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Leyes de Michigan sobre Mordeduras de Perro: Responsabilidad y Derechos de la Víctima

Por Equipo Editorial de Recording Law15 min de lectura
Leyes de Michigan sobre Mordeduras de Perro: Responsabilidad y Derechos de la Víctima

Preguntas frecuentes

¿Michigan sigue la regla de la primera mordida para las mordeduras de perro?

No. Michigan es un estado de responsabilidad estricta bajo MCL 287.351. Los dueños de perros son responsables por las lesiones por mordedura incluso si el perro nunca ha mordido a nadie antes. La víctima no necesita probar que el dueño sabía que el perro era peligroso.

¿Cuál es el plazo de prescripción para un reclamo por mordedura de perro en Michigan?

Michigan da a las víctimas de mordedura de perro 3 años desde la fecha de la mordedura para presentar una demanda, según lo establece MCL 600.5805. Los menores de edad pueden tener plazos extendidos, y los reclamos contra entidades gubernamentales pueden requerir notificación anticipada.

¿Puedo demandar por una mordedura de perro si tuve parte de la culpa?

Bajo el estatuto de responsabilidad estricta de Michigan, las únicas defensas reconocidas son la provocación y el allanamiento. Si usted estaba legalmente presente y no provocó al perro, el dueño es responsable sin importar otras circunstancias. La negligencia comparativa generalmente no aplica a los reclamos de responsabilidad estricta por mordedura de perro.

¿Qué sanciones penales puede enfrentar un dueño de perro en Michigan?

Bajo la Ley de Animales Peligrosos (MCL 287.321-287.323), un dueño cuyo perro peligroso causa una lesión grave enfrenta un cargo por delito grave con hasta 4 años de prisión y una multa mínima de $2,000. Si el perro causa la muerte, el dueño puede ser acusado de homicidio involuntario, lo cual conlleva hasta 15 años de prisión.

¿Puede un propietario ser responsable por la mordedura del perro de un inquilino en Michigan?

Un propietario no es automáticamente responsable bajo el estatuto de responsabilidad estricta porque no es el dueño del perro. Sin embargo, un propietario puede ser considerado responsable bajo la negligencia del derecho consuetudinario si sabía que el perro del inquilino era peligroso, tenía la autoridad para remover al perro y no tomó acción razonable para proteger a otros.

¿Lesionado en Michigan? Obtenga una revisión gratuita del caso con un abogado de lesiones personales

Si la negligencia de otra persona causó su lesión, podría tener derecho a compensación por gastos médicos, salarios perdidos y dolor y sufrimiento. Obtenga una revisión gratuita y sin compromiso de un abogado de lesiones personales en Michigan. La mayoría trabaja por honorarios contingentes, así que no hay costo inicial.

Actualizaciones

Corrected the claimed 'K-9 Exception': MCL 287.351's strict liability statute contains no police/military-dog carve-out (its only exceptions are provocation and unlawful entry). Any shield for police K-9 handling comes from the separate Governmental Tort Liability Act (MCL 691.1407), not from the dog-bite statute itself.

Ley aplicable revisada en busca de cambios recientes

La ley detrás de este artículo

Este artículo se apoya en 6 disposiciones legales conservadas en nuestro propio registro jurídico, cada una obtenida de la fuente oficial. Toque una sección para leer el texto vigente.

Michigan Compiled Laws

§ 287.321DefinitionsVigentecitada en 2 de nuestros artículos
As used in this act: (a) "Dangerous animal" means a dog or other animal that bites or attacks a person, or a dog that bites or attacks and causes serious injury or death to another dog while the other dog is on the property or under the control of its owner. However, a dangerous animal does not include any of the following: (i) An animal that bites or attacks a person who is knowingly trespassing on the property of the animal's owner. (ii) An animal that bites or attacks a person who provokes or torments the animal. (iii) An animal that is responding in a manner that an ordinary and reasonable person would conclude was designed to protect a person if that person is engaged in a lawful activity or is the subject of an assault. (iv) Livestock. (b) "Livestock" means animals used for human food and fiber or animals used for service to human beings. Livestock includes, but is not limited to, cattle, swine, sheep, llamas, goats, bison, equine, poultry, and rabbits. Livestock does not include animals that are human companions, such as dogs and cats. (c) "Owner" means a person who owns or harbors a dog or other animal.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Citada en 10 opiniones judiciales1990s: 12000s: 12010s: 42020s: 4Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2023

