South Dakota Security Camera Laws

In South Dakota, homeowners may install security cameras on their own property without a permit. Video-only surveillance is generally unrestricted, while audio recording follows one-party consent rules under SDCL 23A-35A-20. SDCL 22-21-1 bars installing a camera in a bathroom or other private place without the consent of the people entitled to privacy there.

South Dakota does not have a comprehensive statute specifically governing security cameras. Instead, the legality of security camera use is determined by two existing laws: SDCL 22-21-1, which prohibits surveillance devices in private places without consent, and SDCL 23A-35A-20, which governs audio recording.

This guide covers the rules for residential security cameras, business and commercial surveillance systems, audio recording by security cameras, neighbor disputes, and the interaction between security camera footage and South Dakota courts.

Residential Security Cameras in South Dakota

Your Right to Install Cameras on Your Property

South Dakota homeowners have broad rights to install security cameras on their own property. You can place cameras:

• On the exterior of your home (doorbell cameras, porch cameras, driveway cameras)
• In common areas of your home (living rooms, kitchens, hallways)
• In your garage, shed, or outbuildings
• Along your property line, aimed at your own property
• Covering your driveway, walkways, and yard

There is no South Dakota statute requiring you to register security cameras, obtain a permit, or notify neighbors about their installation.

Where You Cannot Place Cameras

SDCL 22-21-1 prohibits placing surveillance devices in any private place without the consent of the person entitled to privacy. In a residential setting, this means you cannot place cameras in:

• Bathrooms used by family members, guests, or tenants
• Bedrooms of other household members, unless they consent to the camera (telling them is not the same as their consent)
• Guest bedrooms or bathrooms where visitors have a privacy expectation
• Tenant-occupied areas without the tenant's consent (for landlords with rental properties)
• Changing areas within the home

Violating this rule is a Class 1 misdemeanor carrying up to 1 year in jail and a $2,000 fine.

Audio Recording by Residential Security Cameras

Many modern security cameras, including popular doorbell cameras like Ring and Nest, capture audio along with video. In South Dakota, the audio recording component adds legal complexity.

Under SDCL 23A-35A-20, recording a conversation requires the consent of at least one party. If your doorbell camera captures a conversation between two visitors on your porch and you are not participating in that conversation, the audio recording could violate the wiretapping statute where they reasonably expect privacy. Recording a conversation you are not part of without a participant's consent can be a Class 5 felony under SDCL 23A-35A-20, punishable by up to five years in prison.

Practical guidance for homeowners:

• Video-only recording of your property exterior is generally unrestricted
• Audio recording of your own conversations with visitors is legal under one-party consent
• Audio recording of conversations between others that you are not part of carries legal risk
• Consider disabling audio recording on outdoor cameras. A sign saying audio is being recorded is a good practice, but a notice is not the same as the consent of the people talking

Neighbor Privacy Concerns

South Dakota law does not specifically address camera placement relative to neighboring properties. However, the general principles are:

• Point cameras at your own property, not directly at a neighbor's windows or private areas
• A camera that incidentally captures a portion of a neighbor's property (driveway, front yard) is generally acceptable
• Deliberately training a camera on a neighbor's bedroom window or fenced backyard could support an invasion of privacy claim
• Audio recording of a neighbor's private conversations without participation or consent may violate SDCL 23A-35A-20

If a neighbor objects to your camera placement, the dispute is typically resolved through civil channels rather than criminal law, unless the camera is capturing images in a private place without consent.

Business and Commercial Security Cameras

General Rules for Businesses

South Dakota businesses can use security cameras for loss prevention, safety monitoring, and general security. Cameras are commonly placed in:

• Retail floors and sales areas
• Cash register areas and checkout lanes
• Warehouses, stockrooms, and loading docks
• Parking lots and exterior entrances
• Lobbies and reception areas
• Hallways and common areas

Prohibited Locations for Business Cameras

Businesses should not install cameras in locations where employees or customers have a reasonable expectation of privacy:

• Customer restrooms and fitting rooms
• Employee bathrooms and locker rooms
• Changing areas in gyms, pools, and spas
• Break rooms designated as private employee spaces
• Nursing and lactation rooms

SDCL 22-21-1 bars installing a camera or recorder in a private place without the consent of the people entitled to privacy there. South Dakota defines a private place as one where a person can reasonably expect to be safe from intrusion or surveillance, but the definition excludes places the public or a substantial group can enter, so whether it covers a shared restroom or locker room depends on the facts. Recording anyone undressed, or under or through their clothing, without consent and with intent to gratify oneself or to embarrass, harass, or invade their privacy is separately a crime under SDCL 22-21-4 wherever it happens.

Employee Notification

South Dakota does not have a statute requiring employers to notify employees about security cameras. However, notification is recommended because:

• It reduces employees' expectation of privacy in monitored open work areas (it does not supply the consent needed for cameras in private places or for audio of conversations)
• It reduces the risk of invasion of privacy claims
• The NLRB has scrutinized employer surveillance that chills protected concerted activity
• Some industries have specific notification requirements under federal regulations

Audio on Business Security Cameras

The same rules that apply to residential audio recording apply to business settings. If a security camera captures audio of employee or customer conversations that the business is not a party to, without a participant's consent, the audio component could violate SDCL 23A-35A-20, a Class 5 felony. Many businesses disable audio recording on their security camera systems to avoid this issue.

