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Leyes de Protección al Denunciante de Virginia: Protecciones y Cómo Reportar

Leyes de Protección al Denunciante de Virginia: Protecciones y Cómo Reportar

Preguntas frecuentes

¿La ley de protección al denunciante de Virginia protege a los empleados del sector privado?

Sí. Desde el 1 de julio de 2020, el Va. Code 40.1-27.3 ofrece amplias protecciones al denunciante para los empleados del sector privado, incluyendo trabajadores de tiempo completo y de medio tiempo. No cubre a los empleados de gobiernos estatales y locales, quienes están protegidos en cambio bajo la Ley de Protección al Denunciante contra el Fraude y el Abuso, independiente. Esto representó una expansión significativa respecto a la ley anterior, que ofrecía protecciones limitadas para los trabajadores del sector privado.

¿Puedo presentar una demanda qui tam en Virginia?

Sí. La Ley de Fraude Contra los Contribuyentes de Virginia permite a los ciudadanos particulares presentar demandas qui tam en nombre de la Mancomunidad contra entidades que defrauden al estado. Si tiene éxito, los denunciantes pueden recibir entre el 15% y el 30% de los fondos recuperados.

¿Cuánto tiempo tengo para presentar una reclamación por represalias contra un denunciante en Virginia?

Bajo la ley general de protección al denunciante (Va. Code 40.1-27.3), tiene un año a partir de la acción de represalia. Las reclamaciones bajo la Ley de Protección al Denunciante contra el Fraude y el Abuso (para empleados estatales y denunciantes ciudadanos) deben presentarse dentro de tres años. Las reclamaciones por represalias de compensación laboral tienen un plazo de dos años. Las quejas de seguridad ocupacional deben presentarse dentro de los 60 días. Las demandas qui tam generalmente deben presentarse dentro de los seis años posteriores a la violación.

¿Estoy protegido si reporto una violación únicamente a mi supervisor?

Sí. A diferencia de algunos estados, la ley de protección al denunciante de Virginia de 2020 protege específicamente a los empleados que reportan violaciones a un supervisor, no solo a organismos gubernamentales externos o a las fuerzas del orden. El reporte debe hacerse de buena fe.

¿Qué remedios están disponibles por represalias contra un denunciante en Virginia?

Bajo la ley general de protección al denunciante, puede solicitar reparación mediante mandato judicial, reincorporación, salarios y beneficios perdidos con intereses, y honorarios razonables de abogados. La Ley de Protección al Denunciante contra el Fraude y el Abuso añade sanciones civiles de $500 a $2,500 contra los empleadores infractores.

Actualizaciones

Corrected a coverage inversion repeated across the page: Va. Code 40.1-27.3 covers private-sector employees only, not both public and private employees, confirmed by the 2025 veto of a bill (SB 2098) that would have extended it to public employees. Also added the Fraud and Abuse Whistleblower Protection Act's own three-year filing deadline and its 10% whistleblower reward provision, which the page previously omitted.

Verificado de forma independiente contra las fuentes primarias citadas; ley aplicable revisada en busca de cambios recientes

Ley aplicable revisada en busca de cambios recientes

Ley aplicable revisada en busca de cambios recientes

Revisado y aprobado por un editor

La ley detrás de este artículo

Este artículo se apoya en 9 disposiciones legales conservadas en nuestro propio registro jurídico, cada una obtenida de la fuente oficial. Toque una sección para leer el texto vigente.

Code of Virginia, Title 2.2: Administration of Government

§ 2.2-3010DefinitionsVigente
As used in this chapter: "Abuse" means an employer's or employee's conduct or omissions that result in substantial misuse, destruction, waste, or loss of funds or resources belonging to or derived from federal, state, or local government sources. "Appropriate authority" means a federal, state, or local agency or organization having jurisdiction over criminal law enforcement, regulatory violations, professional conduct or ethics, or abuse; or a member, officer, agent, representative, or supervisory employee of the agency or organization. The term also includes the Office of the Attorney General, the Office of the State Inspector General, and the General Assembly and its committees having the power and duty to investigate criminal law enforcement, regulatory violations, professional conduct or ethics, or abuse. "Employee" means any person who is regularly employed full time on either a salaried or wage basis, whose tenure is not restricted as to temporary or provisional appointment, in the service of and whose compensation is payable, no more often than biweekly, in whole or in part, by a governmental agency.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-29 · Lea la sección completa en law.lis.virginia.gov

