Oregon Surveillance Camera Laws (2026 Guide)

Overview of Oregon Surveillance Camera Laws

Oregon does not have a single comprehensive surveillance camera statute. Instead, the state relies on a combination of criminal privacy statutes, audio recording laws, and common law principles to regulate how and where cameras may be used.

The most important law affecting surveillance cameras in Oregon is ORS 165.540, which governs the recording of conversations. Oregon also has specific invasion of privacy statutes (ORS 163.700 and ORS 163.701) that criminalize certain types of visual recording, and drone-specific laws under ORS Chapter 837 that address unmanned aircraft surveillance.

Understanding these overlapping laws is essential for homeowners, employers, and anyone who uses security cameras in the state.

Oregon Audio Recording Laws Under ORS 165.540

Oregon's conversational privacy statute, ORS 165.540, is the cornerstone of the state's recording laws. This statute draws a critical distinction between audio recordings of in-person conversations and video calls, on one side, and recordings of telephone calls, on the other.

In-Person Conversations Require Notice to All Parties

Under ORS 165.540(1)(c), it is unlawful to obtain or attempt to obtain the whole or any part of a conversation by means of any device unless all participants in the conversation are specifically informed that their conversation is being obtained.

This means Oregon effectively operates as an "all-party notification" state for in-person audio recordings. The same rule covers video calls: since 2021, ORS 165.535(1) defines a "conversation" to include a communication occurring through a video conferencing program. You do not need each person to affirmatively consent, but every person in the conversation must be told that recording is taking place before it begins.

This requirement was upheld by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in January 2025 in the en banc decision in Project Veritas v. Schmidt. Over a two-judge dissent, the court held that ORS 165.540(1)(c) is content neutral and survives intermediate scrutiny under the First Amendment. The court found the statute is narrowly tailored to serve Oregon's significant interest in protecting conversational privacy.

Telephone Calls Follow One-Party Consent

For telephone and radio communications, ORS 165.540 applies a different standard. Recording a phone call requires consent from at least one participant. This means you can legally record your own phone calls in Oregon without informing the other party.

This distinction between in-person and telephone recording rules is important for anyone using surveillance systems that capture audio. A security camera that records in-person conversations in your home or office must comply with the all-party notification rule, while recording a phone call only requires one-party consent.

Exceptions to the Audio Recording Rules

ORS 165.540 includes several important exceptions that allow recording without full notification:

Unconcealed recording devices. Under ORS 165.540(6)(a), a person using an unconcealed recording device does not need to separately notify participants when recording public or semipublic meetings, regularly scheduled classes, or private meetings where all others involved knew or reasonably should have known that the recording was being made. A visible device alone does not excuse recording other private conversations.

Video conferencing platforms. Video calls are covered by the notice rule, but the same ORS 165.540(6)(a) exception applies to meetings held through a video conferencing program such as Zoom or Microsoft Teams, including private meetings where all others knew or reasonably should have known that recording was occurring. Many platforms display a recording indicator by default. A separate, narrow exception in ORS 165.540(6)(b) covers a participant (or someone with a participant's consent) who records a video call to capture alleged unlawful activity in specified circumstances.

Public and semipublic meetings. Recording at public proceedings, government meetings, or other gatherings open to the public is generally permitted with an unconcealed device.

Law enforcement. ORS 165.540(5) lists further exceptions to the notice rule, including recording a conversation during a felony that endangers human life, uniformed officers' vehicle-mounted and body-worn cameras (subject to announcement conditions), and recorded custodial interviews. Under ORS 41.910, evidence of a communication intercepted in violation of ORS 165.540 is generally inadmissible in Oregon courts, with limited exceptions.

Family members in the home. Subscribers or family members may record within their own homes under certain conditions specified in the statute.

Home Security Camera Laws in Oregon

Video-Only Cameras Are Generally Permitted

Oregon does not require a permit to install security cameras on your own residential property. Video-only surveillance cameras are legal when placed on your property and pointed at areas you own or control, such as your front door, driveway, garage, or yard.

The key legal principle is that recording is permitted in areas where there is no reasonable expectation of privacy. Your own property, driveways, front porches, and other areas visible from public spaces are generally fair game for video surveillance.

Audio Recording on Home Cameras

If your home security cameras include microphones that record audio, you must comply with ORS 165.540's all-party notification requirement for in-person conversations. This means you should either disable audio recording on outdoor cameras that might pick up conversations, or post clear signage informing visitors that audio and video recording is in progress.

