Wyoming Defamation Laws: Libel & Slander (2026)

In Wyoming, defamation is a civil claim covering both libel and slander, and you generally have one year to sue under Wyoming Statute Section 1-3-105(a)(v)(A). Wyoming has no anti-SLAPP statute, and a separate chapter of the code, Title 1, Chapter 29, sets out special damage rules for broadcasts along with two statutory fair-report privileges.

This guide is part of our Defamation Laws by State series. For the basics of the claim itself, see what defamation of character means.

What counts as defamation in Wyoming?

Defamation in Wyoming is a false statement of fact that harms a person's reputation, and a plaintiff must generally prove a false and defamatory statement about the plaintiff, an unprivileged publication to a third party, the required degree of fault, and either special damages or that the statement is actionable on its face. Truth is a complete defense, because a true statement cannot satisfy the falsity element. Statements of pure opinion that cannot be proven true or false are protected, although an opinion that implies undisclosed false facts may still be actionable. The statement must reasonably be understood as referring to the plaintiff, and it must reach at least one person other than the plaintiff. Wyoming follows the general common-law framework for defamation, drawing on Restatement principles that its courts have applied in dismissing claims that fail to show falsity, fault, or a defamatory meaning. Because the claim turns on a provably false assertion of fact, isolating the exact statement and showing it is false is the first step in any Wyoming case.

Libel vs slander in Wyoming

Wyoming treats libel and slander as the two forms of defamation, distinguished by how the statement is communicated. Libel is defamation in a fixed or lasting form, such as writing, printing, a picture, or an online post, while slander is spoken defamation that is transitory. Both forms share the same one-year limitations period under Wyoming Statute Section 1-3-105(a)(v)(A), which expressly lists libel and slander together. Online content, including a defamatory review, a social media post, an email, or a blog comment, is generally treated as libel in Wyoming because it is recorded in a fixed form. The form still matters for analyzing damages: historically slander required proof of special damages unless it fit a recognized per se category, while libel was more readily treated as actionable on its face. Wyoming's libel and slander chapter, Title 1, Chapter 29, also carries medium-specific rules: Sections 1-29-101 through 1-29-103 govern radio and television broadcasts and allow a complaining party only the actual damages alleged and proved, so the medium of publication can affect both the analysis and the recoverable damages.

Defamation per se in Wyoming

Wyoming recognizes defamation per se, meaning some statements are so inherently damaging that reputational harm is presumed without specific proof of loss. The categories generally tracked by Wyoming courts, consistent with the common-law tradition, are statements that impute a crime, statements that impute a loathsome or communicable disease, statements that impute unchastity or sexual misconduct, and statements that injure the plaintiff in their business, trade, profession, or office. When a statement fits one of these categories, the plaintiff ordinarily does not need to prove a precise dollar amount to establish reputational injury. Statements that do not fit a per se category, sometimes called per quod, require the plaintiff to plead and prove actual, special damages, such as lost income or lost business. The constitutional rules from Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. still apply, so where a media defendant and a matter of public concern are involved, the availability of presumed damages can be constrained absent the required showing of fault. Matching the statement to a recognized category therefore shapes both what the plaintiff must prove and what damages may be available.

Watch out: Wyoming Statute Section 1-29-103 allows a complaining party only the actual damages alleged and proved for defamation made as part of a visual or sound broadcast, and the statute states no exception to that limit. A per se label does not override it.

The statute of limitations to sue for defamation in Wyoming

The statute of limitations for defamation in Wyoming is one year, set by Wyoming Statute Section 1-3-105(a)(v)(A), which provides that an action for libel or slander must be brought within one year. This is among the shortest deadlines in the country, so prompt action is essential. The clock generally begins to run when the defamatory statement is published, meaning communicated to a third party. For mass-media and online content, the single-publication principle generally treats one edition, broadcast, or posting as a single cause of action that accrues at first publication rather than restarting with each new view. Because Wyoming gives plaintiffs only one year, and because Chapter 29 and the absence of an anti-SLAPP statute add their own complications, anyone considering a Wyoming defamation claim should preserve evidence immediately, identify the publication date, and avoid assuming the deadline restarts every time a post is viewed. Missing the one-year window will ordinarily bar the claim regardless of its merits.

