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Child Support Laws

Child Support Laws in the United States (2026)

Independently fact-checkedEditor-reviewedLaw current as of August 20, 2026By Recording Law Editorial TeamReviewed September 23, 202613 min read

Independently fact-checked against primary sources (last audited August 16, 2026). · Reviewed by the RecordingLaw editorial team. · Law checked current as of August 20, 2026. · 10 primary sources cited on this page. How we verify our legal content

Child Support Laws in the United States (2026)

Child support in the United States operates under a federal framework set by Title IV-D of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. §§ 651-669b), but each state sets its own formula. Three main guideline models govern how states calculate child support: Income Shares (41 states), Percentage of Income (6 states), and the Melson Formula (3 states). Select your state from the list below to read its specific rules, or use any of the free state child support calculators linked further down.

Child Support in the United States: An Overview

Child support is a court-ordered payment from one parent to the other to help cover the costs of raising a child after separation or divorce.

Parent resting a hand on their forehead at a kitchen table with a closed folder and a mug

The paying parent is called the obligor, typically the non-custodial parent. The receiving parent is called the obligee, typically the custodial parent.

Unlike some areas of family law, child support in the United States is shaped by both federal law and state law. Every state has its own guidelines, formulas, and procedures. But all states must comply with federal requirements for automatic income withholding, enforcement tools, and interstate cases.

The result is that child support amounts can vary significantly from state to state, even for identical income and custody situations.

New Child Support Laws in 2026: What Actually Changed

No federal law changed how child support is calculated in 2026. Claims circulating on social media about a nationwide overhaul misread routine state guideline updates as federal action: the only federal activity this year has been a pair of proposed administrative rules about program paperwork, neither of which is final and neither of which touches the support formulas. Child support math is set state by state, and several states did revise their guidelines for 2026:

  • Washington expanded its economic table to combined monthly net incomes up to $50,000 (previously $12,000) and raised the self-support reserve to $2,200 per month, effective January 1, 2026 (EHB 1014, amending RCW 26.19.020).
  • Colorado eliminated the 93-overnight parenting-time cliff so that overnight credit now scales from the first overnight, and raised its combined-income cap to $40,000 per month, for orders entered or modified on or after March 1, 2026 (HB 25-1159).
  • New Jersey adopted its annual guideline updates to Appendices IX-A, IX-B and IX-E and the tax-withholding tables, effective June 1, 2026, by order of the New Jersey Supreme Court.
  • New York applied the scheduled biennial cost-of-living adjustment to the CSSA combined parental income cap, with the revised chart taking effect in March 2026.

Other states made narrower adjustments; each state page below reflects that state's current rules.

Federal Child Support Framework

Title IV-D and the Office of Child Support Services

Title IV-D of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. §§ 651-669b) established the federal child support enforcement program when Congress enacted it through P.L. 93-647 in January 1975.

Under Title IV-D, every state must operate a child support enforcement (CSE) program as a condition of receiving federal welfare funds. In exchange, the federal government reimburses states for approximately 66 percent of their child support enforcement costs.

The federal Office of Child Support Services (OCSS), formerly the Office of Child Support Enforcement (OCSE), sits within the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. In June 2023 the office was renamed to reflect its broader family-centered mission. OCSS sets policy, issues regulations, and publishes annual data on nationwide child support collections.

According to OCSS fiscal year 2024 preliminary data, the program collected approximately $29.5 billion on behalf of 12.2 million children and families nationwide. Income withholding accounted for 71 percent of all collections.

The Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (UIFSA)

When parents live in different states, questions about which state's court has jurisdiction can become complicated. The Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (UIFSA) solves this with a single-state rule.

Under UIFSA, only one state at a time has "continuing exclusive jurisdiction" (CEJ) over a child support order. The state that issues the order retains CEJ as long as either parent or the child continues to live there.

Congress first required all states to adopt UIFSA as a condition of federal welfare funding under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA, P.L. 104-193). Congress later mandated adoption of the updated 2008 version under P.L. 113-183 (2014). As of 2016, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have adopted the 2008 version.

UIFSA also governs how income withholding orders are honored across state lines. An income withholding order issued by any U.S. state must be honored by employers nationwide.

