Deepfake & AI Voice Cloning Laws by State (2026)

(a)(1) A person commits the crime of distributing a private image if he or she knowingly posts, emails, texts, transmits, or otherwise distributes a private image when the depicted individual has not consented in writing to the transmission and the depicted individual had a reasonable expectation of privacy against transmission of the private image. (2) A person commits the crime of creating a private image if he or she knowingly creates, records, or alters a private image when the depicted individual has not consented to the creation, recording, or alteration and the depicted individual had a reasonable expectation of privacy against the creation, recording, or alteration of the private image. (b)(1) For purposes of this section, “private image” means a photograph, digital image, video, film, or other recording of an individual who is identifiable from the recording itself or from the circumstances of its transmission and who is engaged in any act of sexually explicit conduct, as defined in Section 13A-12-190. (2) The term includes both of the following: a. A recording that has been edited, altered, or otherwise manipulated from its original form. b.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-29 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at alison.legislature.state.al.us

Also relied on in: Alabama Video Recording Laws: What Is Legal and What Is Not, Alabama Voyeurism Laws: Hidden Cameras, Penalties, and Victim Rights, Alabama Sexting Laws: Legal Consequences and Penalties

(1) No person shall publish, print, display or otherwise publicly use for purposes of trade or for any commercial or advertising purpose the name, portrait, photograph, or other likeness of any natural person without the express written or oral consent to such use given by:(a) Such person; or (b) Any other person, firm or corporation authorized in writing by such person to license the commercial use of her or his name or likeness; or (c) If such person is deceased, any person, firm or corporation authorized in writing to license the commercial use of her or his name or likeness, or if no person, firm or corporation is so authorized, then by any one from among a class composed of her or his surviving spouse and surviving children.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-28 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at leg.state.fl.us

Also relied on in: Florida Laws on Recording in Public: Your Rights and Limits (2026), Florida Deepfake Laws: AI Images, Voice Cloning & Penalties (2026)

(1) As used in this section, the term:(a) “Altered sexual depiction” means any visual depiction that, as a result of any type of digital, electronic, mechanical, or other modification, alteration, or adaptation, depicts a realistic version of an identifiable person:1. With the nude body parts of another person as the nude body parts of the identifiable person; 2. With computer-generated nude body parts as the nude body parts of the identifiable person; or 3. Engaging in sexual conduct as defined in s. 847.001 in which the identifiable person did not engage. (b) “Covered platform” means a website, online service, online application, or mobile application that serves the public and:1. That primarily provides a forum for user-generated content, including messages, videos, images, games, and audio files; or 2. For which it is in the regular course of trade or business of the website, online service, online application, or mobile application to publish, curate, host, or make available content of nonconsensual altered sexual depictions.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-08-30 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at leg.state.fl.us

Also relied on in: Florida AI Laws and Regulation (2026)

(a) Breach of privacy is knowingly and without lawful authority: (1) Intercepting, without the consent of the sender or receiver, a message by telephone, telegraph, letter or other means of private communication; (2) divulging, without the consent of the sender or receiver, the existence or contents of such message if such person knows that the message was illegally intercepted, or if such person illegally learned of the message in the course of employment with an agency in transmitting such message; (3) entering with intent to listen surreptitiously to private conversations in a private place or to observe the personal conduct of any other person or persons entitled to privacy therein; (4) installing or using outside or inside a private place any device for hearing, recording, amplifying or broadcasting sounds originating in such place, which sounds would not ordinarily be audible or comprehensible without the use of such device, without the consent of the person or persons entitled to privacy therein; (5) installing or using any device or equipment for the interception of any telephone, telegraph or other wire or wireless communication without the consent of the person in…

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-08-31 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at ksrevisor.gov

Also relied on in: Kansas Audio Recording Laws, Kansas Dashcam Laws: Mounting Rules, Audio Recording, and Evidence (2026), Kansas Phone Call Recording Laws

