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Leyes de Denunciantes de Alabama: Protecciones y Cómo Denunciar

Por Equipo Editorial de Recording LawRevisado 9 de agosto de 202617 min de lectura
Leyes de Denunciantes de Alabama: Protecciones y Cómo Denunciar

Preguntas frecuentes

¿Alabama tiene una ley de protección al denunciante para empleados del sector privado?

Alabama no tiene una ley general de protección al denunciante para empleados del sector privado. Los trabajadores privados reciben protección limitada solo en tres áreas: oponerse a la discriminación por edad (Ala. Code § 25-1-28), reportar violaciones de trabajo infantil (Ala. Code § 25-8-57), y presentar reclamaciones de compensación laboral o reportar violaciones de seguridad (Ala. Code § 25-5-11.1). Las leyes federales de protección al denunciante pueden brindar protección adicional dependiendo de la situación.

¿Cuánto tiempo tengo para presentar una reclamación por represalias contra denunciantes en Alabama?

Bajo la ley estatal de Alabama, debe presentar una demanda civil dentro de los dos años posteriores a la acción de represalia. Alabama no le permite presentar una reclamación a través de una agencia administrativa estatal. Para reclamaciones federales de denunciantes, los plazos varían: 30 días para quejas bajo la Sección 11(c) de OSHA, 180 días para reclamaciones bajo Sarbanes-Oxley, y hasta tres años para reclamaciones por represalias bajo la Ley de Reclamos Falsos.

¿Qué remedios están disponibles para los denunciantes de Alabama que enfrentan represalias?

Los empleados estatales protegidos por la Ley de Protección al Empleado Estatal pueden recibir salarios atrasados, salarios futuros y daños compensatorios. Los empleados del sector privado pueden recibir daños compensatorios y punitivos bajo la excepción estatutaria aplicable. La ley federal puede brindar remedios adicionales, incluyendo la reincorporación, el doble del pago de salarios atrasados con intereses, y honorarios de abogados bajo la Ley de Reclamos Falsos.

¿Puedo presentar un reporte anónimo de denunciante en Alabama?

Depende del tipo de reporte. Los reportes de fraude de Medicaid a la División de Integridad del Programa de la Agencia de Medicaid de Alabama pueden hacerse de forma anónima llamando al 1-866-452-4930. Sin embargo, las quejas ante la Comisión de Ética de Alabama deben ser escritas y firmadas. Los reportes bajo la Ley de Protección al Empleado Estatal deben hacerse bajo juramento o en forma de declaración jurada, lo cual requiere revelar su identidad.

¿Alabama tiene una ley de reclamos falsos o qui tam que ofrezca recompensas económicas a los denunciantes?

Alabama no tiene una Ley de Reclamos Falsos estatal. Sin embargo, la Ley de Reclamos Falsos federal se aplica en Alabama y permite a las personas presentar demandas qui tam contra entidades que defraudan al gobierno federal. Los denunciantes exitosos pueden recibir entre el 15 y el 30 por ciento de la recuperación total del gobierno. Estos casos comúnmente involucran fraude en la facturación de Medicare y Medicaid.

Actualizaciones

Se corrigió una viñeta de KeyTakeaways que afirmaba un plazo general de dos años para todas las reclamaciones por represalias contra denunciantes en Alabama; los plazos en realidad varían según el estatuto, desde 30 días (OSHA) hasta tres años (False Claims Act), como ya mostraba la propia tabla de protecciones federales del artículo.

La ley detrás de este artículo

Este artículo se apoya en 9 disposiciones legales conservadas en nuestro propio registro jurídico, cada una obtenida de la fuente oficial. Toque una sección para leer el texto vigente.

Code of Alabama 1975, Title 25: Industrial Relations and Labor.