For indoor cameras, the same rule applies. If the camera records audio of conversations between people in your home, all parties must be informed that recording is occurring.

Cameras Must Not Invade Neighbors' Privacy

While you may point cameras at your own property, you must not aim them at areas where your neighbors have a reasonable expectation of privacy. Under Oregon law, this includes the interior of a neighbor's home, enclosed backyard areas not visible from public spaces, and other private zones such as bathroom or bedroom windows.

If your camera incidentally captures a public street, sidewalk, or the exterior of a neighboring home that is visible from public areas, this is generally not considered an invasion of privacy. The determining factor is whether the person being recorded has a reasonable expectation of privacy in the location being monitored.

Neighbor Disputes Over Security Cameras

Disputes between Oregon neighbors over surveillance cameras are common. Understanding what the law does and does not allow can help you resolve these situations.

When a Neighbor's Camera Is Legal

A neighbor can legally point a security camera toward your property if the camera captures only areas visible from public spaces, the camera records video only and does not capture audio of your private conversations, and the camera is not used for the purpose of harassment or intimidation.

For example, a neighbor's doorbell camera that captures part of your front yard as part of its wider field of view is generally legal because your front yard is visible from the public street.

When a Neighbor's Camera May Be Illegal

A neighbor's camera may violate Oregon law if it is deliberately aimed to record inside your home through windows, it captures enclosed private areas such as a fenced backyard where you have a reasonable expectation of privacy, it records audio of your private conversations without notification, or it is used as a tool for stalking or harassment.

What You Can Do

If you believe a neighbor's camera invades your privacy in Oregon, you have several options. You can document the camera positions and the areas they capture, and then contact local law enforcement to report a potential violation of ORS 163.700. You may also consult an attorney about sending a cease-and-desist letter or seeking an injunction in civil court. Additionally, you can install physical privacy barriers such as fences, hedges, or privacy screens within local building codes.

Workplace Surveillance Camera Laws in Oregon

Oregon employers face specific obligations when using surveillance cameras in the workplace. The combination of ORS 165.540 and general privacy principles creates a framework that allows monitoring while protecting employee privacy.

Where Employers Can Place Cameras

Employers may install video surveillance cameras in common areas and public-facing spaces within the workplace. Entrances and exits, hallways and corridors, parking lots, retail sales floors, warehouses, and production areas are all generally acceptable locations for workplace cameras.

Where Cameras Are Prohibited

Cameras must never be placed in areas where employees have a reasonable expectation of privacy. Under Oregon law, prohibited locations include restrooms and bathrooms, locker rooms and changing areas, break rooms with enclosed changing spaces, nursing or lactation rooms, and any other area where employees would reasonably expect to be unobserved.

Employer Notification Requirements

Oregon law requires employers to inform employees about workplace surveillance. Best practices include maintaining a written surveillance policy in the employee handbook, posting visible signage in all areas monitored by cameras, conducting training so employees understand where cameras are located and what is recorded, and providing the purpose of surveillance and contact information for questions.

For audio recording, the all-party notification requirement under ORS 165.540 applies in full. If workplace cameras capture audio, employers must specifically inform all individuals, including employees, customers, and visitors, that their conversations are being recorded.

Telephone Monitoring

Employers who monitor employee phone calls must comply with the one-party consent rule for telephone communications. In practice, this means an employer who is a party to the call or who has consent from one party may record the call. Many employers include telephone monitoring disclosures in their employee agreements.

Hidden Camera Laws in Oregon

When Hidden Cameras Are Legal

Hidden cameras that record video only are generally legal in Oregon when placed in locations where the person being recorded does not have a reasonable expectation of privacy. Common legal uses include home security cameras monitoring entry points, retail loss-prevention cameras in sales areas, and doorbell cameras and porch cameras.

When Hidden Cameras Are Illegal

Hidden cameras become illegal in Oregon under two main circumstances.

First, ORS 163.700(1)(b) makes it a Class A misdemeanor to knowingly make or record a photograph, motion picture, videotape, or other visual recording of another person's intimate area without that person's consent, when the person has a reasonable expectation of privacy concerning the intimate area. ORS 163.700(2)(f) defines that expectation to mean the person intended to protect the intimate area from being seen and has not exposed it to public view. That is a test about the person's own efforts to stay covered, not about the room they were standing in. ORS 163.700(2)(a) defines "intimate area" as nudity, or undergarments that are being worn by a person and are covered by clothing.