(1) (a) Any candidate for any elected office whose appearance, action, or speech is altered through the use of synthetic media in an electioneering communication may seek injunctive or other equitable relief against the sponsor of the electioneering communication requiring that the communication includes a disclosure that is clear and conspicuous and included in, or alongside and associated with, the content in a manner that is likely to be noticed by the user. (b) The court may award a prevailing party reasonable attorney's fees and costs. This paragraph does not limit or preclude a plaintiff from securing or recovering any other available remedy. (2) In any action brought under subsection (1) of this section: (a) The plaintiff shall: 1. File in Circuit Court of the county in which he or she resides; and 2. Bear the burden of establishing the use of synthetic media by clear and convincing evidence; and (b) The following shall not be liable except as provided in subsection (3) of this section: 1. The medium disseminating the electioneering communication; and 2. An advertising sales representative of such medium.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-08-09 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at apps.legislature.ky.gov

Also relied on in: Kentucky Deepfake Laws: AI Images, Voice Cloning & Penalties (2026), Kentucky Video Recording Laws: Surveillance, Privacy, and Legal Limits, Kentucky Voyeurism and Hidden Camera Laws: Offenses, Penalties, and Protections

(1) The General Assembly recognizes that a person has property rights in his name and likeness which are entitled to protection from commercial exploitation. The General Assembly further recognizes that although the traditional right of privacy terminates upon death of the person asserting it, the right of publicity, which is a right of protection from appropriation of some element of an individual's personality for commercial exploitation, does not terminate upon death. (2) The name or likeness of a person who is a public figure shall not be used for commercial profit for a period of fifty (50) years from the date of his death without the written consent of the executor or administrator of his estate.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-29 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at apps.legislature.ky.gov

(1) A person is guilty of distribution of sexually explicit images without consent when: (a) He or she intentionally distributes to any third party private erotic matter without the written consent of the person depicted, and does so with the intent to profit, or to harm, harass, intimidate, threaten, or coerce the person depicted; and (b) The disclosure would cause a reasonable person to suffer harm. (2) This section shall not apply to: (a) Images involving voluntary nudity or sexual conduct in public, commercial settings, or in a place where a person does not have a reasonable expectation of privacy; (b) Disclosures made in the public interest, including the reporting of unlawful conduct, or lawful and common practices of law enforcement, criminal reporting, corrections, legal proceedings, or medical treatment; (c) Disclosures of materials that constitute a matter of public concern; or (d) Internet service providers or telecommunications services, or interactive computer services, as defined in 47 U.S.C. sec. 230(f)(2), for content solely provided by another person.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-08-30 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at apps.legislature.ky.gov

Also relied on in: Kentucky Recording Laws (2026): One-Party Consent Rules, Kentucky Sexting Laws: Legal Consequences and Penalties, Kentucky Security Camera Laws: Home, Business, and HOA Rules

(1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (2), a person shall not distribute, or enter into an agreement with another person to distribute, materially deceptive media if all of the following apply: (a) The person knows the media falsely represents a depicted individual. (b) The distribution occurs within 90 days before an election. (c) The person intends the distribution to harm the reputation or electoral prospects of a candidate in an election, and the distribution is reasonably likely to cause that result. (d) The person intends the distribution to change the voting behavior of electors in an election by deceiving the electors into incorrectly believing that the depicted individual in fact engaged in the speech or conduct depicted, and the distribution is reasonably likely to cause that result. (2) The prohibition in subsection (1) does not apply if all of the following conditions are met: (a) The media includes a disclaimer informing the viewer that the media has been manipulated by technical means and depicts speech or conduct that did not occur.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-09-03 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at legislature.mi.gov

Also relied on in: Michigan Deepfake Laws: AI Images, Voice Cloning & Penalties (2026), Michigan AI Laws and Regulation (2026)

