Wyoming Defamation Laws: Libel & Slander (2026)

In Wyoming, defamation is a civil claim covering both libel and slander, and you generally have one year to sue under Wyoming Statute Section 1-3-105(a)(v)(A). Wyoming has no anti-SLAPP statute, and a separate chapter of the code, Title 1, Chapter 29, addresses libel and slander broadcasting and limits damages in some broadcast cases.

This guide is part of our Defamation Laws by State series. For the basics of the claim itself, see what defamation of character means.

What counts as defamation in Wyoming?

Defamation in Wyoming is a false statement of fact that harms a person's reputation, and a plaintiff must generally prove a false and defamatory statement about the plaintiff, an unprivileged publication to a third party, the required degree of fault, and either special damages or that the statement is actionable on its face. Truth is a complete defense, because a true statement cannot satisfy the falsity element. Statements of pure opinion that cannot be proven true or false are protected, although an opinion that implies undisclosed false facts may still be actionable. The statement must reasonably be understood as referring to the plaintiff, and it must reach at least one person other than the plaintiff. Wyoming follows the general common-law framework for defamation, drawing on Restatement principles that its courts have applied in dismissing claims that fail to show falsity, fault, or a defamatory meaning. Because the claim turns on a provably false assertion of fact, isolating the exact statement and showing it is false is the first step in any Wyoming case.

Libel vs slander in Wyoming

Wyoming treats libel and slander as the two forms of defamation, distinguished by how the statement is communicated. Libel is defamation in a fixed or lasting form, such as writing, printing, a picture, or an online post, while slander is spoken defamation that is transitory. Both forms share the same one-year limitations period under Wyoming Statute Section 1-3-105(a)(v)(A), which expressly lists libel and slander together. Online content, including a defamatory review, a social media post, an email, or a blog comment, is generally treated as libel in Wyoming because it is recorded in a fixed form. The form still matters for analyzing damages: historically slander required proof of special damages unless it fit a recognized per se category, while libel was more readily treated as actionable on its face. Wyoming also has a dedicated broadcasting chapter, Title 1, Chapter 29, that addresses defamation in radio and television broadcasts and limits damages in some of those cases, so the medium of publication can affect both the analysis and the recoverable damages.

Defamation per se in Wyoming

Wyoming recognizes defamation per se, meaning some statements are so inherently damaging that reputational harm is presumed without specific proof of loss. The categories generally tracked by Wyoming courts, consistent with the common-law tradition, are statements that impute a crime, statements that impute a loathsome or communicable disease, statements that impute unchastity or sexual misconduct, and statements that injure the plaintiff in their business, trade, profession, or office. When a statement fits one of these categories, the plaintiff ordinarily does not need to prove a precise dollar amount to establish reputational injury. Statements that do not fit a per se category, sometimes called per quod, require the plaintiff to plead and prove actual, special damages, such as lost income or lost business. The constitutional rules from Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. still apply, so where a media defendant and a matter of public concern are involved, the availability of presumed damages can be constrained absent the required showing of fault. Matching the statement to a recognized category therefore shapes both what the plaintiff must prove and what damages may be available.

Watch out: Wyoming Statute Section 1-29-103 limits recovery to actual damages for defamation made as part of a visual or sound broadcast unless additional fault is alleged and proved. A per se label does not override that statutory cap on broadcast defamation.

The statute of limitations to sue for defamation in Wyoming

The statute of limitations for defamation in Wyoming is one year, set by Wyoming Statute Section 1-3-105(a)(v)(A), which provides that an action for libel or slander must be brought within one year. This is among the shortest deadlines in the country, so prompt action is essential. The clock generally begins to run when the defamatory statement is published, meaning communicated to a third party. For mass-media and online content, the single-publication principle generally treats one edition, broadcast, or posting as a single cause of action that accrues at first publication rather than restarting with each new view. Because Wyoming gives plaintiffs only one year, and because the broadcasting chapter and the absence of an anti-SLAPP statute add their own complications, anyone considering a Wyoming defamation claim should preserve evidence immediately, identify the publication date, and avoid assuming the deadline restarts every time a post is viewed. Missing the one-year window will ordinarily bar the claim regardless of its merits.