Automatic Income Withholding

Federal law requires that an income withholding order be issued simultaneously with every new child support order, even in cases not processed through the state IV-D agency.

Under 42 U.S.C. § 666(b), the employer must deduct the child support amount directly from the obligor's paycheck and send it to the state disbursement unit. This automatic withholding requirement was extended universally to all child support orders effective January 1, 1994.

Income withholding is the most reliable and efficient enforcement mechanism in the child support system. It eliminates voluntary non-payment as the first line of defense for families waiting on support.

Federal Enforcement Tools

When a parent falls behind on child support, federal and state law provide a powerful toolkit.

Passport denial and revocation. Under 42 U.S.C. § 652(k), when a state agency certifies that a person owes child support arrears in an amount exceeding $2,500, the Secretary of State must refuse to issue that person a passport and may revoke, restrict, or limit a passport already issued. Denial of a new passport is mandatory; pulling back an existing one is discretionary. This passport denial program has been in effect since PRWORA (Pub. L. 104-193) in 1996, which originally set the arrears threshold at $5,000. The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (Pub. L. 109-171, Section 7303(a)) lowered it to the current $2,500, effective October 1, 2006.

Federal Tax Refund Offset Program (FTROP). Under 26 U.S.C. § 6402(c) and 42 U.S.C. § 664, OCSS can intercept federal tax refunds to satisfy unpaid child support. The qualification threshold is $150 in arrears for cases where the family received TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) and $500 for non-TANF cases.

Credit bureau reporting. Under 42 U.S.C. § 666(a)(7), states must report periodically to consumer reporting agencies the name of any noncustodial parent who is delinquent in paying support and the amount of overdue support owed. Federal law sets no dollar threshold for that reporting; it requires only that the parent first receive all due process available under state law, including notice and a reasonable opportunity to contest the accuracy of the information. Unpaid child support can remain on a credit report for up to seven years.

License suspension. All states have laws allowing the suspension of a non-paying parent's driver's license, professional licenses, and recreational licenses for persistent non-payment.

Property liens. States can place liens on real estate, bank accounts, retirement funds, and other assets belonging to the obligor.

Contempt of court. Failure to pay child support as ordered can result in civil contempt, fines, incarceration, or both. Willful non-payment can also support criminal charges in many states.

The Bradley Amendment: Arrears Are Final

One of the most consequential rules in American child support law is the Bradley Amendment (P.L. 99-509, §9103, enacted 1986, codified at 42 U.S.C. § 666(a)(9)).

The Bradley Amendment permanently prohibits any court, state or federal, from retroactively reducing or canceling child support arrears.

Once a payment comes due and is missed, that amount becomes a final, unmodifiable judgment from the date it was due. This rule applies even if the obligor lost their job, went to prison, became disabled, or was unaware that a child support order existed.

There is one statutory carve-out, and it turns on the filing date. Section 666(a)(9)(C) lets a state modify support "with respect to any period during which there is pending a petition for modification, but only from the date that notice of such petition has been given" to the obligee, or to the obligor where the obligee is the one petitioning. So relief can reach back to the date the other parent was notified of the petition, but no further. Arrears that accrued before that notice date cannot be forgiven by any court.

How States Calculate Child Support

Every state uses a mathematical formula to calculate child support. The formula falls into one of three main models recognized by the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL). The model a state uses determines whose income is counted, how expenses are allocated, and how parenting time affects the amount owed.

Income Shares Model, 41 States

The Income Shares model is the most widely used approach in the United States. Economist Robert G. Williams developed it for the National Center for State Courts in 1987. According to NCSL, 41 states (plus Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands) use this model.

The core principle is that a child should receive the same proportion of parental income they would have received if the family had remained together.

Under this model, both parents' incomes are combined. A guidelines table is used to find the total amount parents at that combined income level would typically spend on children. Each parent then pays a proportional share of that total based on their percentage of the combined income.

The custodial parent is presumed to spend their share directly on the child. The non-custodial parent pays their share to the other parent as cash support.

Most Income Shares states add the cost of the child's health insurance premium and work-related childcare costs, dividing those expenses proportionally between the parents as well.

