Defamation Laws
Panama Defamation Laws: Civil & Criminal
Defamation in Panama is a crime under Penal Code arts 193-194 (injuria, calumnia) plus civil liability, with higher penalties for online posts.
7 min read
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Defamation Laws
Oman Defamation Laws: Civil & Criminal
Defamation in Oman is both civil and criminal: Penal Law 2018 articles 326-329 and the Cybercrime Law for online insult and slander.
8 min read
Defamation Laws
Nepal Defamation Laws: Civil, Criminal & Defences
Defamation in Nepal is both civil and criminal: the 2017 Penal Code (ss.305 to 308) punishes slander and libel, and the Civil Code allows a damages claim.
8 min read
Defamation Laws
Mozambique Defamation Laws: Civil, Criminal & Defences
Defamation in Mozambique is civil and criminal: the 2019 Penal Code (arts 233 to 242) punishes difamacao and injuria; the Civil Code allows damages.
8 min read
Defamation Laws
Morocco Defamation Laws: Civil, Criminal & Defences
In Morocco defamation is civil and criminal. The 2016 Press Code (Law 88-13) made press defamation fine-only; the Penal Code keeps prison offences.
7 min read
Defamation Laws
Malaysia Defamation Laws: Civil & Criminal
Defamation in Malaysia is both civil (Defamation Act 1957) and criminal (Penal Code ss.499-502, up to 2 years), with online cases under CMA section 233.
7 min read
Defamation Laws
Kuwait Defamation Laws: Civil & Criminal
Defamation in Kuwait is both civil and criminal: Penal Code articles 209-210 and Cybercrime Law No. 63 of 2015 for online insult and slander.
7 min read
Defamation Laws
Jordan Defamation Laws: Criminal, Cyber & Civil
Defamation in Jordan is mainly criminal under the Penal Code (No. 16 of 1960) and the harsh 2023 Cybercrime Law, with limited civil compensation available.
7 min read
Defamation Laws
Israel Defamation Laws: Civil & Criminal
Defamation in Israel is both a civil wrong and a crime under the Prohibition of Defamation Law, 5725-1965, with damages available without proof of harm.
8 min read
Defamation Laws
Iran Defamation Laws: Civil, Criminal & Defences
In Iran defamation is mainly criminal. The Islamic Penal Code punishes defamation, qazf, and insult; the Press and Computer Crimes laws add offences.
8 min read
Defamation Laws
Iceland Defamation Laws: Civil, Criminal & Defences
In Iceland defamation is both criminal, under General Penal Code Articles 234 to 237, and civil, with damages available under the Tort Damages Act.
8 min read
Defamation Laws
Ghana Defamation Laws: Civil Only, After 2001 Repeal
Defamation in Ghana is civil only: Parliament repealed criminal libel and sedition in 2001 (Act 602), so libel and slander are now common-law tort claims.
7 min read