Wyoming's anti-SLAPP law

Wyoming does not have an anti-SLAPP statute. A SLAPP, or strategic lawsuit against public participation, is a meritless suit filed to silence or punish protected speech, and many states give defendants a special motion to dismiss such suits early and recover attorney fees. Wyoming provides no such statutory tool, which means a defendant who is sued for speaking on a matter of public concern cannot file an expedited special motion, cannot rely on an automatic discovery stay, and generally cannot recover mandatory attorney fees simply for prevailing. Instead, Wyoming defendants must defend on the merits using ordinary procedural devices such as a motion to dismiss or a motion for summary judgment, along with substantive defenses like truth, opinion, privilege, and the constitutional actual-malice standard for public-figure plaintiffs. Wyoming remains one of a small group of states without any anti-SLAPP law. Lawmakers have considered anti-SLAPP legislation in recent sessions, and a legislative committee has worked on drafting a bill, but no anti-SLAPP statute has become law in Wyoming as of 2026.

Two statutory privileges in Chapter 29 do give Wyoming defendants a substantive defense, and neither is limited to broadcasters. Under Wyoming Statute Section 1-29-104, publishing a fair and impartial report of proceedings before state or municipal legislative or executive bodies, boards, or officers, or a fair synopsis of a document presented, filed, or issued in such a proceeding, is privileged unless it is proved that the publication was made maliciously. Under Wyoming Statute Section 1-29-105, the same protection covers a fair and impartial report of an indictment, the issuing of a warrant, the arrest of a person accused of crime, or the filing of any pleading or other document in a criminal or civil case. That privilege is lost if the plaintiff proves the report was published maliciously, that the defendant refused or neglected to publish the plaintiff's reasonable written explanation or contradiction in the same manner, or that the publisher refused a request to publish the later determination of the case. These fair-report privileges are the statutory defenses most likely to matter to a news outlet, a blogger, or anyone repeating what is in a court file or a public meeting record.

Public figures and actual malice

A plaintiff's status as a public or private figure controls the fault standard, and this rule comes from federal constitutional law that applies the same way in Wyoming. Under New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964), a public official suing over statements about official conduct must prove actual malice, meaning the defendant knew the statement was false or acted with reckless disregard for whether it was true. Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc., 418 U.S. 323 (1974), extended the actual-malice requirement to public figures, people who have achieved general fame or who have voluntarily entered a public controversy. Private individuals are treated more favorably. Wyoming courts generally require a private plaintiff to prove that the defendant was at least negligent regarding the truth of the statement, a lower bar than actual malice. Determining which category a plaintiff occupies is frequently the central dispute in a Wyoming case, because it sets how hard the plaintiff must work to prove fault and whether punitive damages are realistically available.

Damages you can recover in Wyoming

Damages in a Wyoming defamation case fall into familiar categories, with a notable statutory limit for broadcasts. Outside that broadcast limit, our defamation damages calculator can give a rough range estimate for a Wyoming claim from the details you enter. Special damages are specific, provable economic losses, such as lost wages, lost customers, or lost business opportunities. General or presumed damages compensate for harm to reputation and emotional distress, and for statements that fit a per se category, reputational harm may be presumed without proof of a precise figure. Punitive or exemplary damages may be available where the plaintiff shows the heightened fault that Wyoming law requires for such awards, and they are subject to Wyoming's general limits on punitive damages. Chapter 29 adds an important limit: Wyoming Statute Section 1-29-103 provides that in an action for damages for a defamatory statement published or uttered in or as part of a visual or sound broadcast, the complaining party is allowed only the actual damages alleged and proved. The statute sets out no exception to that limit. Courts have generally held that the claimed harm must be connected to the defamatory statement itself rather than to unrelated circumstances, so causation remains a live issue even when damages are presumed.