Notable Income Shares variants. Two states are classified as Income Shares by NCSL but use distinct formulas worth noting. New York applies the Child Support Standards Act (CSSA, Domestic Relations Law § 240), which sets fixed percentages of combined parental income, 17% for one child, 25% for two, 29% for three, 31% for four, and 35% for five or more, up to a statutory cap of $193,000 in combined parental income (updated March 1, 2026, from the prior $183,000 cap). California uses an algebraic formula under Family Code § 4055: CS = K[HN - (H%)(TN)], which uniquely weights each parent's physical custody share to calculate support.

Percentage of Income Model, 6 States

The Percentage of Income model bases child support solely on the obligor's (non-custodial parent's) income, without considering the custodial parent's earnings.

A fixed or varying percentage is applied to the obligor's gross or net income depending on the state's rules. This model is simpler but does not account for the custodial parent's ability to contribute to child-rearing costs.

The six states using this model are: Alaska, Mississippi, Nevada, North Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin. Texas, for example, applies net income percentages up to a monthly cap; Wisconsin applies a flat percentage of gross income.

Melson Formula, 3 States

The Melson Formula, developed by Delaware Family Court Judge Elwood Melson in the 1970s, takes a three-step needs-based approach.

First, it calculates each parent's minimum self-support reserve, the income each parent must retain to cover their own basic needs. Second, it calculates each child's minimum needs. Third, any income remaining above those minimums is allocated proportionally between the parents to provide additional support.

The three states using the Melson Formula are Delaware, Hawaii, and Montana. It is the most protective of low-income obligors among the three models.

District of Columbia, Hybrid Model

The District of Columbia uses a hybrid model that starts as a varying percentage of income model and is then reduced by a formula based on the custodial parent's income. It does not fit squarely into any of the three main categories.

Parenting Time Adjustments

Most states reduce the non-custodial parent's child support obligation when they have substantial parenting time.

The logic is straightforward: a parent who has the children for a large portion of the year is already spending directly on housing, food, clothing, and other child-related costs during that time. Requiring the same level of cash support payments on top of that direct spending would result in double-counting.

The overnight threshold that triggers an adjustment varies by state, most commonly between 110 and 146 overnights per year, representing approximately 30% to 40% of the year.

In Income Shares states, the adjustment typically reduces the obligor's proportional share of the combined support obligation. In some states, a separate shared-custody calculation applies where each parent's obligation is computed independently and the difference is paid by the parent with the higher obligation.

Requesting a Modification

Child support orders are not permanent. Either parent can petition the court to modify an existing order when there has been a substantial change in circumstances.

Common grounds for modification include a significant change in either parent's income, a change in physical custody arrangements, the child developing special needs, a change in the child's health insurance coverage, or the birth or adoption of additional children.

Most states also allow a review without proving changed circumstances if the order is at least three years old and the current amount differs from the guideline amount by a specified threshold, commonly 15% to 20%.

The Bradley Amendment reminder: A modification can reach back only as far as the date the other parent was given notice of the modification petition, under 42 U.S.C. § 666(a)(9)(C). It cannot reduce or eliminate arrears that accrued before that date. That is exactly why the filing date matters: parents who anticipate difficulty paying should file for a modification immediately, because every month of delay adds arrears that become permanent. If your income has already dropped, get a free case evaluation from a family lawyer and file the modification petition before more arrears lock in (attorney advertising).

State Child Support Laws

The guides below cover each state's child support guidelines in detail: how support is calculated, how to apply, enforcement procedures, modification standards, and when support ends.

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Child Support Calculators by State

Use these free calculators to estimate child support obligations under each state's current guidelines. Every calculator provides a step-by-step legal breakdown with statute citations so you can see exactly how the number was calculated.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What federal law governs child support in the United States?

Title IV-D of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. §§ 651-669b), enacted in 1975, establishes the federal child support enforcement framework. It requires every state to operate a child support enforcement program and sets uniform rules for income withholding, passport denial, tax refund intercepts, and other enforcement tools. The federal Office of Child Support Services (OCSS) under HHS oversees all state programs.

Can child support arrears ever be forgiven or reduced?