Citada en 10 opiniones judiciales2010s: 22020s: 8Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: Silverman v. Town of Blackstone (District Court, E.D. Virginia 2011, 843 F. Supp. 2d 624) · Supinger v. Virginia (District Court, W.D. Virginia 2016, 167 F. Supp. 3d 795) · Wood v. Bristol Virginia Utility Authority (District Court, W.D. Virginia 2023)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 2.2-3010.1Discrimination and retaliatory actions against citizen whistle blowers prohibited; good faith required; other remediesVigente
A. No governmental agency may threaten or otherwise discriminate or retaliate against a citizen whistle blower because the whistle blower is requested or subpoenaed by an appropriate authority to participate in an investigation, hearing, or inquiry by an appropriate authority or in a court action. B. To be protected by the provisions of this chapter, a citizen of the Commonwealth who discloses information about suspected wrongdoing or abuse shall do so in good faith and upon a reasonable belief that the information is accurate. Disclosures that are reckless or that the citizen knew or should have known were false, confidential by law, or malicious shall not be deemed good faith reports and shall not be protected. C. Any citizen whistle blower disclosing information of wrongdoing or abuse under this chapter where the disclosure results in a recovery of at least $5,000 may file a claim for reward under the Fraud and Abuse Whistle Blower Reward Fund established in § 2.2-3014. D. Except for the provisions of subsection F of § 2.2-3011, nothing in this chapter shall be construed to limit the remedies provided by the Virginia Fraud Against Taxpayers Act (§ 8.01-216.1 et seq.).

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-29 · Lea la sección completa en law.lis.virginia.gov

§ 2.2-3011Discrimination and retaliatory actions against whistle blowers prohibited; good faith required; remediesVigente
A. No employer may discharge, threaten, or otherwise discriminate or retaliate against a whistle blower whether acting on his own or through a person acting on his behalf or under his direction. B. No employer may discharge, threaten, or otherwise discriminate or retaliate against a whistle blower, in whole or in part, because the whistle blower is requested or subpoenaed by an appropriate authority to participate in an investigation, hearing, or inquiry by an appropriate authority or in a court action. C. To be protected by the provisions of this chapter, an employee who discloses information about suspected wrongdoing or abuse shall do so in good faith and upon a reasonable belief that the information is accurate. Disclosures that are reckless or the employee knew or should have known were false, confidential by law, or malicious shall not be deemed good faith reports and shall not be protected. D. In addition to the remedies provided in § 2.2-3012, any whistle blower may bring a civil action for violation of this section in the circuit court of the jurisdiction where the whistle blower is employed.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-29 · Lea la sección completa en law.lis.virginia.gov

Citada en 14 opiniones judiciales2010s: 32020s: 11Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: Slack v. Wash. Metro. Area Transit Auth. (Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit 2018, 325 F. Supp. 3d 146) · Slack v. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (District Court, District of Columbia 2018) · Silverman v. Town of Blackstone (District Court, E.D. Virginia 2011, 843 F. Supp. 2d 624)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

Code of Virginia, Title 40.1: Labor and Employment

§ 40.1-27.3Retaliatory action against employee prohibitedVigente
A. An employer shall not discharge, discipline, threaten, discriminate against, or penalize an employee, or take other retaliatory action regarding an employee's compensation, terms, conditions, location, or privileges of employment, because the employee: 1. Or a person acting on behalf of the employee in good faith reports a violation of any federal or state law or regulation to a supervisor or to any governmental body or law-enforcement official; 2. Is requested by a governmental body or law-enforcement official to participate in an investigation, hearing, or inquiry; 3. Refuses to engage in a criminal act that would subject the employee to criminal liability; 4. Refuses an employer's order to perform an action that violates any federal or state law or regulation and the employee informs the employer that the order is being refused for that reason; or 5. Provides information to or testifies before any governmental body or law-enforcement official conducting an investigation, hearing, or inquiry into any alleged violation by the employer of federal or state law or regulation. B. This section does not: 1.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-29 · Lea la sección completa en law.lis.virginia.gov

Citada en 41 opiniones judicialesAplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: Wimmer (District Court, W.D. Virginia 2026) · Kaywan (District Court, E.D. Virginia 2026) · DePaolis (District Court, E.D. Virginia 2026)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 40.1-51.2:1Discrimination against employee for exercising rights prohibitedVigente
No person shall discharge or in any way discriminate against an employee because the employee has filed a safety or health complaint or has testified or otherwise acted to exercise rights under the safety and health provisions of this title for themselves or others.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-29 · Lea la sección completa en law.lis.virginia.gov

