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Ley Limón de Florida (2026): Cómo Calificar y Obtener un Reembolso

Ley Limón de Florida (2026): Cómo Calificar y Obtener un Reembolso

Preguntas frecuentes

¿Cuántos intentos de reparación se requieren antes de que mi vehículo califique como limón en Florida?

La ley de Florida presume que un vehículo es limón después de tres intentos de reparación para la misma no conformidad, más un intento final del fabricante si usted proporciona la notificación por escrito adecuada por correo registrado o exprés. Alternativamente, si su vehículo ha estado fuera de servicio durante 30 o más días acumulados (60 para RV) por reparaciones, puede calificar. Estas condiciones deben ocurrir dentro del periodo de derechos de la ley limón de 24 meses.

¿La ley limón de Florida cubre los vehículos usados? Qué hago si mi carro nuevo tiene fallas

La ley limón de Florida cubre principalmente los vehículos motorizados nuevos. Sin embargo, los compradores subsecuentes que reciben un vehículo durante el periodo de derechos de la ley limón (24 meses desde la entrega original) también tienen cobertura, siempre que el vehículo haya sido comprado principalmente para fines personales, familiares o domésticos. Los vehículos usados fuera de este escenario pueden tener otros recursos de garantía, pero no están cubiertos por la ley limón.

¿Tengo que usar primero el programa de arbitraje del fabricante?

Si el fabricante tiene un procedimiento de resolución de disputas certificado por el Departamento de Asuntos Legales de Florida, usted debe usar primero ese procedimiento antes de presentar su reclamo ante la junta de arbitraje estatal. Los programas principales incluyen BBB Auto Line (que cubre Ford, GM, Hyundai, Kia, Nissan, Mazda, VW/Audi y Bentley) y NCDS (que cubre Toyota/Lexus, Honda/Acura y Tesla para vehículos comprados después del 1 de noviembre de 2022). Si el programa no decide dentro de 40 días, o usted rechaza la decisión, puede entonces presentar su reclamo ante la junta estatal.

¿Cómo se calcula la compensación razonable por uso en Florida?

La compensación se calcula multiplicando el número de millas recorridas (al momento del acuerdo o la audiencia de arbitraje) por el precio base de venta, y luego dividiendo entre 120,000. Para los vehículos recreativos, divida entre 60,000. Por ejemplo, si el precio base de su vehículo fue de $36,000 y usted condujo 12,000 millas, la compensación sería de $3,600.

¿Cuál es el plazo para presentar un reclamo de ley limón en Florida?

Usted debe presentar su reclamo de arbitraje dentro de los 60 días posteriores al vencimiento del periodo de derechos de la ley limón (24 meses desde la entrega). Si usted usa primero un programa patrocinado por el fabricante, debe presentar su reclamo ante la junta estatal dentro de los 30 días posteriores a la acción final de ese programa, o 60 días después del vencimiento del periodo de derechos, lo que ocurra más tarde. Para las acciones judiciales civiles, usted tiene 1 año después del periodo de derechos o 1 año después de la acción final de cualquier proceso de resolución de disputas.

¿Tendré que pagar honorarios de abogado si presento una demanda de ley limón?

Si usted prevalece en una acción civil bajo el Fla. Stat. § 681.112, el tribunal debe otorgarle honorarios razonables de abogado, costos de litigio, pérdida pecuniaria y compensación equitativa. Esto significa que el fabricante paga los honorarios de su abogado si usted gana. Sin embargo, si un tribunal determina que su reclamo se presentó de mala fe o sin ninguna cuestión justiciable, usted podría ser responsable de los costos y honorarios de abogado del fabricante.

¿Qué sucede con un vehículo que es recomprado bajo la ley limón?

Cuando un fabricante recompra un vehículo bajo la ley limón de Florida, el título se marca como Manufacturer's Buy Back (recompra del fabricante). Si el vehículo se revende, el vendedor debe divulgar clara y visiblemente la naturaleza de la no conformidad anterior al comprador. El fabricante también debe garantizar la corrección de la no conformidad por 1 año o 12,000 millas, lo que ocurra primero.