§ 25-1-28Unlawful Employment Practices - Opposition to Employer.Vigente
It is an unlawful employment practice for an employer, labor organization, employment agency, or joint labor-management committee to discriminate against an individual because that individual has opposed any practice which is an unlawful employment practice under this article, or because that individual has made a charge, testified, assisted, or participated in any manner in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing under this article.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-29 · Lea la sección completa en alison.legislature.state.al.us

Citada en 2 opiniones judicialesAplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2020

Casos destacados: Bonham v. Regions Mortgage, Inc. (District Court, M.D. Alabama 2001, 129 F. Supp. 2d 1315) · Johnson v. La Petite Academy, Inc. (District Court, N.D. Alabama 2020)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 25-5-11.1Employee Not to Be Terminated Solely for Action to Recover Benefits nor for Filing Notice of Safety Rule Violation.Vigentecitada en 2 de nuestros artículos
No employee shall be terminated by an employer solely because the employee has instituted or maintained any action against the employer to recover workers’ compensation benefits under this chapter or solely because the employee has filed a written notice of violation of a safety rule pursuant to subdivision (c)(4) of Section 25-5-11.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-29 · Lea la sección completa en alison.legislature.state.al.us

Citada en 110 opiniones judiciales1980s: 21990s: 642000s: 242010s: 172020s: 3Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: Continental Eagle Corp. v. Mokrzycki (Supreme Court of Alabama 1992, 611 So. 2d 313) · Consolidated Stores, Inc. v. Gargis (Court of Civil Appeals of Alabama 1996, 686 So. 2d 268) · Dunlop Tire Corp. v. Allen (Supreme Court of Alabama 1998, 725 So. 2d 960)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 25-8-57Discrimination Prohibited Against Persons Disclosing Information, Making Charges, Refusing to Obey Illegal Orders, Etc.Vigente
(a) No person shall discriminate against any individual because the individual has opposed any act or practice made unlawful by this chapter or because the individual made a charge, testified, assisted, or participated in any manner in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing under this chapter. (b) No employer, agent of an employer, or any other person shall discharge or otherwise discipline, threaten, harass, blacklist, or in any other manner discriminate against an applicant, employee, former employee, or any other person because that individual disclosed any information not prohibited from disclosure by statute, refused to obey an illegal order, or in any other manner not prohibited by statute challenged or revealed any violation of this chapter.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-29 · Lea la sección completa en alison.legislature.state.al.us

§ 25-8-59Penalties; Notice of Violation and Opportunity to Show Cause; Hearing. (Amended by Act 2026-539)Vigente
AMENDED BY ACT 2026-539, EFFECTIVE OCTOBER 1, 2026. SEE ACT FOR REVISED LANGUAGE. (a) Any employer who violates this chapter, or who fails or refuses to obey within a reasonable time any lawful order or direction given by the state officials charged with the enforcement of this chapter, and any parent, guardian, or custodian who suffers or permits an individual under his or her care or control who is under 19 years of age to work in violation of this chapter, shall be subject to civil penalties in addition to other penalties provided in this chapter. (b) The department may impose a civil penalty of not less than three hundred dollars ($300) upon a determination that an employer has violated a statutory provision of Section 25-8-35(a)(17), 25-8-36, 25-8-37, 25-8-38, 25-8-39, 25-8-40, 25-8-41, 25-8-44(a), 25-8-44(b), 25-8-45, 25-8-54, 25-8-57, 25-8-60, or 25-8-61. (c) The department shall impose a civil penalty of five thousand dollars ($5,000) to ten thousand dollars ($10,000) upon a determination that an employer has violated a statutory provision of Section 25-8-33, 25-8-35(a)(1) through 25-8-35(a)(16), 25-8-43(a), or 25-8-44(d).

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-29 · Lea la sección completa en alison.legislature.state.al.us

Code of Alabama 1975, Title 36: Public Officers and Employees.

