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Cómo Verificar si Su Registro Fue Eliminado (Expungement)

Cómo Verificar si Su Registro Fue Eliminado (Expungement)

Actualizaciones

Ley aplicable revisada en busca de cambios recientes

Se reconstruyó la sección sobre certificados de inocencia porque ningún estado usa un solo 'Certificado de Inocencia Real': ahora explica el proceso de California (determinación de inocencia fáctica, Cal. Penal Code 851.8) y el de Washington D.C. (moción posterior a la condena, D.C. Code 22-4135); se agregó la eliminación automática tipo 'clean slate' de Míchigan (MCL 780.621g); se reemplazó la lista genérica de delitos no elegibles por ejemplos verificados de Míchigan y California; se matizó el acceso de las agencias del orden público como sujeto a excepciones legales limitadas; y se corrigió la descripción de la Freedom of Information Act.

Verificado de forma independiente contra las fuentes primarias citadas

Actualizado para mayor precisión: se corrigieron siete enlaces rotos que quedaron de la migración desde WordPress, se corrigió una cita que combinaba texto de Illinois con un estatuto de Massachusetts, se reemplazó un enlace externo fuera de tema y un enlace de baja autoridad a una aplicación, se corrigió una afirmación inexacta sobre las verificaciones de antecedentes de nivel 2 del FBI, se actualizó terminología obsoleta y se agregaron enlaces internos a las guías estatales de eliminación de antecedentes del sitio.

La ley detrás de este artículo

Este artículo se apoya en 7 disposiciones legales conservadas en nuestro propio registro jurídico, cada una obtenida de la fuente oficial. Toque una sección para leer el texto vigente.

California Penal Code

§ 1203.4Vigentecitada en 5 de nuestros artículos
(a) (1) When a defendant has fulfilled the conditions of probation for the entire period of probation, or has been discharged prior to the termination of the period of probation, or in any other case in which a court, in its discretion and the interest of justice, determines that a defendant should be granted the relief available under this section, the defendant shall, at any time after the termination of the period of probation, if they are not then serving a sentence for an offense, on probation for an offense, or charged with the commission of an offense, be permitted by the court to withdraw their plea of guilty or plea of nolo contendere and enter a plea of not guilty; or, if they have been convicted after a plea of not guilty, the court shall set aside the verdict of guilty; and, in either case, the court shall thereupon dismiss the accusations or information against the defendant and except as noted below, the defendant shall thereafter be released from all penalties and disabilities resulting from the offense of which they have been convicted, except as provided in Section 13555 of the Vehicle Code.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-28 · Lea la sección completa en leginfo.legislature.ca.gov

Citada en 440 opiniones judiciales1940s: 51950s: 91960s: 231970s: 361980s: 271990s: 362000s: 812010s: 1402020s: 83Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: People v. Dueñas (California Court of Appeal, 5th District 2019, 242 Cal. Rptr. 3d 268) · People v. Banks (California Supreme Court 1959, 53 Cal. 2d 370) · Opdyk v. California Horse Racing Board (California Court of Appeal 1995, 34 Cal. App. 4th 1826)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 851.8Vigente
(a) In any case where a person has been arrested and no accusatory pleading has been filed, the person arrested may petition the law enforcement agency having jurisdiction over the offense to destroy its records of the arrest. A copy of the petition shall be served upon the prosecuting attorney of the county or city having jurisdiction over the offense. The law enforcement agency having jurisdiction over the offense, upon a determination that the person arrested is factually innocent, shall, with the concurrence of the prosecuting attorney, seal its arrest records, and the petition for relief under this section for three years from the date of the arrest and thereafter destroy its arrest records and the petition. The law enforcement agency having jurisdiction over the offense shall notify the Department of Justice, and any law enforcement agency that arrested the petitioner or participated in the arrest of the petitioner for an offense for which the petitioner has been found factually innocent under this subdivision, of the sealing of the arrest records and the reason therefor.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-28 · Lea la sección completa en leginfo.legislature.ca.gov

Citada en 73 opiniones judiciales1970s: 31980s: 31990s: 72000s: 172010s: 182020s: 25Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: Kerner v. Superior Court (California Court of Appeal 2012, 206 Cal. App. 4th 84) · People v. Matthews (California Court of Appeal 1992, 7 Cal. App. 4th 1052) · Tennison v. California Victim Compensation & Government Claims Board (California Court of Appeal 2007, 62 Cal. Rptr. 3d 88)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

Code of the District of Columbia, Title 22: Criminal Offenses and Penalties. - Chapter 41A: DNA Testing and Post-Conviction Relief for Innocent Persons.