Citada en 15 opiniones judiciales1990s: 12000s: 32010s: 22020s: 9Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: McFarland v. Virginia Retirement Services of Chesterfield, L.L.C. (District Court, E.D. Virginia 2007, 477 F. Supp. 2d 727) · Supinger v. Virginia (District Court, W.D. Virginia 2016, 167 F. Supp. 3d 795) · Dunn v. Bergen Brunswig Drug Co. (District Court, E.D. Virginia 1994, 848 F. Supp. 645)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

Code of Virginia, Title 54.1: Professions and Occupations

§ 54.1-515Employer discrimination; penaltyVigente
Any employer who discriminates against or otherwise penalizes an employee who complains to or cooperates with the Board or any other governmental agency in administering this chapter is subject to the penalties in § 54.1-517.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-29 · Lea la sección completa en law.lis.virginia.gov

Code of Virginia, Title 63.2: Welfare (Social Services)

§ 63.2-1730Retaliation or discrimination against complainantsVigente
No assisted living facility, adult day center or child welfare agency may retaliate or discriminate in any manner against any person who (i) in good faith complains or provides information to, or otherwise cooperates with, the Department or any other agency of government or any person or entity operating under contract with an agency of government, having responsibility for protecting the rights of residents of assisted living facilities, participants in adult day centers or children in child welfare agencies, (ii) attempts to assert any right protected by state or federal law, or (iii) assists any person in asserting such right.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-29 · Lea la sección completa en law.lis.virginia.gov

Citada en 1 opiniones judicialesAplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2007

Casos destacados: McFarland v. Virginia Retirement Services of Chesterfield, L.L.C. (District Court, E.D. Virginia 2007, 477 F. Supp. 2d 727)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 63.2-1731Retaliation against reports of child or adult abuse or neglectVigente
No assisted living facility, adult day center or child welfare agency may retaliate in any manner against any person who in good faith reports adult or child abuse or neglect pursuant to Chapter 15 (§ 63.2-1500 et seq.) of this title or Article 2 (§ 63.2-1603 et seq.) of Chapter 16 of this title.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-29 · Lea la sección completa en law.lis.virginia.gov

Code of Virginia, Title 65.2: Workers' Compensation

§ 65.2-308Discharge of employee for exercising rights prohibited; civil action; reliefVigente
A. No employer or person shall discharge an employee solely because the employee intends to file or has filed a claim under this title or has testified or is about to testify in any proceeding under this title. The discharge of a person who has filed a fraudulent claim is not a violation of this section. B. The employee may bring an action in a circuit court having jurisdiction over the employer or person who allegedly discharged the employee in violation of this section. The court shall have jurisdiction, for cause shown, to restrain violations and order appropriate relief, including actual damages and attorney's fees to successful claimants and the rehiring or reinstatement of the employee, with back pay plus interest at the judgment rate as provided in § 6.2-302.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-29 · Lea la sección completa en law.lis.virginia.gov

Citada en 9 opiniones judiciales1990s: 32000s: 32010s: 02020s: 3Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2024

Casos destacados: Taylor v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (District Court, E.D. Virginia 2005, 376 F. Supp. 2d 653) · Warner v. Buck Creek Nursery, Inc. (District Court, W.D. Virginia 2001, 149 F. Supp. 2d 246) · Sutter v. First Union National Bank of Virginia, Inc. (District Court, E.D. Virginia 1996, 932 F. Supp. 753)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

Busque en nuestro registro completo de la ley de EE. UU.: 2.1 millones de secciones, todos los estados y la ley federal

Fuentes y referencias

  1. Va. Code 40.1-27.3 - Prohibición de represalias contra el empleado(law.lis.virginia.gov).gov
  2. Va. Code 2.2-3011 - Ley de Protección al Denunciante contra el Fraude y el Abuso(law.lis.virginia.gov).gov
  3. Va. Code 2.2-3010.1 - Protecciones para denunciantes ciudadanos(law.lis.virginia.gov).gov
  4. Va. Code 40.1-51.2:1 - Protecciones de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional(law.lis.virginia.gov).gov
  5. Va. Code 65.2-308 - Protecciones contra represalias de compensación laboral(law.lis.virginia.gov).gov
  6. Va. Code 54.1-515 - Protecciones para contratistas de asbesto, plomo e inspección de viviendas(law.lis.virginia.gov).gov
  7. Va. Code 63.2-1730 - Protecciones para instalaciones de enfermería y de vida asistida(law.lis.virginia.gov).gov
  8. Va. Code 63.2-1731 - Protecciones para el reporte de abuso y negligencia(law.lis.virginia.gov).gov
  9. Spilman Thomas & Battle - Entendiendo las Leyes de Protección al Denunciante de Virginia y Cómo los Empleadores Pueden Evitar Demandas(spilmanlaw.com)
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