EnglishEspañol
Michigan flag

Michigan

Leyes de Protección al Denunciante en Michigan: Protecciones y Cómo Reportar

Leyes de Protección al Denunciante en Michigan: Protecciones y Cómo Reportar

Preguntas frecuentes

¿Michigan tiene una ley de protección al denunciante?

Sí. La Ley de Protección al Denunciante de Michigan (MCL 15.361 a 15.369), promulgada en 1980, prohíbe a los empleadores tomar represalias contra empleados que denuncian violaciones o presuntas violaciones de leyes, normas o reglamentos ante un organismo público. La ley cubre tanto a empleados del sector privado como del sector público.

¿Cuánto tiempo tengo para presentar un reclamo por represalia contra un denunciante en Michigan?

Bajo la Ley de Protección al Denunciante, debe presentar una demanda civil ante un tribunal de circuito dentro de los 90 días posteriores al acto de represalia. Este es uno de los plazos más cortos entre las leyes estatales de protección al denunciante. Otros estatutos tienen plazos diferentes: las quejas bajo MIOSHA deben presentarse dentro de los 30 días, y los reclamos de orden público de derecho consuetudinario tienen un plazo de prescripción de tres años.

¿Tengo que denunciar ante una agencia gubernamental para estar protegido bajo la WPA de Michigan?

Sí. La WPA solo protege las denuncias hechas ante un 'organismo público', que incluye agencias estatales, agencias de aplicación de la ley, la legislatura, el poder judicial y agencias federales. Denunciar únicamente ante un supervisor privado o un compañero de trabajo no califica para la protección de la WPA. Sin embargo, es posible que aún tenga un reclamo de derecho consuetudinario por despido injustificado.

¿Qué daños puedo recuperar en un caso de denunciante en Michigan?

Bajo la WPA, un tribunal puede otorgar la reinstalación, el pago de salarios atrasados, la restitución de beneficios adicionales y derechos de antigüedad, daños reales (incluido el sufrimiento emocional), y honorarios razonables de abogado y costos de litigio. El empleador también puede enfrentar una multa civil de hasta $500.

¿Puedo presentar un reclamo de denunciante de forma anónima en Michigan?

MIOSHA permite presentar quejas de seguridad laboral de forma anónima. Sin embargo, presentar una demanda civil bajo la WPA requiere identificarse. Bajo la Ley de Reclamos Falsos de Medicaid, las demandas qui tam se presentan inicialmente bajo sello, manteniendo confidencial la identidad del denunciante durante la fase de investigación.

Actualizaciones

Updated the list of characteristics Michigan's Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act protects to include sexual orientation and gender identity or expression, added by a 2023 amendment, and removed an inaccurate 'familial status' entry that is not part of the statute's employment-discrimination text.

Verificado de forma independiente contra las fuentes primarias citadas

Ley aplicable revisada en busca de cambios recientes

Revisado y aprobado por un editor

La ley detrás de este artículo

Este artículo se apoya en 12 disposiciones legales conservadas en nuestro propio registro jurídico, cada una obtenida de la fuente oficial. Toque una sección para leer el texto vigente.

Michigan Compiled Laws

§ 15.361DefinitionsVigentecitada en 4 de nuestros artículos
As used in this act: (a) "Employee" means a person who performs a service for wages or other remuneration under a contract of hire, written or oral, express or implied. Employee includes a person employed by the state or a political subdivision of the state except state classified civil service. (b) "Employer" means a person who has 1 or more employees. Employer includes an agent of an employer and the state or a political subdivision of the state. (c) "Person" means an individual, sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, association, or any other legal entity. (d) "Public body" means all of the following: (i) A state officer, employee, agency, department, division, bureau, board, commission, council, authority, or other body in the executive branch of state government. (ii) An agency, board, commission, council, member, or employee of the legislative branch of state government. (iii) A county, city, township, village, intercounty, intercity, or regional governing body, a council, school district, special district, or municipal corporation, or a board, department, commission, council, agency, or any member or employee thereof.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Citada en 265 opiniones judiciales1980s: 121990s: 282000s: 452010s: 1012020s: 79Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: Debano-Griffin v. Lake County (Michigan Supreme Court 2013, 493 Mich. 167) · Phinney v. Perlmutter (Michigan Court of Appeals 1997, 222 Mich. App. 513) · McNEILL-MARKS v. MIDMICHIGAN MEDICAL CENTER-GRATIOT (Michigan Court of Appeals 2016, 316 Mich. App. 1)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

También citada en: Leyes de empleo a voluntad en Michigan: excepciones y sus derechos