HOA and Multi-Unit Housing Security Cameras

HOA Rules and Security Cameras

If you live in a community governed by a homeowners' association (HOA), the HOA may have rules about security camera placement, size, visibility, and orientation. These rules are separate from state law and are enforced through the HOA's governing documents.

Common HOA restrictions include:

• Limits on the number of visible cameras
• Requirements that cameras match the home's exterior
• Restrictions on camera placement that affects common areas
• Rules about cameras pointing toward neighboring properties

Apartment and Condo Security Cameras

Tenants in South Dakota apartments and condos can generally install cameras inside their own units and on their own doorways. Tenants should:

• Check their lease for restrictions on camera installation
• Not install cameras in common areas without building management permission
• Not capture footage of other tenants' private spaces
• Be aware that landlords control camera placement in common areas like hallways, lobbies, and parking garages

Doorbell Cameras (Ring, Nest, Arlo)

Legal Considerations

Doorbell cameras are among the most common residential security devices in South Dakota. These cameras typically record video and audio of anyone who approaches your front door.

• Video recording of your porch, walkway, and driveway is legal
• Audio recording of your conversations with visitors is legal under one-party consent
• Audio recording of conversations between others at your door that you are not part of carries risk
• Sharing footage with law enforcement is generally permissible
• Posting footage on social media is not prohibited by recording law but could create other legal issues

Law Enforcement Access to Doorbell Camera Footage

Law enforcement may request doorbell camera footage as part of an investigation. You are not required to share footage without a warrant or subpoena. However, many homeowners voluntarily cooperate with police requests. If you use a cloud-based service, be aware that the company's terms of service may address law enforcement access to your stored footage.

Security Camera Footage as Evidence

Admissibility in Court

Security camera footage is regularly used as evidence in South Dakota courts. For footage to be admissible:

• The footage must be authenticated as genuine and unaltered
• The footage must be relevant to the case
• The chain of custody must be established
• A court can exclude relevant footage only if its value as evidence is substantially outweighed by the risk of unfair prejudice, confusion, or wasted time (SDCL 19-19-403)

Footage made illegally, such as from a hidden camera in a private place, can also expose the person who made it to criminal charges under SDCL 22-21-1 or 23A-35A-20.

Preserving Security Camera Footage

Many security cameras record on a loop, overwriting old footage after a set period. If you capture an incident that may be relevant to a legal matter:

1. Download and save the footage immediately
2. Back up the file to a separate device or cloud storage
3. Note the date, time, and camera location
4. Do not edit or alter the footage
5. Consult an attorney about preserving the evidence

More South Dakota Recording Laws

Audio Recording | Video Recording | Voyeurism & Hidden Cameras | Workplace Recording | Recording Police | Phone Call Recording | Security Cameras | Recording in Public | Landlord-Tenant | Dashcam Laws | Schools | Medical Recording

Back to South Dakota Recording Laws

More South Dakota Recording Topics

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See Also

• South Dakota Surveillance Camera Laws covers home, HOA, neighbor, workplace, and landlord camera rules in South Dakota.

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• South Dakota Dashcam Laws
• South Dakota Data Privacy Laws
• South Dakota Deepfake Laws
• South Dakota Employee Monitoring Laws
• South Dakota GPS Tracking Laws
• South Dakota Police Bodycam Laws
• South Dakota Smart Glasses Recording Laws

Frequently Asked Questions

Are security cameras legal in South Dakota?

Yes. South Dakota homeowners and businesses can install security cameras on their own property. The main restriction is SDCL 22-21-1, which prohibits installing cameras in private places without the consent of the people entitled to privacy there; recording anyone undressed without consent is separately a crime under SDCL 22-21-4. Video-only surveillance of your property exterior is generally unrestricted.

Do I need to tell my neighbors about my security cameras in South Dakota?

South Dakota does not require you to notify neighbors about security cameras on your property. However, cameras should be pointed at your own property. Deliberately aiming a camera at a neighbor's private areas could support an invasion of privacy claim.

Can my security camera record audio in South Dakota?

Audio recording by security cameras follows one-party consent rules under SDCL 23A-35A-20. If you are participating in a conversation captured by the camera, the audio is legal. If the camera records conversations between others that you are not part of, without a participant's consent, the audio can be a Class 5 felony under SDCL 23A-35A-20.

Can my employer put cameras in the break room?

It depends on the nature of the break room. Cameras in open, common break areas are generally permissible. Whether a break room is a private place under SDCL 22-21-1 depends on the facts, because South Dakota's definition excludes places a substantial group can enter. A camera that records anyone undressed, such as in a bathroom or changing area, can violate SDCL 22-21-4.

Can police access my Ring doorbell footage without a warrant?

You are not legally required to share doorbell camera footage with police without a warrant or subpoena. However, you can choose to cooperate voluntarily. Be aware that your cloud storage provider's terms of service may address law enforcement access to stored footage.