§ 22-4135Motion to vacate a conviction or grant a new trial on the ground of actual innocence.Vigente
(a) A person convicted of a criminal offense in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia may move the court to vacate the conviction or to grant a new trial on grounds of actual innocence based on new evidence. (b) Notwithstanding the time limits in any other provision of law, a motion for relief under this section may be made at any time. (c) The motion shall set forth specific, non-conclusory facts: (1) Identifying the specific new evidence; (2) Establishing how that evidence demonstrates that the movant is actually innocent despite having been convicted at trial or having pled guilty; and (3) Establishing why the new evidence is not cumulative or impeaching. (1) The motion shall include an affidavit by the movant, under penalty of perjury, stating that movant is actually innocent of the crime that is the subject of the motion, and that the new evidence was not deliberately withheld by the movant for purposes of strategic advantage. (2) The denial of a motion for relief under this section shall not be admissible in any prosecution based on the filing of a false affidavit.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en github.com

Citada en 15 opiniones judiciales2010s: 102020s: 5Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: JOEL CASTON v. UNITED STATES (District of Columbia Court of Appeals 2016, 146 A.3d 1082) · Williams v. United States (District of Columbia Court of Appeals 2018, 187 A.3d 559) · Faltz v. United States (District of Columbia Court of Appeals 2024)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

United States Code Title 15

§ 1681eCompliance proceduresVigentecitada en 4 de nuestros artículos
Every consumer reporting agency shall maintain reasonable procedures designed to avoid violations of section 1681c of this title and to limit the furnishing of consumer reports to the purposes listed under section 1681b of this title. These procedures shall require that prospective users of the information identify themselves, certify the purposes for which the information is sought, and certify that the information will be used for no other purpose. Every consumer reporting agency shall make a reasonable effort to verify the identity of a new prospective user and the uses certified by such prospective user prior to furnishing such user a consumer report. No consumer reporting agency may furnish a consumer report to any person if it has reasonable grounds for believing that the consumer report will not be used for a purpose listed in section 1681b of this title. Whenever a consumer reporting agency prepares a consumer report it shall follow reasonable procedures to assure maximum possible accuracy of the information concerning the individual about whom the report relates.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-28 · Lea la sección completa en uscode.house.gov

Citada en 1,128 opiniones judiciales1970s: 131980s: 291990s: 452000s: 1362010s: 1792020s: 726Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: TransUnion LLC v. Ramirez (Supreme Court of the United States 2021, 594 U.S. 413) · Pintos v. PACIFIC CREDITORS ASS'N (Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 2010, 605 F.3d 665) · Sandra Cortez v. Trans Union (Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit 2010, 617 F.3d 688)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 1681iProcedure in case of disputed accuracyVigentecitada en 3 de nuestros artículos
Subject to subsection (f) and except as provided in subsection (g), if the completeness or accuracy of any item of information contained in a consumer’s file at a consumer reporting agency is disputed by the consumer and the consumer notifies the agency directly, or indirectly through a reseller, of such dispute, the agency shall, free of charge, conduct a reasonable reinvestigation to determine whether the disputed information is inaccurate and record the current status of the disputed information, or delete the item from the file in accordance with paragraph (5), before the end of the 30-day period beginning on the date on which the agency receives the notice of the dispute from the consumer or reseller. Except as provided in subparagraph (C), the 30-day period described in subparagraph (A) may be extended for not more than 15 additional days if the consumer reporting agency receives information from the consumer during that 30-day period that is relevant to the reinvestigation.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-28 · Lea la sección completa en uscode.house.gov

Citada en 1,003 opiniones judiciales1970s: 91980s: 191990s: 322000s: 1242010s: 1682020s: 651Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: Carvalho v. Equifax Information Services, LLC (Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 2010, 629 F.3d 876) · Sandra Cortez v. Trans Union (Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit 2010, 617 F.3d 688) · Renie Guimond v. Trans Union Credit Information Company (Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 1995, 45 F.3d 1329)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