Generally no. Under the Bradley Amendment (Pub. L. 99-509, 1986, codified at 42 U.S.C. § 666(a)(9)), courts are prohibited from retroactively reducing or eliminating child support arrears. Once a payment is missed, that amount becomes a final unmodifiable judgment, even if the obligor was incarcerated, unemployed, or unaware of the order. The one statutory exception is the pending-petition rule in § 666(a)(9)(C): a state may modify support for the period a modification petition is pending, but only back to the date notice of that petition was given to the other parent. Anything that came due before that notice date stands.

What happens if you stop paying child support?

Federal and state law provide multiple enforcement mechanisms: automatic income withholding from wages, mandatory denial of a new passport, plus discretionary revocation or restriction of an existing one, once certified arrears exceed $2,500 (42 U.S.C. § 652(k)), federal and state tax refund intercepts (at $150 for TANF cases, $500 for non-TANF), credit bureau reporting, driver's and professional license suspension, property and bank account liens, and contempt of court, which can result in incarceration.

Do all states calculate child support the same way?

No. Each state has its own guidelines and formula, but all states use one of three main models recognized by NCSL: the Income Shares model (41 states, including New York and California with their own statutory variants), the Percentage of Income model (6 states: Alaska, Mississippi, Nevada, North Dakota, Texas, Wisconsin), and the Melson Formula used by Delaware, Hawaii, and Montana. DC uses a separate hybrid model. While the formulas differ, all states follow the same federal rules for income withholding and enforcement.

What is the Income Shares model of child support?

The Income Shares model, used by 41 states, combines both parents' incomes and uses a guidelines table to estimate what they would have spent on the child if the family had remained together. That total obligation is then divided between the parents in proportion to each parent's share of combined income. The non-custodial parent pays their share as cash support; the custodial parent is presumed to spend their share directly on the child.

Can a child support order from one state be enforced in another?

Yes. All 50 states and D.C. have adopted the Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (UIFSA, 2008 version), which ensures that only one state has jurisdiction over a child support order at a time. Income withholding orders issued in any U.S. state must be honored by employers in every other state under 42 U.S.C. § 666(b), and states cooperate to enforce each other's orders.

Updates

Corrected the federal enforcement section: credit-bureau reporting under 42 U.S.C. § 666(a)(7) has no $1,000 threshold, passport denial is mandatory while revocation of an existing passport is discretionary once arrears exceed $2,500 under § 652(k), and a modification can reach back to the date the other parent received notice of the petition under § 666(a)(9)(C).

Governing law re-checked for recent changes

Corrected the history of the federal passport-denial threshold for child support arrears: it was originally $5,000 under the 1996 welfare reform law and was lowered to the current $2,500 by the 2006 Deficit Reduction Act, not unchanged as previously stated.

Independently fact-checked against the cited primary sources

Governing law re-checked for recent changes

Governing law re-checked for recent changes

Reviewed and approved by an editor

State-by-state comparison

Each state guide below is paired with the governing statute our editors adjudicated for it, held in our own legal record and verified against the official source.

Northeast

StateStatute citedCourt citations
ConnecticutConnecticut General Statutes, Title 46b (Family Law), Chapter 815j § 46b-84 — (Formerly Sec. 46-57). Parents' obligation for maintenance…322 opinions · latest 2026
MaineMaine Revised Statutes, Title 19-A: DOMESTIC RELATIONS, Part 3: PARENTS AND CHILDREN, Chapter 63: CHILD SUPPORT GUIDELINES § 2006 — Support guidelines55 opinions · latest 2026
MassachusettsMassachusetts General Laws, Chapter 119A § 13 — Support payments or installments; judgment by operation of…—
New HampshireNew Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated, TITLE XLIII DOMESTIC RELATIONS, CHAPTER 458-C CHILD SUPPORT GUIDELINES § 458-C:3 — Child Support Formula.41 opinions · latest 2024
New JerseyNew Jersey Statutes (Unannotated) § 2A:34-23 — Alimony, maintenance.615 opinions · latest 2026
New YorkNew York Domestic Relations Law § 240 — Custody and child support; orders of protection1,319 opinions · latest 2026
PennsylvaniaPennsylvania Consolidated Statutes Title 23 (Domestic Relations) § 4322 — Support guideline45 opinions · latest 2025
Rhode IslandRhode Island General Laws, Title 15: Domestic Relations, Chapter 15-5: Divorce and Separation § 15-5-16.2 — Child support1 opinions · latest 2002
VermontVermont Statutes Annotated, Title 15: Domestic Relations, Chapter 11: Annulment and Divorce, Subchapter: CHILD CUSTODY AND SUPPORT § 654 — Support guideline18 opinions · latest 2017