How to sue for defamation in Wyoming

Bringing a defamation claim in Wyoming generally follows a sequence, though every situation differs and this is general information, not legal advice. A common first step is a cease-and-desist or correction demand that identifies the false statement and asks for its removal or a retraction. Preserving evidence is essential: save the statement, the publication date, URLs, screenshots, the names of anyone who saw it, and any records of economic harm. The plaintiff then files a complaint in the appropriate Wyoming district court within the one-year deadline in Wyoming Statute Section 1-3-105(a)(v)(A), stating the false statements, the basis for fault, the harm, and the grounds for jurisdiction. If the statement was part of a radio or television broadcast, the plaintiff should account for the damage limits in Wyoming Statute Section 1-29-103. Because Wyoming has no anti-SLAPP statute to shift fees, and because the one-year window is short, many plaintiffs and defendants consult a licensed Wyoming attorney early to evaluate the claim and the available defenses.

How to Sue for Defamation of Character in Wyoming

To bring a defamation of character claim in Wyoming, a plaintiff generally must file within one year of the statement under Wyo. Stat. 1-3-105(a)(v), which lists libel and slander among the one-year actions. Defamation suits are filed in the district court for the county where the defendant lives or where the harm occurred; circuit court handles small claims up to $6,000, though defamation usually needs a regular civil filing. The elements you must prove and the defenses available, including truth, opinion, and privilege, follow the standard national defamation rules covered in our main guide.

• Statute of limitations: 1 year (Wyo. Stat. 1-3-105(a)(v))
• Where to file: District court (circuit court small claims up to $6,000)
• Damages: No general cap on defamation damages, but Wyo. Stat. 1-29-103 allows only the actual damages alleged and proved for defamation in a visual or sound broadcast; otherwise standard compensatory and, where warranted, punitive damages
• Anti-SLAPP: None. Wyoming has no anti-SLAPP statute, so a defendant facing a meritless suit over protected speech must rely on ordinary motions to dismiss rather than a fast-track special motion.

Is defamation a crime in Wyoming? No. Wyoming has no general criminal-defamation statute, so defamation is pursued as a civil claim only.

For the full step-by-step, see How to Sue for Defamation of Character.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Can I sue for defamation in Wyoming?

Yes. Wyoming recognizes claims for libel and slander. You must prove a false, unprivileged statement about you, published to a third party, with the required fault and either special damages or a statement actionable on its face, and you must file within one year under Wyo. Stat. Section 1-3-105.

How long do I have to sue for defamation in Wyoming?

One year. Wyo. Stat. Section 1-3-105(a)(v)(A) sets a one-year limitations period for libel and slander, generally measured from the date of publication.

Is Wyoming a one-year defamation state?

Yes. Libel and slander are listed in the one-year category under Wyo. Stat. Section 1-3-105(a)(v)(A), making Wyoming one of the shorter-deadline states for defamation.

What is defamation per se in Wyoming?

Defamation per se covers statements so inherently harmful that reputational injury is presumed, generally imputing a crime, a loathsome disease, unchastity, or harm to the plaintiff's business, trade, or profession. Statements outside these categories require proof of actual, special damages.

Does Wyoming have an anti-SLAPP law?

No. Wyoming has no anti-SLAPP statute, so defendants cannot file a special early-dismissal motion or recover mandatory attorney fees for prevailing. They must defend on the merits using truth, opinion, privilege, and the constitutional actual-malice standard.

Can I sue over a bad online review in Wyoming?

Possibly. A review that states a false fact about you can be defamatory and is generally treated as libel because it is in a fixed form. A review that conveys only honest opinion is protected, and you would still have to prove the other elements and file within one year.

Is truth a defense to defamation in Wyoming?

Yes. Truth is a complete defense. Falsity is an element of the claim, so a statement that is substantially true cannot be defamatory in Wyoming.

What is the difference between libel and slander in Wyoming?

Libel is defamation in a fixed form such as writing, a picture, or an online post, while slander is spoken. Both share the one-year deadline under Wyo. Stat. Section 1-3-105, but the form can affect the damages analysis, and broadcasts are subject to the damage limit in Section 1-29-103.