§ 15.362Discharging, threatening, or otherwise discriminating against employee reporting violation of law, regulation, or rule prohibited; exceptionsVigentecitada en 4 de nuestros artículos
An employer shall not discharge, threaten, or otherwise discriminate against an employee regarding the employee's compensation, terms, conditions, location, or privileges of employment because the employee, or a person acting on behalf of the employee, reports or is about to report, verbally or in writing, a violation or a suspected violation of a law or regulation or rule promulgated pursuant to law of this state, a political subdivision of this state, or the United States to a public body, unless the employee knows that the report is false, or because an employee is requested by a public body to participate in an investigation, hearing, or inquiry held by that public body, or a court action.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Citada en 231 opiniones judiciales1980s: 101990s: 302000s: 342010s: 872020s: 70Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: West v. General Motors Corp. (Michigan Supreme Court 2003, 469 Mich. 177) · Whitman v. City of Burton (Michigan Supreme Court 2013, 493 Mich. 303) · Phinney v. Perlmutter (Michigan Court of Appeals 1997, 222 Mich. App. 513)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

También citada en: Leyes de Grabación en el Trabajo de Michigan: Derechos del Empleado y del Empleador (2026)

§ 15.363Civil action in circuit court for injunctive relief or actual damages; "damages" defined; clear and convincing evidence requiredVigentecitada en 4 de nuestros artículos
(1) A person who alleges a violation of this act may bring a civil action for appropriate injunctive relief, or actual damages, or both within 90 days after the occurrence of the alleged violation of this act. (2) An action commenced pursuant to subsection (1) may be brought in the circuit court for the county where the alleged violation occurred, the county where the complainant resides, or the county where the person against whom the civil complaint is filed resides or has his or her principal place of business. (3) As used in subsection (1), "damages" means damages for injury or loss caused by each violation of this act, including reasonable attorney fees. (4) An employee shall show by clear and convincing evidence that he or she or a person acting on his or her behalf was about to report, verbally or in writing, a violation or a suspected violation of a law of this state, a political subdivision of this state, or the United States to a public body.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Citada en 66 opiniones judiciales1980s: 51990s: 92000s: 102010s: 222020s: 20Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: Phinney v. Perlmutter (Michigan Court of Appeals 1997, 222 Mich. App. 513) · Anzaldua v. Neogen Corp. (Michigan Court of Appeals 2011, 292 Mich. App. 626) · Bruce Millar v. Construction Code Authority (Michigan Supreme Court 2018, 501 Mich. 233)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 15.364Court judgment; order; remedies; awarding costs of litigationVigentecitada en 3 de nuestros artículos
A court, in rendering a judgment in an action brought pursuant to this act, shall order, as the court considers appropriate, reinstatement of the employee, the payment of back wages, full reinstatement of fringe benefits and seniority rights, actual damages, or any combination of these remedies. A court may also award the complainant all or a portion of the costs of litigation, including reasonable attorney fees and witness fees, if the court determines that the award is appropriate.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Citada en 18 opiniones judiciales1980s: 31990s: 42000s: 32010s: 62020s: 2Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2022

Casos destacados: Anzaldua v. Band (Michigan Supreme Court 1998, 457 Mich. 530) · Covell v. Spengler (Michigan Court of Appeals 1985, 141 Mich. App. 76) · Theodore Cadwell v. City of Highland Park (Michigan Court of Appeals 2018)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 15.365Violation; civil fineVigentecitada en 2 de nuestros artículos
(1) A person who violates this act shall be liable for a civil fine of not more than $500.00. (2) A civil fine which is ordered pursuant to this act shall be submitted to the state treasurer for deposit in the general fund.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Citada en 3 opiniones judicialesAplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 1987

Casos destacados: Hopkins v. City of Midland (Michigan Court of Appeals 1987, 158 Mich. App. 361) · Tyrna v. Adamo, Inc (Michigan Court of Appeals 1987, 159 Mich. App. 592) · Tuttle v. Bloomfield Hills School District (Michigan Court of Appeals 1986, 156 Mich. App. 527)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 15.369Short titleVigentecitada en 2 de nuestros artículos
This act shall be known and may be cited as "the whistleblowers' protection act".

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Citada en 14 opiniones judicialesAplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: Thomas D Esordi v. MacOmb Township (Michigan Court of Appeals 2025) · Dan Martin v. City of Flat Rock Fire Department (Michigan Court of Appeals 2026) · William Kelly v. Graphic Packaging International LLC (Michigan Court of Appeals 2025)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 333.20180Health facility or agency; person making or assisting in originating, investigating, or preparing report or complaint; immunity and protection from civil or criminal liability; disclosure of identity; notice; "hospital" definedVigentecitada en 2 de nuestros artículos
(1) A person employed by or under contract to a health facility or agency or any other person acting in good faith who makes a report or complaint including, but not limited to, a report or complaint of a violation of this article or a rule promulgated under this article; who assists in originating, investigating, or preparing a report or complaint; or who assists the department in carrying out its duties under this article is immune from civil or criminal liability that might otherwise be incurred and is protected under the whistleblowers' protection act, 1980 PA 469, MCL 15.361 to 15.369. A person described in this subsection who makes or assists in making a report or complaint, or who assists the department as described in this subsection, is presumed to have acted in good faith. The immunity from civil or criminal liability granted under this subsection extends only to acts done pursuant to this article.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Referencias cruzadas en el propio texto legal: § 15.361