Subdivision 1. Definitions. (a) As used in this section, the following terms have the meanings given. (b) "Candidate" means an individual who seeks nomination or election to a federal, statewide, legislative, judicial, or local office including special districts, school districts, towns, home rule charter and statutory cities, and counties. (c) "Deep fake" means any video recording, motion-picture film, sound recording, electronic image, or photograph, or any technological representation of speech or conduct substantially derivative thereof: (1) that is so realistic that a reasonable person would believe it depicts speech or conduct of an individual who did not in fact engage in such speech or conduct; and (2) the production of which was substantially dependent upon technical means, rather than the ability of another individual to physically or verbally impersonate such individual. (d) "Depicted individual" means an individual in a deep fake who appears to be engaging in speech or conduct in which the individual did not engage. Subd. 2. Violation.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-09-03 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at revisor.mn.gov

Also relied on in: Minnesota Video Recording Laws: Public Filming, Privacy, and Penalties, Minnesota Voyeurism and Hidden Camera Laws: Offenses, Penalties, and Protections, Minnesota AI Laws and Regulation (2026)

Subdivision 1. Definitions. (a) For purposes of this section, the following terms have the meanings given. (b) "Deep fake" means any video recording, motion-picture film, sound recording, electronic image, or photograph, or any technological representation of speech or conduct substantially derivative thereof: (1) that is so realistic that a reasonable person would believe it depicts speech or conduct of an individual; and (2) the production of which was substantially dependent upon technical means, rather than the ability of another individual to physically or verbally impersonate such individual. (c) "Depicted individual" means an individual in a deep fake who appears to be engaging in speech or conduct in which the individual did not engage. (d) "Dissemination" means distribution to one or more persons, other than the individual depicted in the deep fake, or publication by any publicly available medium. (e) "Harass" means an act that would cause a substantial adverse effect on the safety, security, or privacy of a reasonable person. (f) "Intimate parts" means the genitals, pubic area, anus, or partially or fully exposed nipple of an individual.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-08-30 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at revisor.mn.gov

Also relied on in: Minnesota Deepfake Laws: AI Images, Voice Cloning & Penalties (2026), Minnesota Recording Laws (2026): One-Party Consent Rules, Minnesota Pornography Laws (2026): Age-Verification Bill Fell One Vote Short

This part shall be known and may be cited as the “Ensuring Likeness, Voice, and Image Security Act of 2024.” History Acts 1984, ch. 945, § 1; 2024, ch. 588, § 1.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2021-05-21 · Read the full text in our law library

Also relied on in: Tennessee Laws on Recording in Public: What You Can and Cannot Film, Tennessee Video Recording Laws: What Is Legal and What Is Not, Tennessee Workplace Recording Laws: Employee and Employer Rights

A. Any person who, with the intent to coerce, harass, or intimidate, maliciously disseminates or sells any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever that depicts another person (i) who is totally nude; (ii) who is in a state of undress so as to expose the genitals, pubic area, buttocks, or female breast; or (iii) whose genitals, pubic area, buttocks, or female breast are not exposed but such videographic or still image is obscene as defined in § 18.2-372 where such person knows or has reason to know that he is not licensed or authorized to disseminate or sell such videographic or still image is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. For purposes of this subsection, "another person" includes a person whose image was used in creating, adapting, or modifying a videographic or still image with the intent to depict an actual person and who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's face, likeness, or other distinguishing characteristic. B.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-09-03 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at law.lis.virginia.gov

Also relied on in: Virginia Video Recording Laws: Surveillance Rules and Privacy Limits, Virginia Voyeurism and Hidden Camera Laws: Penalties and Protections, Virginia AI Laws and Regulation (2026)