Midwest

StateStatute citedCourt citations
IllinoisIllinois Compiled Statutes Chapter 750, Act 5 (Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act) § 505 — Child support; contempt; penalties466 opinions · latest 2026
IndianaIndiana Code, TITLE 31. FAMILY LAW AND JUVENILE LAW § 31-16-6-1 — Child support orders; relevant factors; income withholding;…—
IowaIowa Code, Chapter 598: DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS § 598.21B — Orders for child support and medical support.38 opinions · latest 2025
KansasKansas Statutes Annotated, Chapter 23: KANSAS FAMILY LAW CODE-REVISED § 23-3001 — Minor children; support and education; definition of unborn…5 opinions · latest 2025
MichiganMichigan Compiled Laws § 552.605 — Child support order; deviation from formula; agreement80 opinions · latest 2026
MinnesotaMinnesota Statutes, Chapter 518A: CHILD SUPPORT § 518A.35 — GUIDELINE USED IN CHILD SUPPORT DETERMINATIONS9 opinions · latest 2025
MissouriRevised Statutes of Missouri, Title XXX (DOMESTIC RELATIONS), Chapter 452 § 452.340 — Child support, how allocated — factors to be considered —…191 opinions · latest 2023
NebraskaNebraska Revised Statutes, Chapter 42: HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES § 42-364.16 — Child support guidelines; establishment; use60 opinions · latest 2026
North DakotaNorth Dakota Century Code § 14-09-09.7 — Child support guidelines—
OhioOhio Revised Code § 3119.02 — Calculation of child support obligation—
South DakotaSouth Dakota Codified Laws, Chapter 25-7: SUPPORT OBLIGATIONS § 25-7-6.1 — Obligation of parents to support child--Liability of absent…—
WisconsinWisconsin Statutes, Chapter 767: Actions Affecting The Family § 767.511 — Child support.8 opinions · latest 2024

South

StateStatute citedCourt citations
AlabamaCode of Alabama 1975, Title 30: Marital and Domestic Relations. § 30-3-155 — Determination of Child Support.—
ArkansasArkansas Code of 1987 Annotated § 9-14-106 — Noncustodial parents — Amount of support — Definition.—
DelawareDelaware Code, Title 13 (Domestic Relations), Chapter 005 (DESERTION AND SUPPORT) § 501 — Duty to support minor child; duty to support child over 18…—
District of ColumbiaCode of the District of Columbia, Title 16: Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. - Chapter 9: Divorce, Annulment, Separation, Support, Etc. § 16-916.01 — Child Support Guideline.9 opinions · latest 2025
FloridaFlorida Statutes § 61.30 — Child support guidelines; retroactive child support.239 opinions · latest 2026
GeorgiaOfficial Code of Georgia Annotated § 19-6-15 — Child support guidelines for determining amount of award;…285 opinions · latest 2026
KentuckyKentucky Revised Statutes, Chapter 403: DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE -- CHILD CUSTODY § 403.212 — Child support guidelines -- Administrative regulation…113 opinions · latest 2026
LouisianaLouisiana Revised Statutes § 9:315.2 — Calculation of basic child support obligation72 opinions · latest 2025
MarylandMaryland Code, Family Law Article § 12-2042 opinions · latest 2003
MississippiMississippi Code of 1972 Annotated § 43-19-101 — Child support award guidelines.205 opinions · latest 2025
North CarolinaNorth Carolina General Statutes, Chapter 50: Divorce and Alimony. § 50-13.4 — Action for support of minor child286 opinions · latest 2026
OklahomaOklahoma Statutes, Title 43: MARRIAGE AND FAMILY § 118 — Child support guidelines35 opinions · latest 2018
South CarolinaSouth Carolina Code of Laws, Title 63: SOUTH CAROLINA CHILDREN'S CODE § 63-17-470 — Proceedings and awards—
TennesseeTennessee Code Annotated § 36-5-101 — Child support order — Jurisdiction — Amount of support —…971 opinions · latest 2026
TexasTexas Family Code § 154.125 — APPLICATION OF GUIDELINES TO NET RESOURCES—
VirginiaCode of Virginia, Title 20: Domestic Relations § 20-108.2 — Guideline for determination of child support; quadrennial…—
West VirginiaWest Virginia Code § 48-13-201 — Use of both parents' income in determining child support.—