Citada en 7 opiniones judiciales2000s: 12010s: 32020s: 3Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2025

Casos destacados: Manzo v. Petrella & Petrella & Associates, PC (Michigan Court of Appeals 2004, 261 Mich. App. 705) · Landin v. Healthsource Saginaw, Inc. (Michigan Court of Appeals 2014, 305 Mich. App. 519) · James Stefanski v. Saginaw County 911 Communications Center Auth (Michigan Supreme Court 2025)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 37.1602Prohibited conductVigentecitada en 2 de nuestros artículos
A person or 2 or more persons shall not do the following: (a) Retaliate or discriminate against a person because the person has opposed a violation of this act, or because the person has made a charge, filed a complaint, testified, assisted, or participated in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing under this act. (b) Aid, abet, incite, compel, or coerce a person to engage in a violation of this act. (c) Attempt directly or indirectly to commit an act prohibited by this act. (d) Willfully interfere with the performance of a duty or the exercise of a power by the commission or any of its authorized representatives. (e) Willfully obstruct or prevent a person from complying with this act or an order issued. (f) Coerce, intimidate, threaten, or interfere with any person in the exercise or enjoyment of, or on account of his or her having aided or encouraged any other person in the exercise or enjoyment of, any right granted or protected by article 5.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Citada en 46 opiniones judiciales1980s: 21990s: 52000s: 52010s: 182020s: 16Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: Phillips v. Butterball Farms Co. (Michigan Supreme Court 1995, 448 Mich. 239) · Bachman v. Swan Harbour Associates (Michigan Court of Appeals 2002, 252 Mich. App. 400) · Suchodolski v. Michigan Consolidated Gas Co. (Michigan Supreme Court 1982, 412 Mich. 692)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 37.2701Prohibited conductVigentecitada en 2 de nuestros artículos
Two or more persons shall not conspire to, or a person shall not: (a) Retaliate or discriminate against a person because the person has opposed a violation of this act, or because the person has made a charge, filed a complaint, testified, assisted, or participated in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing under this act. (b) Aid, abet, incite, compel, or coerce a person to engage in a violation of this act. (c) Attempt directly or indirectly to commit an act prohibited by this act. (d) Willfully interfere with the performance of a duty or the exercise of a power by the commission or 1 of its members or authorized representatives. (e) Willfully obstruct or prevent a person from complying with this act or an order issued or rule promulgated under this act. (f) Coerce, intimidate, threaten, or interfere with a person in the exercise or enjoyment of, or on account of his or her having aided or encouraged any other person in the exercise or enjoyment of, any right granted or protected by this act.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Citada en 185 opiniones judiciales1980s: 91990s: 192000s: 232010s: 552020s: 79Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: Barrett v. Kirtland Community College (Michigan Court of Appeals 2001, 245 Mich. App. 306) · Rymal v. Baergen (Michigan Court of Appeals 2004, 686 N.W.2d 241) · Major v. Village of Newberry (Michigan Court of Appeals 2016, 316 Mich. App. 527)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 400.610aCivil action in name of state; initiation; complaint; intervention; pleadings; discovery; stay; alternative remedy; award; share of proceeds; court finding of frivolous claim; civil fineVigentecitada en 2 de nuestros artículos
(1) Any person may bring a civil action in the name of this state under this section to recover losses that this state suffers from a violation of this act. A suit filed under this section shall not be dismissed unless the attorney general has been notified and had an opportunity to appear and oppose the dismissal. The attorney general waives the opportunity to oppose the dismissal if it is not exercised within 28 days of receiving notice. (2) If a person other than the attorney general initiates an action under this section, the complaint shall remain under seal and the clerk shall not issue the summons for service on the defendant until after the time for the attorney general's election under subsection (3) expires. At the time of filing the complaint, the person shall serve a copy of the complaint on the attorney general and shall disclose, in writing, substantially all material evidence and information in the person's possession supporting the complaint to the attorney general. (3) The attorney general may elect to intervene in an action under this section.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Citada en 8 opiniones judiciales2010s: 42020s: 4Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2024