Casos destacados: People v. Janes (Michigan Court of Appeals 2013, 302 Mich. App. 34) · People of Michigan v. Debra Olney (Michigan Court of Appeals 2017) · Brans v. Extrom (Michigan Court of Appeals 2005, 266 Mich. App. 216)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 287.322Sworn complaint; summons; surrender of animal; expense; rabies vaccination and license required; destruction of animal; notification of animal control authority; ordering owner of animals to take certain actionsVigentecitada en 2 de nuestros artículos
(1) Upon a sworn complaint that an animal is a dangerous animal and has caused serious injury or death to an individual or has caused serious injury or death to a dog, a district court magistrate, district court, or municipal court shall issue a summons to the owner ordering him or her to appear to show cause why the animal should not be destroyed. (2) Upon the filing of a sworn complaint as provided in subsection (1), the district court magistrate, district court, or municipal court shall order the owner to immediately turn the animal over to an animal control authority, incorporated humane society, veterinarian, or boarding kennel, at the owner's option, to be retained until a hearing is held and a decision is made for the disposition of the animal. The owner shall notify the person that retains the animal under this subsection of the complaint and order. The owner is responsible for the expense of the boarding and retention of the animal. The animal must not be returned to the owner until the animal has a current rabies vaccination and license as required by law.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Citada en 5 opiniones judiciales2010s: 12020s: 4Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2024

Casos destacados: People of Michigan v. Amanda Ashleigh-Marie Reed (Michigan Court of Appeals 2021) · Michelle Reid v. Katrina Kramer (Michigan Court of Appeals 2019) · Crandall v. Newaygo, County of (District Court, W.D. Michigan 2023)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 287.323Owner guilty of involuntary manslaughter, felony, or misdemeanor; penalty; costsVigentecitada en 2 de nuestros artículos
(1) The owner of an animal that meets the definition of a dangerous animal in section 1(a) that causes the death of a person is guilty of involuntary manslaughter, punishable under section 321 of the Michigan penal code, Act No. 328 of the Public Acts of 1931, being section 750.321 of the Michigan Compiled Laws. (2) If an animal that meets the definition of a dangerous animal in section 1(a) attacks a person and causes serious injury other than death, the owner of the animal is guilty of a felony, punishable by imprisonment for not more than 4 years, a fine of not less than $2,000.00, or community service work for not less than 500 hours, or any combination of these penalties. (3) If an animal previously adjudicated to be a dangerous animal attacks or bites a person and causes an injury that is not a serious injury, the owner of the animal is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment for not more than 90 days, a fine of not less than $250.00 nor more than $500.00, or community service work for not less than 240 hours, or any combination of these penalties.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Citada en 8 opiniones judiciales1990s: 12000s: 02010s: 42020s: 3Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2025

Casos destacados: People v. Janes (Michigan Court of Appeals 2013, 302 Mich. App. 34) · People v. Trotter (Michigan Court of Appeals 1995, 209 Mich. App. 244) · People of Michigan v. Debra Olney (Michigan Court of Appeals 2017)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 287.351Person bitten by dog; liability of ownerVigentecitada en 3 de nuestros artículos
(1) If a dog bites a person, without provocation while the person is on public property, or lawfully on private property, including the property of the owner of the dog, the owner of the dog shall be liable for any damages suffered by the person bitten, regardless of the former viciousness of the dog or the owner's knowledge of such viciousness. (2) A person is lawfully on the private property of the owner of the dog within the meaning of this act if the person is on the owner's property in the performance of any duty imposed upon him or her by the laws of this state or by the laws or postal regulations of the United States, or if the person is on the owner's property as an invitee or licensee of the person lawfully in possession of the property unless said person has gained lawful entry upon the premises for the purpose of an unlawful or criminal act.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Citada en 45 opiniones judiciales1970s: 61980s: 41990s: 72000s: 112010s: 62020s: 11Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: Taylor v. Mobley (Michigan Court of Appeals 2008, 279 Mich. App. 309) · Hill v. Sacka (Michigan Court of Appeals 2003, 256 Mich. App. 443) · Carolyn Sue Kelsey v. Nita Lint (Michigan Court of Appeals 2017)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 600.2959Comparative fault; reduced damagesVigentecitada en 14 de nuestros artículos
In an action based on tort or another legal theory seeking damages for personal injury, property damage, or wrongful death, the court shall reduce the damages by the percentage of comparative fault of the person upon whose injury or death the damages are based as provided in section 6306 or 6306a, as applicable. If that person's percentage of fault is greater than the aggregate fault of the other person or persons, whether or not parties to the action, the court shall reduce economic damages by the percentage of comparative fault of the person upon whose injury or death the damages are based as provided in section 6306 or 6306a, as applicable, and noneconomic damages shall not be awarded.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Citada en 32 opiniones judiciales2000s: 62010s: 112020s: 15Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2025