Actualizaciones

Verificado de forma independiente contra las fuentes primarias citadas; ley aplicable revisada en busca de cambios recientes

Ley aplicable revisada en busca de cambios recientes

Revisado y aprobado por un editor

La ley detrás de este artículo

Este artículo se apoya en 9 disposiciones legales conservadas en nuestro propio registro jurídico, cada una obtenida de la fuente oficial. Toque una sección para leer el texto vigente.

United States Code Title 15

§ 2301DefinitionsVigentecitada en 39 de nuestros artículos
For the purposes of this chapter: The term “consumer product” means any tangible personal property which is distributed in commerce and which is normally used for personal, family, or household purposes (including any such property intended to be attached to or installed in any real property without regard to whether it is so attached or installed). The term “Commission” means the Federal Trade Commission. The term “consumer” means a buyer (other than for purposes of resale) of any consumer product, any person to whom such product is transferred during the duration of an implied or written warranty (or service contract) applicable to the product, and any other person who is entitled by the terms of such warranty (or service contract) or under applicable State law to enforce against the warrantor (or service contractor) the obligations of the warranty (or service contract). The term “supplier” means any person engaged in the business of making a consumer product directly or indirectly available to consumers. The term “warrantor” means any supplier or other person who gives or offers to give a written warranty or who is or may be obligated under an implied warranty.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-28 · Lea la sección completa en uscode.house.gov

Citada en 1,671 opiniones judiciales1970s: 111980s: 1361990s: 1462000s: 4032010s: 2882020s: 687Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: John F. "Jack" Walsh v. Ford Motor Company (Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit 1986, 807 F.2d 1000) · Birdsong v. Apple, Inc. (Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 2009, 590 F.3d 955) · Robert E. Kelly Virginia L. Kelly v. Fleetwood Enterprises, Inc. (Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 2004, 377 F.3d 1034)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

Florida Statutes

§ 681.102Definitions.Vigente
As used in this chapter, the term:(1) “Authorized service agent” means any person, including a franchised motor vehicle dealer, who is authorized by the manufacturer to service motor vehicles. In the case of a recreational vehicle when there are two or more manufacturers, an authorized service agent for any individual manufacturer is any person, including a franchised motor vehicle dealer, who is authorized to service the items warranted by that manufacturer. The term does not include a rental car company authorized to repair rental vehicles. (2) “Board” means the Florida New Motor Vehicle Arbitration Board. (3) “Collateral charges” means those additional charges to a consumer wholly incurred as a result of the acquisition of the motor vehicle. For the purposes of this chapter, collateral charges include, but are not limited to, manufacturer-installed or agent-installed items or service charges, earned finance charges, sales taxes, and title charges.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-28 · Lea la sección completa en leg.state.fl.us

Citada en 5 opiniones judicialesAplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2024

Casos destacados: Mason v. Porsche Cars of North America (District Court of Appeal of Florida 1997, 688 So. 2d 361) · Burns v. DaimlerChrysler Corp. (District Court of Appeal of Florida 2005, 914 So. 2d 451) · Results Real Estate, Inc. v. Lazy Days RV Center, Inc. (District Court of Appeal of Florida 1987, 12 Fla. L. Weekly 1010)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 681.103Duty of manufacturer to conform a motor vehicle to the warranty.Vigente
(1) If a motor vehicle does not conform to the warranty and the consumer first reports the problem to the manufacturer or its authorized service agent during the Lemon Law rights period, the manufacturer or its authorized service agent shall make such repairs as are necessary to conform the vehicle to the warranty, irrespective of whether such repairs are made after the expiration of the Lemon Law rights period. Such repairs shall be at no cost to the consumer if made during the term of the manufacturer’s written express warranty. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to grant an extension of the Lemon Law rights period or to expand the time within which a consumer must file a claim under this chapter. (2) Each manufacturer shall provide to its consumers conspicuous notice of the address and phone number for its zone, district, or regional office for this state in the written warranty or owner’s manual. By January 1 of each year, each manufacturer shall forward to the department a copy of the owner’s manual and any written warranty for each make and model of motor vehicle that it sells in this state.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-28 · Lea la sección completa en leg.state.fl.us