Casos destacados: State of Michigan Ex Rel Marcia Gurganus v. Cvs Caremark Corp (Michigan Supreme Court 2014, 496 Mich. 45) · Lawrence Russell v. City of Detroit (Michigan Court of Appeals 2017) · People of Michigan v. Xun Wang (Michigan Supreme Court 2020)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 408.1065Discharging or discriminating against employee prohibited; complaint; investigation; order; notice; review; finality of determination; parties; hearings officers; conduct of proceedings; determination as final disposition; judicial review; venue; civil action to enforce order; powers of director of laborVigentecitada en 2 de nuestros artículos
(1) A person shall not discharge an employee or in any manner discriminate against an employee because the employee filed a complaint or instituted or caused to be instituted a proceeding under or regulated by this act or has testified or is about to testify in such a proceeding or because of the exercise by the employee on behalf of himself or herself or others of a right afforded by this act. (2) An employee who believes that he or she was discharged or otherwise discriminated against by a person in violation of this section may file a complaint with the department of labor alleging the discrimination within 30 days after the violation occurs. Upon receipt of the complaint, the department of labor shall cause an investigation to be made as it considers appropriate. If, upon the investigation, the department determines that this section was violated, the department shall order all appropriate relief, including rehiring or reinstatement of an employee to his or her former position with back pay. (3) The director of labor, within 90 days after the receipt of a complaint filed under this section, shall notify the complainant of the determination under subsection (2).

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Citada en 23 opiniones judiciales1980s: 71990s: 42000s: 42010s: 12020s: 7Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: Schwartz v. Michigan Sugar Co. (Michigan Court of Appeals 1981, 106 Mich. App. 471) · Ohlsen v. Dst Industries, Inc (Michigan Court of Appeals 1981, 111 Mich. App. 580) · Tyrna v. Adamo, Inc (Michigan Court of Appeals 1987, 159 Mich. App. 592)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 408.483Discrimination; complaint; investigation; rehiring or reinstatement of employee with back pay; review of determinationVigentecitada en 2 de nuestros artículos
(1) An employer shall not discharge an employee or discriminate against an employee because the employee filed a complaint, instituted or caused to be instituted a proceeding under or regulated by this act, testified or is about to testify in a proceeding, or because of the exercise by the employee on behalf of an employee or others of a right afforded by this act. (2) An employee who believes that he or she is discharged or otherwise discriminated against by an employer in violation of this section may file a complaint with the department alleging the discrimination within 30 days after the violation occurs. Upon receipt of the complaint, the department shall cause an investigation to be made. If, upon the investigation, the department determines that this section was violated, the department shall order the rehiring or reinstatement of an employee to his or her former position with back pay. (3) An employer may seek review of the department's determination by following the procedure provided in section 11(4) to (9).

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Citada en 9 opiniones judiciales1980s: 11990s: 32000s: 02010s: 22020s: 3Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2023

Casos destacados: Ramos v. Intercare Cmty. Health Network (Michigan Court of Appeals 2018, 323 Mich. App. 136) · Joel Ramos v. Intercare Community Health Network (Michigan Court of Appeals 2018) · Cockels v. International Business Expositions, Inc (Michigan Court of Appeals 1987, 159 Mich. App. 30)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

Busque en nuestro registro completo de la ley de EE. UU.: 2.1 millones de secciones, todos los estados y la ley federal

Fuentes y referencias

  1. Ley de Protección al Denunciante de Michigan (Ley 469 de 1980)(legislature.mi.gov).gov
  2. MCL 15.362 - Represalia prohibida del empleador(legislature.mi.gov).gov
  3. MCL 15.363 - Demanda civil y daños(legislature.mi.gov).gov
  4. MCL 15.364 - Soluciones judiciales(legislature.mi.gov).gov
  5. MCL 15.365 - Multa civil por violaciones(legislature.mi.gov).gov
  6. Stefanski v. Saginaw County 911 Communications Center Authority (2025)(law.justia.com)
  7. MCL 37.2701 - Protecciones contra represalias de la Ley de Derechos Civiles Elliott-Larsen(legislature.mi.gov).gov
  8. MCL 408.1065 - Protecciones contra represalias de MIOSHA(legislature.mi.gov).gov
  9. MCL 333.20180 - Protecciones para denunciantes trabajadores de la salud(legislature.mi.gov).gov
  10. MCL 408.483 - Protecciones contra represalias de la Ley de Pago de Salarios(legislature.mi.gov).gov
  11. MCL 37.1602 - Protecciones contra represalias de la Ley de Derechos Civiles de Personas con Discapacidad(legislature.mi.gov).gov
  12. MCL 400.610a - Ley de Reclamos Falsos de Medicaid de Michigan(legislature.mi.gov).gov
  13. Ley Pública 52 de 2025 - Ley Uniforme de Protección de la Expresión Pública (Anti-SLAPP)(legislature.mi.gov).gov
  14. Programa de Denunciantes de la SEC(sec.gov).gov
  15. Programa de Protección al Denunciante de OSHA(osha.gov).gov
Compartir: