New Hampshire Video Recording Laws

In New Hampshire, silent video recording is generally legal in public because RSA 570-A only governs audio interception. Any video that also captures audio requires all-party consent under RSA 570-A:2. RSA 644:9 separately bars recording in private places such as bathrooms and bedrooms, regardless of whether audio is captured.

New Hampshire's approach to video recording is shaped by two separate areas of law. The state's wiretapping statute (RSA 570-A:2) governs the audio component of any video recording, while the voyeurism and privacy statutes (RSA 644:9 and RSA 644:9-a) address visual surveillance and image sharing. Understanding both frameworks is essential for anyone who records video in the Granite State.

This guide covers silent video recording, video with audio, surveillance cameras, privacy restrictions, criminal penalties, and your rights when recording in public spaces.

How New Hampshire Law Treats Video Recording

The Audio-Video Distinction

New Hampshire's wiretapping law under RSA Chapter 570-A specifically targets the interception of telecommunications and oral communications. The statute does not directly prohibit silent visual recording. This creates an important distinction:

• Video without audio (silent surveillance footage): Not governed by RSA 570-A. This is generally legal in public and semi-public spaces, subject to privacy limitations.
• Video with audio (any recording that captures sound): Subject to the all-party consent requirement under RSA 570-A:2. Recording video that also picks up conversations requires consent from every person whose voice is captured.

This means the legality of any particular video recording often turns on a single question: does it capture audio of a private conversation?

Silent Video Recording Rules

Because RSA 570-A does not cover purely visual recording, silent video is generally permitted in New Hampshire when:

• You are recording in a public place where subjects have no reasonable expectation of visual privacy
• The recording does not capture any person in a private place as defined by RSA 644:9
• The recording is not made for the purpose of sexual gratification or to capture intimate body parts without consent
• The subjects are not in bathrooms, bedrooms, locker rooms, or changing areas

Common examples of legal silent video recording include security cameras in retail stores (with no audio), dashcams pointed at the road, and doorbell cameras capturing activity on a front porch.

Video With Audio Recording Rules

Any video recording that also captures audio in New Hampshire is subject to the full weight of the wiretapping statute. Under RSA 570-A:2:

• All-party consent is required before you may record video that captures private conversations
• Willful recording of audio without consent is a Class B felony (up to 7 years in prison, $4,000 fine)
• Knowing participant recording of audio without consent is a misdemeanor under RSA 570-A:2, I-a, presumed Class B (no jail, up to a $1,200 fine) unless the State elects Class A (up to 1 year, $2,000). A participant who records willfully, with intentional or reckless disregard for whether it is legal, commits the Class B felony (State v. Clark, 2024 N.H. 64)
• Civil liability of $100 per day or $1,000 minimum applies under RSA 570-A:11

This has significant practical implications. A home security camera that records video and audio of visitors on a porch could create legal issues if it captures private conversations. A nanny cam with a microphone in a living room raises all-party consent concerns. Even a phone video of a conversation triggers the wiretapping statute because of the audio component.

Voyeurism and Visual Privacy Laws

RSA 644:9 Violation of Privacy

New Hampshire has robust visual privacy protections under RSA 644:9. This statute prohibits specific types of visual recording regardless of whether audio is captured:

Class A Misdemeanor offenses include:

• Installing or using any device to observe, photograph, or record a person's private body parts, or their body underneath their clothing, without consent, in any location, including in public
• Placing a camera or recording device in any private place such as a bathroom, bedroom, changing room, or locker room without the consent of the people using that space

The penalty for a Class A misdemeanor is up to 1 year in jail and a $2,000 fine under RSA 651:2.

Viewing another person without their knowledge or consent in a place where privacy is expected, for the purpose of sexual gratification, is also a misdemeanor under RSA 644:9, III-a, but the statute does not specify a class. Under RSA 625:9, it defaults to a Class B misdemeanor (no jail, up to a $1,200 fine) unless the State elects Class A treatment before arraignment or a violence element applies, raising the maximum to 1 year in jail and a $2,000 fine.

