Bankruptcy in Arizona (2026): Exemptions & Means Test

Bankruptcy is federal law, but the property you keep when you file in Arizona is set by Arizona's exemption statutes. Arizona has opted out of the federal bankruptcy exemptions, so filers here use the Arizona list, which features one of the most generous homestead exemptions in the country at $400,000. This guide explains Arizona's exemptions, the Chapter 7 means test, and where cases are filed, with figures dated so you can confirm they are still current.

This is general legal information, not legal advice, and it does not predict the result of any individual case. Exemption amounts and median-income figures change periodically, so verify the current numbers before relying on them.

Federal vs. Arizona exemptions: an opt-out state

Exemptions decide which property you keep in bankruptcy. Federal law lets a state require its residents to use the state's own exemption list instead of the federal set in 11 U.S.C. 522(d), and Arizona has done so. Under A.R.S. 33-1133(B), residents of Arizona are not entitled to the federal exemptions in 11 U.S.C. 522(d).

This means Arizona filers cannot pick the federal exemption menu. They use the Arizona exemptions in Title 33, combined with separate non-bankruptcy federal protections (for example, Social Security and most retirement accounts). About 35 states have opted out in this way, and Arizona is one of them. A residency requirement also applies: you generally must have lived in Arizona long enough for its exemptions to govern your case.

Arizona homestead exemption

The homestead exemption protects equity in your primary residence, and Arizona's is large. Under A.R.S. 33-1101, the homestead exemption is $400,000, an amount raised by voters through Proposition 209 in 2022. The statute directs that the figure be adjusted for inflation every January 1, beginning in 2024, by the change in the Consumer Price Index, rounded up to the nearest $100, so the current amount is at or above $400,000.

The homestead applies to a house, condominium, mobile home, or similar primary residence. One important limit: the Arizona homestead is generally not doubled for a married couple filing jointly, unlike some other states. Because the figure re-indexes annually, confirm the amount in effect on your filing date before relying on it.

Motor-vehicle and personal-property exemptions

Arizona's motor-vehicle exemption is $15,000 in equity under A.R.S. 33-1125, rising to $25,000 if the debtor or a dependent has a physical disability. Like the homestead, this amount is adjusted for inflation each January 1 beginning in 2024, so verify the current figure.

For household belongings, A.R.S. 33-1123 exempts household furniture, furnishings, goods, consumer electronics, and appliances up to an aggregate $15,000. A.R.S. 33-1125 adds smaller category limits, such as wearing apparel, a wedding and engagement ring allowance, and firearms. Notably, Arizona has no general wildcard exemption, so property must fit a specific statutory category to be protected, which makes accurate exemption selection important. Wages are well protected: under A.R.S. 33-1131, only a small fraction of disposable earnings is reachable by most creditors, leaving roughly 90 percent of disposable wages exempt, which is more generous than the federal 75 percent floor.

The Chapter 7 means test in Arizona

The means test decides whether you are eligible to file Chapter 7. It first compares your household's current monthly income, annualized, with the median family income for your household size in Arizona. At or below the median, you generally pass; above it, a second disposable-income calculation determines eligibility.

The U.S. Trustee Program publishes and periodically updates the median figures. For cases filed on or after April 1, 2026, the Arizona medians are $73,935 for a household of one, $89,027 for two, $104,965 for three, and $121,174 for four, with $11,100 added for each additional person above four. These numbers change roughly twice a year, so check the current table at justice.gov/ust for your filing date.

Chapter 7 vs. Chapter 13 in Arizona

Chapter 7 is a liquidation. A trustee can sell non-exempt property to pay creditors, and most qualifying debts are discharged, usually within a few months. Because Arizona's homestead and vehicle exemptions are sizable, many filers keep their home and car, though the lack of a wildcard means stray non-exempt assets can be exposed.

Chapter 13 is a reorganization built around a three-to-five-year repayment plan, which can cure a mortgage default and protect a home from foreclosure. In either chapter, filing triggers the automatic stay under 11 U.S.C. 362, which immediately stops most collection calls, lawsuits, wage garnishment, and foreclosure while the case is pending.

Where you file in Arizona

Arizona is a single federal judicial district, so every Arizona bankruptcy is filed in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Arizona, which has divisional offices in Phoenix, Tucson, Yuma, and Flagstaff and serves the entire state. There is no separate district to choose among.

Before filing, you must complete a credit-counseling course from an approved provider, and a personal financial-management course is required before you receive a discharge. The court's local rules and forms govern the mechanics of an Arizona filing.

What bankruptcy can and cannot do

Bankruptcy discharges many common debts, including credit cards, medical bills, and personal loans. It does not erase everything. Child support and alimony, most recent taxes, and most student loans generally survive a discharge, and creditors can challenge debts tied to fraud.

Because Arizona has no wildcard and protects property only through specific categories, careful exemption planning matters, and the analysis is fact-specific. Many people consult a licensed Arizona bankruptcy attorney before filing to confirm which chapter fits and which property is protected. The figures here are current as of the dates noted; confirm the latest amounts before relying on them.