§ 36-25-1Definitions.Vigente
Whenever used in this chapter, the following words and terms shall have the following meanings: (1) BUSINESS. Any corporation, partnership, proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association, organization, self-employed individual, or any other legal entity. (2) BUSINESS WITH WHICH THE PERSON IS ASSOCIATED. Any business of which the person or a member of his or her family is an officer, owner, partner, board of director member, employee, or holder of more than five percent of the fair market value of the business. (3) CANDIDATE. This term as used in this chapter shall have the same meaning ascribed to it in Section 17-5-2. (4) COMMISSION. The State Ethics Commission. (5) COMPLAINT. Written allegation or allegations that a violation of this chapter has occurred. (6) COMPLAINANT. A person who alleges a violation or violations of this chapter by filing a complaint against a respondent. (7) CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION. A complaint filed pursuant to this chapter, together with any statement, conversations, knowledge of evidence, or information received from the complainant, witness, or other person related to such complaint. (8) CONFLICT OF INTEREST.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-29 · Lea la sección completa en alison.legislature.state.al.us

Citada en 13 opiniones judiciales1980s: 31990s: 52000s: 32010s: 02020s: 2Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2022

Casos destacados: Hipps v. Lauderdale County Bd. of Educ. (Court of Civil Appeals of Alabama 1993, 631 So. 2d 1023) · Lumpkin v. Cofield (Supreme Court of Alabama 1988, 536 So. 2d 62) · State Ex Rel. Pryor v. Martin (Supreme Court of Alabama 1999, 735 So. 2d 1156)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 36-26-2Definitions.Vigente
The following terms wherever used in this article shall have the meanings respectively ascribed to them in this section, unless the context plainly indicates a contrary meaning: (1) APPOINTING AUTHORITY. The officer, board, commission, person or group of persons having the power to make appointments to offices or positions of trust or employment in the state service. (2) BOARD. The State Personnel Board. (3) CLASSIFIED SERVICE. All offices or positions of trust or employment in the state service now or hereafter created except those placed in the unclassified service or exempt service by this article. (4) DIRECTOR. The State Director of Personnel. (5) EMPLOYMENT REGISTER. A record containing the names of those persons who have successfully competed in tests, have been ranked in order of their final earned average from highest to lowest and are considered qualified to hold a position in the class for which the test was held. (6) INMATE HELP. Persons committed to a state institution who have been granted special privileges and employment due to good conduct. (7) POSITION. Any office or place of employment in the state service. (8) PUBLIC HEARING.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-29 · Lea la sección completa en alison.legislature.state.al.us

§ 36-26A-3Discharge for Reporting Violation of Law Prohibited.Vigente
A supervisor shall not discharge, demote, transfer, or otherwise discriminate against a state employee regarding the state employee’s compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment if the state employee, reports, under oath or in the form of an affidavit, a violation of a law, a regulation, or a rule, promulgated pursuant to the laws of this state, or a political subdivision of this state, to a public body.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-29 · Lea la sección completa en alison.legislature.state.al.us

Citada en 2 opiniones judicialesAplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2013

Casos destacados: Flood v. State of Alabama Dept. of Indus. Relations (District Court, M.D. Alabama 1996, 948 F. Supp. 1535) · Edward R. Lane v. Central Alabama Community College (Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit 2013, 523 F. App'x 709)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

United States Code Title 31

§ 3729False claimsVigentecitada en 4 de nuestros artículos
Subject to paragraph (2), any person who— knowingly presents, or causes to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment or approval; knowingly makes, uses, or causes to be made or used, a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim; conspires to commit a violation of subparagraph (A), (B), (D), (E), (F), or (G); has possession, custody, or control of property or money used, or to be used, by the Government and knowingly delivers, or causes to be delivered, less than all of that money or property; is authorized to make or deliver a document certifying receipt of property used, or to be used, by the Government and, intending to defraud the Government, makes or delivers the receipt without completely knowing that the information on the receipt is true; knowingly buys, or receives as a pledge of an obligation or debt, public property from an officer or employee of the Government, or a member of the Armed Forces, who lawfully may not sell or pledge property; or knowingly makes, uses, or causes to be made or used, a false record or statement material to an obligation to pay or transmit money or property to the Government, or knowingly conceals or knowingly…