(1) In this section: (a) “Captures a representation” means takes a photograph, makes a motion picture, videotape, recording, or other visual or audio representation, or records or stores in any medium data that represents a visual image. (ae) “Consent” means words or overt actions by a person who is competent to give informed consent indicating a freely given agreement to the act. A person who has not attained the age of 18 is incapable of consent. The following persons are presumed incapable of consent but the presumption may be rebutted by competent evidence, subject to the provisions of s. 972.11 (2): 1. A person suffering from a mental illness or defect that impairs capacity to appraise personal conduct. 2. A person who is unconscious or for any other reason is physically unable to communicate unwillingness to an act. (ag) “Intimate representation” means any of the following: 1. A representation of a nude or partially nude person. 2. A representation of clothed, covered, or partially clothed or covered genitalia or buttock that is not otherwise visible to the public. 3. A representation of a person urinating, defecating, or using a feminine hygiene product. 4.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-08-30 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at docs.legis.wisconsin.gov

Also relied on in: Wisconsin Landlord-Tenant Recording Laws: Cameras, Surveillance, and Privacy (2026), Wisconsin Video Recording Laws: Surveillance, Filming, and Privacy Rules (2026), Wisconsin Voyeurism and Hidden Camera Laws: Privacy Crimes and Penalties (2026)

(1) The right of privacy is recognized in this state. One whose privacy is unreasonably invaded is entitled to the following relief: (a) Equitable relief to prevent and restrain such invasion, excluding prior restraint against constitutionally protected communication privately and through the public media; (b) Compensatory damages based either on plaintiff’s loss or defendant’s unjust enrichment; and (c) A reasonable amount for attorney fees. (2) (am) In this section, “invasion of privacy” means any of the following: 1. Intrusion upon the privacy of another of a nature highly offensive to a reasonable person, except as provided under par. (bm), in a place that a reasonable person would consider private, or in a manner that is actionable for trespass. 2. The use, for advertising purposes or for purposes of trade, of the name, portrait or picture of any living person, without having first obtained the written consent of the person or, if the person is a minor, of his or her parent or guardian. 3.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-29 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at docs.legis.wisconsin.gov

Also relied on in: Wisconsin Data Privacy Laws: Breach Notification & Consumer Rights (2026), Wisconsin Deepfake Laws: AI Images, Voice Cloning & Penalties (2026), Wisconsin GPS Tracking Laws: Is It Legal to Put a Tracker on a Car? (2026)

For the purposes of this chapter, the term— “minor” means any person under the age of eighteen years; Except as provided in subparagraph (B), “sexually explicit conduct” means actual or simulated— sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex; bestiality; masturbation; sadistic or masochistic abuse; or lascivious exhibition of the anus, genitals, or pubic area of any person; For purposes of subsection 8(B) 1  So in original. Probably should be “(8)(B)”.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-28 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at uscode.house.gov

Also relied on in: Alaska Deepfake Laws: AI Images, Voice Cloning & Penalties (2026), Arizona Deepfake Laws: AI Images, Voice Cloning & Penalties (2026), Arkansas Deepfake Laws: AI Images, Voice Cloning & Penalties (2026)

The Congress finds the following: The rapidly developing array of Internet and other interactive computer services available to individual Americans represent an extraordinary advance in the availability of educational and informational resources to our citizens. These services offer users a great degree of control over the information that they receive, as well as the potential for even greater control in the future as technology develops. The Internet and other interactive computer services offer a forum for a true diversity of political discourse, unique opportunities for cultural development, and myriad avenues for intellectual activity. The Internet and other interactive computer services have flourished, to the benefit of all Americans, with a minimum of government regulation. Increasingly Americans are relying on interactive media for a variety of political, educational, cultural, and entertainment services.

Official text (excerpt) · last checked 2026-07-28 · Read the full text in our law library · Verify at uscode.house.gov

Also relied on in: New York Voyeurism and Hidden Camera Laws: Penalties and Protections, xAI Sues Grok User Over Alleged AI-Generated Child Sexual Abuse Material, Illinois Voyeurism and Hidden Camera Laws: Penalties and BIPA Rules (2026)