West

StateStatute citedCourt citations
AlaskaAlaska Statutes, Title 25. Marital and Domestic Relations, Chapter 27. Child Support Services Agency § 25.27.060 — Order of support5 opinions · latest 2022
ArizonaArizona Revised Statutes, Title 25 (Marital and Domestic Relations), Chapter 3 (DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE), Article 2 (Dissolution of Marriage) § 25-320 — Child support; factors; methods of payment; additional…261 opinions · latest 2026
CaliforniaCalifornia Family Code § 405582 opinions · latest 2026
ColoradoColorado Revised Statutes, Title 14: Domestic Matters § 14-10-115 — Child support guidelines - purpose - determination of…5 opinions · latest 2012
HawaiiHawaii Revised Statutes, Chapter 576D: CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT § 576D-7 — Guidelines in establishing amount of child support32 opinions · latest 2024
IdahoIdaho Code § 32-706 — Child support13 opinions · latest 2024
MontanaMontana Code Annotated, Title 40 § 40-4-204 — Child Support -- Orders To Address Health Insurance --…88 opinions · latest 2025
NevadaNevada Revised Statutes, Chapter 125B: OBLIGATION OF SUPPORT § 125B.020 — Obligation of parents.—
New MexicoNew Mexico Statutes Annotated 1978, Chapter 40 § 40-4-11.1 — Child support; guidelines50 opinions · latest 2025
OregonOregon Revised Statutes, Chapter 25: Support Enforcement § 25.275 — Formula for determining child support awards; criteria to…—
UtahUtah Code, Title 81: Utah Domestic Relations Code § 81-6-202 — Determination of amount of child support -- Application of…—
WashingtonRevised Code of Washington § 26.19.020 — Child support economic table.103 opinions · latest 2024
WyomingWyoming Statutes, Title 20 - Domestic Relations - Chapter 2: Dissolution of Marriage - Article 3: Child Support § 20-2-304 — Presumptive child support.—

Each statute shown is the same adjudicated anchor its state guide renders, independently verified against primary sources. A dash means not yet adjudicated in our record — never that no law exists.

Sources and References

  1. Title IV-D of the Social Security Act, Child Support Enforcement (42 U.S.C. §§ 651-669b)(ssa.gov).gov
  2. Office of Child Support Services, FY 2024 Preliminary Data Report(acf.gov).gov
  3. OCSS Name Change Announcement, ACF, June 2023(acf.hhs.gov).gov
  4. Bradley Amendment, Prohibition on Retroactive Modification (42 U.S.C. § 666(a)(9))(uscode.house.gov).gov
  5. Passport Denial for Child Support Arrears (42 U.S.C. § 652(k))(uscode.house.gov).gov
  6. Federal Tax Refund Offset Program, 45 CFR § 303.72(ecfr.gov).gov
  7. Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (2008), Uniform Law Commission(uniformlaws.org)
  8. Child Support Guideline Models by State, National Conference of State Legislatures(ncsl.org)
  9. New York Child Support Standards Chart (LDSS 4515, Rev. 03/26), NY OTDA(childsupport.ny.gov).gov
  10. RCW 26.19.020 (economic table, as amended by 2025 c 272)(app.leg.wa.gov).gov
  11. Colorado HB 25-1159(leg.colorado.gov).gov
  12. NJ Supreme Court order: child support guideline updating amendments(njcourts.gov).gov
  13. 42 U.S.C. § 666, State laws relating to child support enforcement (credit bureau reporting at (a)(7); Bradley Amendment at (a)(9)), U.S. Code via GovInfo(govinfo.gov)
  14. 42 U.S.C. § 652(k), Passport denial for child support arrearages exceeding $2,500, U.S. Code via GovInfo(govinfo.gov)
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