Second, recording someone in a state of nudity is a felony in Oregon, not a misdemeanor. Under ORS 163.701(1)(a), knowingly recording another person in a state of nudity without consent, at a time when that person is in a place and circumstances where they have a reasonable expectation of personal privacy, is invasion of personal privacy in the first degree, a Class C felony. ORS 163.700(2)(d) says those places and circumstances include a bathroom, a dressing room, a locker room that includes an enclosed area for dressing or showering, a tanning booth, and any area where a person undresses in an enclosed space that is not open to public view. This is the provision that covers the classic hidden camera in a bathroom or changing room.

Oregon's privacy statutes also reach drone footage, but they do not create a separate drone offense. ORS 163.700(2)(b)(B) provides only that making or recording a visual recording includes doing so through an unmanned aircraft system, even when the drone is flown for commercial purposes under FAA authorization. The elements above still have to be met, so a drone recording is criminal under these sections only when it captures a person's intimate area or a person in a state of nudity in the circumstances each section describes.

Any hidden camera that also records audio must comply with ORS 165.540's all-party notification requirement. Since a hidden camera by definition does not provide notice, recording audio with a concealed device will generally violate Oregon law unless an exception applies.

Nanny Cam Laws in Oregon

Parents in Oregon are legally permitted to use nanny cams to monitor childcare providers in their homes. However, there are important restrictions to follow.

Video-Only Nanny Cams Are Legal

You may place hidden video-only cameras in common areas of your home such as living rooms, kitchens, playrooms, and hallways to monitor your child's caregiver. No notification or consent is required for video-only recording in these areas.

Audio Recording Requires Notification

If your nanny cam records audio in addition to video, Oregon law requires that you notify the caregiver that audio recording is taking place. Under ORS 165.540, all participants in a conversation must be informed that their conversation is being recorded. The safest approach is to provide written notice in the employment agreement or in a separate signed disclosure form that states audio recording occurs in the home.

Prohibited Locations for Nanny Cams

Nanny cams must never be placed in bathrooms, bedrooms where the caregiver may change clothes, or any other area where the caregiver has a reasonable expectation of privacy. Placing a camera in these locations could result in criminal charges under ORS 163.700 or, if it records nudity, the felony offense in ORS 163.701.

Best Practices for Oregon Nanny Cams

To stay on the right side of Oregon law, use video-only cameras when possible. If your camera records audio, provide written notice to the caregiver before recording begins. Place cameras only in common areas of the home. Avoid recording in bathrooms, guest bedrooms, and other private spaces. Keep recordings secure and use them only for their intended purpose.

Drone Surveillance Laws in Oregon

Oregon has enacted specific laws addressing surveillance by unmanned aircraft systems, commonly known as drones.

ORS 163.700 and Drone Recording

Oregon's invasion of personal privacy statutes address drones through a definition rather than through a separate offense. ORS 163.700(2)(b)(B) provides that making or recording a photograph, motion picture, videotape or other visual recording includes doing so through the use of an unmanned aircraft system as defined in ORS 837.300, even if the drone is operated for commercial purposes in compliance with authorization granted by the Federal Aviation Administration.

That definition closes a loophole, but it does not change what the crime is. A drone operator commits invasion of personal privacy only if the footage meets the elements of ORS 163.700(1)(b), a recording of the subject's intimate area where the subject had a reasonable expectation of privacy concerning that area, or of ORS 163.701(1)(a), a recording of a person in a state of nudity in a place and circumstances carrying a reasonable expectation of personal privacy. Filming a clothed person in a fenced backyard does not, by itself, violate either section. The remedy for that kind of overflight is civil, and it is described below.

Law Enforcement Drone Restrictions

Under ORS 837.310, law enforcement agencies in Oregon may not operate drones, acquire information through drone operation, or disclose information obtained through drones except under limited circumstances. These include situations where a court has issued a warrant (limited to 30-day periods, renewable for good cause), probable cause exists that a crime has occurred with exigent circumstances making it impractical to obtain a warrant, the individual has given written consent, or the drone is used for search and rescue or emergency assistance.

Evidence obtained by law enforcement through unauthorized drone surveillance is inadmissible in Oregon courts and cannot be used to establish reasonable suspicion or probable cause.