United States Code Title 5

§ 552Public information; agency rules, opinions, orders, records, and proceedingsVigentecitada en 35 de nuestros artículos
Each agency shall make available to the public information as follows: Each agency shall separately state and currently publish in the Federal Register for the guidance of the public— descriptions of its central and field organization and the established places at which, the employees (and in the case of a uniformed service, the members) from whom, and the methods whereby, the public may obtain information, make submittals or requests, or obtain decisions; statements of the general course and method by which its functions are channeled and determined, including the nature and requirements of all formal and informal procedures available; rules of procedure, descriptions of forms available or the places at which forms may be obtained, and instructions as to the scope and contents of all papers, reports, or examinations; substantive rules of general applicability adopted as authorized by law, and statements of general policy or interpretations of general applicability formulated and adopted by the agency; and each amendment, revision, or repeal of the foregoing.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-28 · Lea la sección completa en uscode.house.gov

Citada en 11,434 opiniones judiciales1960s: 401970s: 9851980s: 16991990s: 15282000s: 17452010s: 30212020s: 2416Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. v. Wilderness Society (Supreme Court of the United States 1975, 421 U.S. 240) · Consumer Product Safety Commission v. GTE Sylvania, Inc. (Supreme Court of the United States 1980, 447 U.S. 102) · Taylor v. Sturgell (Supreme Court of the United States 2008, 553 U.S. 880)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

Michigan Compiled Laws

§ 780.621gSetting aside certain convictions without application; requirements; exceptions; implementation date; reinstatement; "crime of dishonesty" definedVigentecitada en 4 de nuestros artículos
(1) Beginning 2 years after the effective date of the amendatory act that added this section and subject to any necessary appropriation, a misdemeanor conviction for an offense for which the maximum punishment is imprisonment for not more than 92 days is set aside under this section without the filing of an application under section 1 if 7 years have passed from the imposition of the sentence. Each court shall notify the arresting law enforcement agency of each conviction on or before the tenth day of each month that is set aside under this subsection for the preceding month. Each law enforcement agency need not retain and shall make nonpublic the notification that the conviction has been set aside, and the record of the arrest, fingerprinting, conviction, and sentence of the person in the case to which the notification applies.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-30 · Lea la sección completa en legislature.mi.gov

Citada en 3 opiniones judicialesAplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2025

Casos destacados: People of Michigan v. Christopher Shane Babcock (Michigan Court of Appeals 2025) · People of Michigan v. Jeffrey Duane Tull (Michigan Court of Appeals 2024) · People of Michigan v. Monica Rannay Pulliam (Michigan Court of Appeals 2024)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

También citada en: Leyes de eliminación de antecedentes en Michigan: como funciona la anulación de condenas bajo MCL 780.621

Busque en nuestro registro completo de la ley de EE. UU.: 2.1 millones de secciones, todos los estados y la ley federal

Fuentes y referencias

  1. California Penal Code section 851.8 (petición para una determinación de inocencia fáctica)(leginfo.legislature.ca.gov).gov
  2. D.C. Code section 22-4135 (moción para anular la condena por motivos de inocencia real)(code.dccouncil.gov).gov
  3. 15 U.S.C. 1681e(b), requisito de exactitud de la Fair Credit Reporting Act(govinfo.gov).gov
  4. 15 U.S.C. 1681i, procedimiento en caso de disputa sobre la exactitud(govinfo.gov).gov
  5. LawHelp.org, directorio de ayuda legal sin fines de lucro de Pro Bono Net(lawhelp.org)
  6. Michigan Compiled Laws 780.621g, que deja sin efecto condenas sin necesidad de una solicitud(legislature.mi.gov).gov
  7. Michigan Attorney General, Expungement Assistance (plazos, límites y delitos excluidos de Clean Slate)(michigan.gov).gov
  8. California Penal Code section 1203.4, recurso de anulación de condena y sus delitos excluidos(leginfo.legislature.ca.gov).gov
  9. Florida Statutes section 435.04, estándares de verificación de nivel 2(leg.state.fl.us).gov
  10. Florida Department of Law Enforcement, agencias autorizadas a acceder a registros sellados y eliminados(fdle.state.fl.us).gov
  11. 5 U.S.C. 552, Freedom of Information Act (Ley de Libertad de Información)(govinfo.gov).gov
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