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-28 · Lea la sección completa en uscode.house.gov

Citada en 4,595 opiniones judiciales1980s: 771990s: 5022000s: 8472010s: 14292020s: 1740Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: United States v. Halper (Supreme Court of the United States 1989, 490 U.S. 435) · Vermont Agency of Natural Resources v. United States Ex Rel. Stevens (Supreme Court of the United States 2000, 529 U.S. 765) · United States v. Ursery (Supreme Court of the United States 1996, 518 U.S. 267)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 3730Civil actions for false claimsVigentecitada en 3 de nuestros artículos
The Attorney General diligently shall investigate a violation under section 3729. If the Attorney General finds that a person has violated or is violating section 3729, the Attorney General may bring a civil action under this section against the person. A person may bring a civil action for a violation of section 3729 for the person and for the United States Government. The action shall be brought in the name of the Government. The action may be dismissed only if the court and the Attorney General give written consent to the dismissal and their reasons for consenting. A copy of the complaint and written disclosure of substantially all material evidence and information the person possesses shall be served on the Government pursuant to Rule 4(d)(4) 1  So in original. Probably should be a reference to Rule 4(i). of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The complaint shall be filed in camera, shall remain under seal for at least 60 days, and shall not be served on the defendant until the court so orders. The Government may elect to intervene and proceed with the action within 60 days after it receives both the complaint and the material evidence and information.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-28 · Lea la sección completa en uscode.house.gov

Citada en 3,695 opiniones judiciales1980s: 361990s: 4342000s: 7332010s: 11382020s: 1354Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: United States v. Halper (Supreme Court of the United States 1989, 490 U.S. 435) · Timson v. Sampson (Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit 2008, 518 F.3d 870) · City of New York v. Mickalis Pawn Shop, LLC (Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit 2011, 645 F.3d 114)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

Explore la ley

Este artículo también se apoya en estas leyes y capítulos (abriendo en su primera sección): Code of Alabama 1975, Title 36: Public Officers and Employees. § 36-26A-1 (Short Title.)

Leyes relacionadas para lectura adicional; no forman parte de las citas de este artículo.

Busque en nuestro registro completo de la ley de EE. UU.: 2.1 millones de secciones, todos los estados y la ley federal

Fuentes y referencias

  1. Código de Alabama Título 36, Capítulo 26A - Ley de Protección a Empleados Estatales(law.justia.com)
  2. Código de Alabama - Sitio Web Oficial de la Legislatura de Alabama(alison.legislature.state.al.us).gov
  3. Ala. Code § 36-26A-3 - Prohibición de Despido por Reportar una Violación de la Ley(law.justia.com)
  4. La Ley de Reclamos Falsos - Departamento de Justicia de EE. UU.(justice.gov).gov
  5. Hoja Informativa de OSHA: Protecciones al Denunciante Bajo la Ley Sarbanes-Oxley(osha.gov).gov
  6. Programa de Protección al Denunciante Sección 11(c) de OSHA(whistleblowers.gov).gov
  7. Medicaid de Alabama - Reportar Fraude(medicaid.alabama.gov).gov
  8. Fiscalía General de Alabama - Unidad de Control de Fraude de Medicaid(ago.alabama.gov).gov
  9. Departamento de Trabajo de Alabama - Reportar Violaciones de Trabajo Infantil(adol.alabama.gov).gov
  10. Comisión de Ética de Alabama - Presentación de Quejas(ethics.alabama.gov).gov
  11. 31 U.S.C. § 3729 - Ley de Reclamos Falsos(uscode.house.gov).gov
  12. Informe del CRS: Estatutos Estatales Seleccionados sobre Protecciones al Denunciante (2026)(whistleblower.house.gov).gov
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