Casos destacados: Johnnie F Shinholster v. Annapolis Hosp (Michigan Supreme Court 2004) · Lamp v. Reynolds (Michigan Court of Appeals 2002, 249 Mich. App. 591) · Susan Blackwell v. Dean Franchi (Michigan Supreme Court 2018, 914 N.W.2d 900)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

También citada en: Leyes de Accidentes de Auto de Michigan: Sin Culpa, Niveles de PIP y su Reclamo, Leyes de negligencia médica en Michigan (2026): Plazos y límites, Leyes sobre accidentes de motocicleta en Michigan (2026): Plazos y cascos

§ 600.5805Injuries to persons or property; period of limitations; "adjudication," "criminal sexual conduct," and "dating relationship" definedVigentecitada en 19 de nuestros artículos
(1) A person shall not bring or maintain an action to recover damages for injuries to persons or property unless, after the claim first accrued to the plaintiff or to someone through whom the plaintiff claims, the action is commenced within the periods of time prescribed by this section. (2) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the period of limitations is 3 years after the time of the death or injury for all actions to recover damages for the death of a person or for injury to a person or property. (3) Subject to subsections (4) to (6), the period of limitations is 2 years for an action charging assault, battery, or false imprisonment. (4) Subject to subsection (6), the period of limitations is 5 years for an action charging assault or battery brought by a person who has been assaulted or battered by his or her spouse or former spouse, an individual with whom he or she has had a child in common, or a person with whom he or she resides or formerly resided.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Citada en 1,140 opiniones judiciales1960s: 51970s: 1111980s: 1961990s: 1452000s: 1712010s: 1852020s: 327Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: Rory v. Continental Insurance (Michigan Supreme Court 2005, 473 Mich. 457) · Walters v. Nadell (Michigan Supreme Court 2008, 481 Mich. 377) · Garg v. MacOmb County Community Mental Health Services (Michigan Supreme Court 2005, 472 Mich. 263)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

También citada en: Leyes de Difamación en Michigan: Libelo y Calumnia (2026), Leyes de resbalones y caídas en Michigan: la responsabilidad del propietario tras Kandil-Elsayed, Plazo de Prescripción en Michigan: Plazos de Presentación por Tipo de Caso

Explore la ley

Las leyes citadas arriba hacen referencia a estas secciones relacionadas en su propio texto:

Leyes relacionadas para lectura adicional; no forman parte de las citas de este artículo.

Busque en nuestro registro completo de la ley de EE. UU.: 2.1 millones de secciones, todos los estados y la ley federal

Fuentes y referencias

  1. MCL 287.351 - Dog Bite Strict Liability Statute(legislature.mi.gov).gov
  2. Act 426 of 1988 - Dangerous Animals Act(legislature.mi.gov).gov
  3. MCL 287.321 - Dangerous Animal Definitions(legislature.mi.gov).gov
  4. MCL 287.322 - Dangerous Animal Proceedings(legislature.mi.gov).gov
  5. MCL 600.5805 - Statute of Limitations for Personal Injury(legislature.mi.gov).gov
  6. MCL 600.2959 - Comparative Fault(legislature.mi.gov).gov
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