Wyoming's anti-SLAPP law

Wyoming does not have an anti-SLAPP statute. A SLAPP, or strategic lawsuit against public participation, is a meritless suit filed to silence or punish protected speech, and many states give defendants a special motion to dismiss such suits early and recover attorney fees. Wyoming provides no such statutory tool, which means a defendant who is sued for speaking on a matter of public concern cannot file an expedited special motion, cannot rely on an automatic discovery stay, and generally cannot recover mandatory attorney fees simply for prevailing. Instead, Wyoming defendants must defend on the merits using ordinary procedural devices such as a motion to dismiss or a motion for summary judgment, along with substantive defenses like truth, opinion, privilege, and the constitutional actual-malice standard for public-figure plaintiffs. Wyoming remains one of a small group of states without any anti-SLAPP law. Lawmakers have considered anti-SLAPP legislation in recent sessions, and a legislative committee has worked on drafting a bill, but no anti-SLAPP statute has become law in Wyoming as of 2026.

Public figures and actual malice

A plaintiff's status as a public or private figure controls the fault standard, and this rule comes from federal constitutional law that applies the same way in Wyoming. Under New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964), a public official suing over statements about official conduct must prove actual malice, meaning the defendant knew the statement was false or acted with reckless disregard for whether it was true. Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc., 418 U.S. 323 (1974), extended the actual-malice requirement to public figures, people who have achieved general fame or who have voluntarily entered a public controversy. Private individuals are treated more favorably. Wyoming courts generally require a private plaintiff to prove that the defendant was at least negligent regarding the truth of the statement, a lower bar than actual malice. Determining which category a plaintiff occupies is frequently the central dispute in a Wyoming case, because it sets how hard the plaintiff must work to prove fault and whether punitive damages are realistically available.

Damages you can recover in Wyoming

Damages in a Wyoming defamation case fall into familiar categories, with a notable statutory limit for broadcasts. Special damages are specific, provable economic losses, such as lost wages, lost customers, or lost business opportunities. General or presumed damages compensate for harm to reputation and emotional distress, and for statements that fit a per se category, reputational harm may be presumed without proof of a precise figure. Punitive or exemplary damages may be available where the plaintiff shows the heightened fault that Wyoming law requires for such awards, and they are subject to Wyoming's general limits on punitive damages. The broadcasting chapter adds an important cap: Wyoming Statute Section 1-29-103 generally limits a complaining party to the actual damages alleged and proved for defamation published or uttered as part of a visual or sound broadcast, unless additional fault is shown. Courts have generally held that the claimed harm must be connected to the defamatory statement itself rather than to unrelated circumstances, so causation remains a live issue even when damages are presumed.

How to sue for defamation in Wyoming

Bringing a defamation claim in Wyoming generally follows a sequence, though every situation differs and this is general information, not legal advice. A common first step is a cease-and-desist or correction demand that identifies the false statement and asks for its removal or a retraction. Preserving evidence is essential: save the statement, the publication date, URLs, screenshots, the names of anyone who saw it, and any records of economic harm. The plaintiff then files a complaint in the appropriate Wyoming district court within the one-year deadline in Wyoming Statute Section 1-3-105(a)(v)(A), stating the false statements, the basis for fault, the harm, and the grounds for jurisdiction. If the statement was part of a radio or television broadcast, the plaintiff should account for the damage limits in Wyoming Statute Section 1-29-103. Because Wyoming has no anti-SLAPP statute to shift fees, and because the one-year window is short, many plaintiffs and defendants consult a licensed Wyoming attorney early to evaluate the claim and the available defenses.