RSA 644:9-a Nonconsensual Intimate Images

New Hampshire's nonconsensual image sharing law under RSA 644:9-a addresses the distribution of private video and images. It is a Class B felony to:

• Share intimate or sexual images or video of another person without their consent when done with intent to harass, intimidate, threaten, or coerce, if the image was obtained under circumstances showing it was meant to stay private
• Distribute synthetic or AI-generated video that manipulates a recognizable person's likeness into intimate content without their consent, with the same intent

The statute does not itself make a threat to share an image a crime, although other laws such as criminal threatening or extortion may apply.

A Class B felony carries up to 7 years in state prison and a $4,000 fine under RSA 651:2. This law was strengthened to cover deepfake and AI-generated content, reflecting the growing threat of digitally manipulated intimate media.

Video Recording in Specific Locations

Public Spaces

Video recording in public spaces is generally legal in New Hampshire. The First Amendment protects the right to record in areas that are open to the public, including:

• Public sidewalks, parks, and streets
• Government buildings during public hours
• Public rallies, protests, and demonstrations
• Commercial areas like shopping centers and parking lots

Even in public spaces, the all-party consent rule applies to any audio captured by the recording. Silent video or video of events where no reasonable expectation of privacy exists for the audio component is typically permissible.

Private Property

On private property, the property owner sets the rules for video recording (subject to privacy laws):

• Property owners can install cameras on their own property, but cameras inside a home need the consent of the other adults who live there (RSA 644:9, II)
• Businesses may install video surveillance in common areas
• No cameras are permitted in bathrooms, changing rooms, or other private areas regardless of ownership
• Tenants have privacy rights that limit a landlord's ability to install cameras inside rental units

Government Meetings

The Right-to-Know Law (RSA 91-A:2, II) specifically authorizes the use of tape recorders, cameras, videotape equipment, and other recording devices at public meetings of government bodies. This applies to:

• State legislative sessions and committee hearings
• County commission meetings
• Municipal council, selectboard, and school board meetings
• Planning board and zoning board hearings

Government bodies cannot prohibit video recording at their public sessions. This is one of the clearest exceptions to the general consent requirements under New Hampshire law.

Home Video Surveillance

Rules for Homeowners

New Hampshire homeowners may install video surveillance systems on their property, but must observe these limitations:

• Exterior cameras pointed at your own yard, driveway, or front door are generally legal for video. Audio is different: if the microphone picks up a conversation whose speakers reasonably expect it is not being recorded, recording it without their consent can violate RSA 570-A:2 even on your own property, so consider turning audio off or posting a clear notice
• Interior cameras, even silent ones, need the consent of the other adults who live in the home, because RSA 644:9 treats the interior of a dwelling as a private place, and they should avoid capturing audio of conversations unless all occupants and visitors are informed and consent
• Cameras must never be placed in bathrooms, bedrooms, or other private rooms where guests or household members expect privacy (RSA 644:9)
• Audio-enabled cameras that pick up conversations between neighbors or passersby may violate RSA 570-A if those individuals have a reasonable expectation of privacy

Nanny Cams and Babysitter Monitoring

New Hampshire does not have a specific statute addressing nanny cameras. The general rules apply:

• Silent video nanny cams are still covered by RSA 644:9, which treats the interior of a home as a private place and makes it a crime to install a camera there without the consent of the people entitled to privacy in it. Get the consent of the other adults who live in the home. The statute does not say whether a caregiver working there counts, so tell your babysitter or nanny about any camera
• Audio-enabled nanny cams capture conversations and may trigger the all-party consent requirement under RSA 570-A:2
• Cameras in bathrooms or bedrooms are prohibited regardless of the purpose (RSA 644:9)
• The safest approach is to inform your babysitter or childcare provider about any cameras and obtain their consent, particularly for audio recording

Penalties for Illegal Video Recording

Criminal Penalties Summary

Civil Liability

Victims of illegal video recording may pursue civil remedies through multiple avenues:

• RSA 570-A:11 provides liquidated damages of $100 per day or $1,000 minimum, plus punitive damages and attorney fees, for violations involving audio interception
• Common law privacy torts may provide additional remedies for intrusion upon seclusion or public disclosure of private facts
• RSA 644:9-a does not itself create a civil lawsuit; victims of nonconsensual intimate image distribution rely on privacy torts and the federal civil remedy in 15 U.S.C. 6851