§ 681.104Nonconformity of motor vehicles.Vigente
(1)(a) After three attempts have been made to repair the same nonconformity, the consumer shall give written notification, by registered or express mail to the manufacturer, of the need to repair the nonconformity to allow the manufacturer a final attempt to cure the nonconformity. The manufacturer shall have 10 days, commencing upon receipt of such notification, to respond and give the consumer the opportunity to have the motor vehicle repaired at a reasonably accessible repair facility within a reasonable time after the consumer’s receipt of the response. The manufacturer shall have 10 days, except in the case of a recreational vehicle, in which event the manufacturer shall have 45 days, commencing upon the delivery of the motor vehicle to the designated repair facility by the consumer, to conform the motor vehicle to the warranty. If the manufacturer fails to respond to the consumer and give the consumer the opportunity to have the motor vehicle repaired at a reasonably accessible repair facility or perform the repairs within the time periods prescribed in this subsection, the requirement that the manufacturer be given a final attempt to cure the nonconformity does not apply.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-28 · Lea la sección completa en leg.state.fl.us

Citada en 3 opiniones judicialesAplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2024

Casos destacados: BMW of North America, Inc. v. Singh (District Court of Appeal of Florida 1995, 664 So. 2d 266) · Joyce v. Forest River, Inc. (District Court, S.D. Florida 2024) · Kelly v. Lee County RV Sales Company (District Court, M.D. Florida 2019)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 681.106Bad faith claims.Vigente
Any claim by a consumer which is found by the court to have been filed in bad faith or solely for the purpose of harassment, or in complete absence of a justiciable issue of either law or fact raised by the consumer, shall result in the consumer being liable for all costs and reasonable attorney’s fees incurred by the manufacturer, or its agent, as a direct result of the bad faith claim.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-28 · Lea la sección completa en leg.state.fl.us

§ 681.108Dispute-settlement procedures.Vigente
(1) If a manufacturer has established a procedure that the department has certified as substantially complying with the provisions of 16 C.F.R. part 703, in effect October 1, 1983, as amended, and with the provisions of this chapter and the rules adopted under this chapter, and has informed the consumer how and where to file a claim with such procedure pursuant to s. 681.103(3), the provisions of s. 681.104(2) apply to the consumer only if the consumer has first resorted to such procedure. The decisionmakers for a certified procedure shall, in rendering decisions, take into account all legal and equitable factors germane to a fair and just decision, including, but not limited to, the warranty; the rights and remedies conferred under 16 C.F.R. part 703, in effect October 1, 1983, as amended; the provisions of this chapter; and any other equitable considerations appropriate under the circumstances. Decisionmakers and staff for a procedure shall be trained in the provisions of this chapter and in 16 C.F.R. part 703, in effect October 1, 1983, as amended.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-28 · Lea la sección completa en leg.state.fl.us

Citada en 1 opiniones judicialesAplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 1998

Casos destacados: Ford Motor Co. v. Fowler (District Court of Appeal of Florida 1998, 705 So. 2d 662)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 681.109Florida New Motor Vehicle Arbitration Board; dispute eligibility.Vigente
(1) If a manufacturer has a certified procedure, a consumer claim arising during the Lemon Law rights period must be filed with the certified procedure no later than 60 days after the expiration of the Lemon Law rights period. If a decision is not rendered by the certified procedure within 40 days after filing, the consumer may apply to the department to have the dispute removed to the board for arbitration. (2) If a manufacturer has a certified procedure, a consumer claim arising during the Lemon Law rights period must be filed with the certified procedure no later than 60 days after the expiration of the Lemon Law rights period. If a consumer is not satisfied with the decision or the manufacturer’s compliance therewith, the consumer may apply to the department to have the dispute submitted to the board for arbitration. A manufacturer may not seek review of a decision made under its procedure. (3) If a manufacturer does not have a certified procedure or if the certified procedure does not have jurisdiction to resolve the dispute, a consumer may apply directly to the department to have the dispute submitted to the board for arbitration.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-28 · Lea la sección completa en leg.state.fl.us

