Defamation Laws
South Korea Defamation Laws: Civil & Criminal
Defamation in South Korea is both civil and criminal. Criminal Act Article 307 punishes even true-fact statements; cyber defamation is heavily prosecuted.
7 min read
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Defamation Laws
Slovenia Defamation Laws: Civil, Criminal & Defences
In Slovenia defamation is both criminal and civil. Criminal Code articles 158 to 162 create the offences, and the Obligations Code allows damages.
8 min read
Defamation Laws
Slovakia Defamation Laws: Civil, Criminal & Defences
In Slovakia defamation is both criminal and civil. Criminal Code section 373 (ohovaranie) punishes it, and Civil Code sections 11 to 13 allow damages.
8 min read
Defamation Laws
Romania Defamation Laws: Civil Liability & Defences
In Romania defamation is a civil matter only. Criminal defamation was repealed; the Civil Code protects dignity and reputation under articles 72 and 253.
8 min read
Defamation Laws
Portugal Defamation Laws: Civil, Criminal & Defences
In Portugal defamation is both criminal and civil. Penal Code Articles 180 to 183 punish difamacao and injuria; the Civil Code allows damages.
7 min read
Defamation Laws
Poland Defamation Laws: Civil, Criminal & Defences
In Poland defamation is both criminal and civil. Criminal Code article 212 punishes it; the Civil Code allows an injunction, apology, and compensation.
8 min read
Defamation Laws
Peru Defamation Laws: Civil & Criminal
Peru defamation is civil and criminal: injuria (Art 130), calumnia (Art 131) and difamacion (Art 132) are Penal Code crimes carrying fines or prison.
7 min read
Defamation Laws
Paraguay Defamation Laws: Civil & Criminal
Defamation in Paraguay is civil and criminal: Penal Code arts 150-152 cover calumnia, difamacion and injuria, mostly with fines, plus civil damages.
7 min read
Defamation Laws
Norway Defamation Laws: Civil-Only Since 2015 & Defences
Norway decriminalized defamation in 2015. It is now a civil-only matter under the Damages Compensation Act section 3-6a; there is no general defamation crime.
7 min read
Defamation Laws
Luxembourg Defamation Law: Civil, Criminal & Defences
In Luxembourg defamation is both criminal and civil. The Criminal Code punishes calomnie and diffamation; the 2004 media law gives a public defence.
8 min read
Defamation Laws
Latvia Defamation Laws: Civil, Criminal & Defences
In Latvia defamation is both criminal and civil. Criminal Law section 157 punishes it, and Civil Law section 2352.a allows retraction and damages.
8 min read
Defamation Laws
Indonesia Defamation Laws: Civil & Criminal
Defamation in Indonesia is both civil and criminal. The 2023 Criminal Code (effective Jan 2026) and the ITE Law govern offline and online defamation.
7 min read