Using Video Recordings as Evidence

Admissibility Standards

Video recordings offered as evidence in New Hampshire courts must satisfy several requirements:

• Authentication: The proponent must establish that the recording is genuine, unaltered, and accurately depicts the events
• Relevance: The video must relate to a material issue in the case
• Legality of acquisition: Videos obtained through felony violations of RSA 570-A may be suppressed under RSA 570-A:6, though misdemeanor-level recordings may still be admissible following the State v. Clark (2024) ruling
• Balancing test: The court weighs the probative value against any unfair prejudicial effect

Best Practices for Video Evidence

To maximize the evidentiary value of your video recordings:

1. Use a reliable recording device with accurate date and time stamps
2. Do not edit or modify the original footage
3. Preserve the original file in its native format
4. Store backup copies in multiple secure locations
5. Document the recording setup including camera placement and settings
6. Maintain a chain of custody log showing who had access to the recording

Emerging Issues in Video Recording Law

Drones and Aerial Video

New Hampshire enacted RSA 207:57 regulating the use of drones. While primarily focused on use near wildlife, drone operators should be aware that:

• Aerial video of private property may raise privacy concerns under RSA 644:9
• Audio captured by drone microphones is subject to RSA 570-A consent requirements
• Federal Aviation Administration rules also govern drone operations

Ring Doorbells and Smart Cameras

Internet-connected doorbell cameras and smart home security systems that record audio create unique legal questions in New Hampshire. Because these devices often record audio continuously:

• The audio component may capture private conversations of visitors, delivery workers, and passersby
• Homeowners should consider disabling audio recording or posting visible notices about recording
• Sharing doorbell camera footage that includes private conversations could create civil liability

More New Hampshire Recording Laws

Audio Recording | Video Recording | Voyeurism | Workplace Recording | Recording Police | Phone Call Recording | Security Cameras | Recording in Public | Landlord-Tenant | Dashcam Laws | Schools | Medical Recording

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Frequently Asked Questions

Is it legal to video record someone in New Hampshire without their knowledge?

It depends on the circumstances. Silent video recording in public places is generally legal. However, video that captures audio of private conversations requires all-party consent under RSA 570-A:2. Video recording in private places like bathrooms or bedrooms is prohibited under RSA 644:9 regardless of audio capture.

Can I install security cameras on my property in New Hampshire?

Yes, with limits. Homeowners may install exterior security cameras on their own property. Inside a home, RSA 644:9 treats the interior of a dwelling as a private place, so get the consent of the other adults who live there, and never place cameras in bathrooms or bedrooms where guests expect privacy. If cameras record audio, the all-party consent rule under RSA 570-A:2 may apply to captured conversations. Consider disabling audio or posting visible notices.

Is sharing intimate video without consent illegal in New Hampshire?

Yes. Under RSA 644:9-a, sharing intimate or sexual images or video of another person without their consent is a Class B felony when done with intent to harass, intimidate, or coerce. This carries up to 7 years in prison and a $4,000 fine. The law also covers AI-generated or digitally manipulated content.

Can I record video at a public meeting in New Hampshire?

Yes. The Right-to-Know Law (RSA 91-A:2, II) explicitly permits the use of cameras, videotape equipment, and other recording devices at public meetings of government bodies. State, county, and municipal bodies cannot prohibit video recording during public sessions.

What are the penalties for illegal video recording in New Hampshire?

Penalties vary by offense. Video with audio captured without consent can be a Class B felony (up to 7 years, $4,000 fine) or a misdemeanor (presumed Class B, up to a $1,200 fine, or up to 1 year and $2,000 if the State elects Class A) under RSA 570-A:2. Voyeurism under RSA 644:9 is a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year, $2,000 fine) for a first offense, and a Class B felony for a repeat offense or one involving a child under 18 (RSA 644:9, VI and VII). Nonconsensual intimate image sharing under RSA 644:9-a is a Class B felony.