Citada en 2 opiniones judicialesAplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2026

Casos destacados: Holzhauer-Mosher v. Ford Motor Co. (District Court of Appeal of Florida 2000, 772 So. 2d 7) · Thielen (District Court, S.D. Florida 2026)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

§ 681.1096RV Mediation and Arbitration Program; creation and qualifications.Vigente
(1) This section and s. 681.1097 shall apply to disputes determined eligible under this chapter involving recreational vehicles acquired on or after October 1, 1997. (2) Each manufacturer of a recreational vehicle involved in a dispute that is determined eligible under this chapter, including chassis and component manufacturers that separately warrant the chassis and components and that otherwise meet the definition of manufacturer set forth in s. 681.102(13), shall participate in a mediation and arbitration program that is deemed qualified by the department. (3) In order to be deemed qualified by the department, the mediation and arbitration program must, at a minimum, meet the following requirements:(a) The program must be administered by an administrator and staff that are sufficiently insulated from the manufacturer to ensure impartial mediation and arbitration services and to ensure that a manufacturer does not make decisions as to whether a consumer’s dispute proceeds to mediation or arbitration. (b) Program administration fees must be timely paid by the manufacturer, and no such fees shall be charged to a consumer.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-28 · Lea la sección completa en leg.state.fl.us

§ 681.112Consumer remedies.Vigente
(1) A consumer may file an action to recover damages caused by a violation of this chapter. The court shall award a consumer who prevails in such action the amount of any pecuniary loss, litigation costs, reasonable attorney’s fees, and appropriate equitable relief. (2) An action brought under this chapter must be commenced within 1 year after the expiration of the Lemon Law rights period, or, if a consumer resorts to an informal dispute-settlement procedure or submits a dispute to the department or board, within 1 year after the final action of the procedure, department, or board. (3) This chapter does not prohibit a consumer from pursuing other rights or remedies under any other law.

Texto oficial (extracto) · al 2026-07-28 · Lea la sección completa en leg.state.fl.us

Citada en 7 opiniones judiciales1990s: 12000s: 32010s: 3Aplicada por un tribunal por última vez: 2011

Casos destacados: King v. King Motor Co. of Fort Lauderdale (District Court of Appeal of Florida 2001, 780 So. 2d 937) · General Motors LLC v. Bowie (District Court of Appeal of Florida 2011, 58 So. 3d 934) · Hamilton v. Ford Motor Co. (District Court of Appeal of Florida 2006, 936 So. 2d 1203)

Identificado automáticamente a partir de las opiniones judiciales que citan esta sección; no es un ranking de qué caso prevalece.

Busque en nuestro registro completo de la ley de EE. UU.: 2.1 millones de secciones, todos los estados y la ley federal

Fuentes y referencias

  1. Estatutos de Florida, Capítulo 681: Garantías de Venta de Vehículos Motorizados (2025)(leg.state.fl.us).gov
  2. Fiscal General de Florida: Ley Limón(myfloridalegal.com)
  3. Cómo Funciona la Ley Limón de Florida - Fiscal General de Florida(myfloridalegal.com).gov
  4. Programas Patrocinados por el Fabricante Certificados por el Estado - Fiscal General de Florida(myfloridalegal.com).gov
  5. Guía de Cálculo de Recursos de la Ley Limón - Fiscal General de Florida(myfloridalegal.com).gov
  6. Audiencias ante la Junta de Arbitraje de Vehículos Motorizados Nuevos de Florida(myfloridalegal.com).gov
  7. Departamento de Ingresos de Florida - Tarifa de Garantía de Vehículos Motorizados (Tarifa de Ley Limón)(floridarevenue.com).gov
  8. Colegio de Abogados de Florida: Ley Limón de Vehículos Motorizados(floridabar.org)
  9. DHSMV de Florida: Comprar de un Concesionario con Licencia(flhsmv.gov).gov
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