Civil Liability for Drone Trespass

Under ORS 837.380, property owners in Oregon may bring a civil action against a drone operator who has flown over their property at least once before and continues to do so after being notified not to return, subject to a carve-out for drones operated commercially under FAA authorization. A prevailing plaintiff may recover treble damages for any injury caused by the trespassing drone and may be awarded injunctive relief. Attorney fees may also be recoverable under ORS 20.080 if the amount claimed is $10,000 or less.

This civil remedy does not replace other legal claims. Property owners may also pursue separate actions for invasion of privacy under ORS 30.831 or other applicable statutes.

Penalties for Violating Oregon Surveillance Camera Laws

Oregon imposes both criminal and civil penalties for unlawful surveillance and recording.

Criminal Penalties

ORS 165.540 violations. Unlawfully obtaining the contents of a communication, including recording a conversation without notifying all participants, is a Class A misdemeanor. Under Oregon law (ORS 161.615 and ORS 161.635), a Class A misdemeanor carries up to 364 days in jail, a fine of up to $6,250, or both.

ORS 163.700, invasion of personal privacy in the second degree. Knowingly recording another person's intimate area without consent, where that person had a reasonable expectation of privacy concerning the intimate area, is a Class A misdemeanor, carrying the same penalties of up to 364 days in jail and a fine of up to $6,250. The same section also covers being in a location to observe another person in a state of nudity, for the purpose of sexual arousal or gratification, where that person has a reasonable expectation of personal privacy. Recording nudity is not charged under this section; it falls under ORS 163.701 below.

ORS 163.701, invasion of personal privacy in the first degree. Knowingly recording a person in a state of nudity without consent, while that person is in a place and circumstances where they have a reasonable expectation of personal privacy, is a Class C felony. The same felony charge applies when a person violates ORS 163.700 and already has a prior conviction for invasion of personal privacy in any degree, public indecency, private indecency, or a sex crime as defined in ORS 163A.005. A Class C felony in Oregon carries up to 5 years in prison and a fine of up to $125,000, and the Oregon Criminal Justice Commission classifies the offense as crime category 6 of the sentencing guidelines grid. The court may also designate this offense as a sex crime requiring registration as a sex offender.

ORS 165.543, interception of communications. Willfully intercepting wire or oral communications without being a party to the communication and without consent from any party is also a Class A misdemeanor.

Civil Liability

In addition to criminal penalties, individuals whose privacy is violated by unlawful surveillance may bring civil lawsuits for damages. Oregon recognizes civil claims for invasion of privacy, and courts may award compensatory damages, punitive damages in egregious cases, and injunctive relief ordering the removal of cameras or cessation of recording. Drone trespass claims under ORS 837.380 allow treble damages and attorney fees.

Key Oregon Statutes for Surveillance Camera Laws

Understanding which statute applies to your situation is essential. Here is a summary of the primary Oregon laws governing surveillance cameras.

ORS 165.540 governs obtaining the contents of communications. It requires all-party notification for in-person audio recording and video calls, and one-party consent for telephone recording. Violations are a Class A misdemeanor.

ORS 165.543 addresses the interception of wire or oral communications by non-parties without consent. Violations are a Class A misdemeanor.

ORS 163.700 covers invasion of personal privacy in the second degree: recording another person's intimate area without consent, and observing a person in a state of nudity for sexual gratification where that person has a reasonable expectation of personal privacy. Its definitions confirm that a recording made by drone still counts as a recording. Violations are a Class A misdemeanor.

ORS 163.701 covers invasion of personal privacy in the first degree, which is where recording a person in a state of nudity without consent belongs, along with repeat offenses. Violations are a Class C felony.

ORS 837.310 and 837.320 restrict law enforcement drone surveillance and require warrants or exigent circumstances.

ORS 837.380 provides a civil cause of action for property owners against drone operators who have flown over their property before and continue to do so after being told not to return.

Related Oregon Camera and Privacy Laws

• Oregon Recording Laws covers the consent rule that governs camera audio in Oregon.
• Oregon Security Camera Recording Rules explains the recording-law side of camera use.
• Oregon Biometric Privacy Laws addresses facial recognition and biometric data.
• Oregon Ring Doorbell Laws covers video doorbell rules in Oregon.

Common Camera Questions

These national guides answer the most common surveillance camera questions:

• HOA Security Camera Rules
• Neighbor Security Camera Laws
• Nanny Cam Laws
• Workplace Surveillance Camera Laws
• Landlord Security Camera Laws

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I put security cameras on my house in Oregon?

Yes. Oregon does not require a permit for residential security cameras. You can install video-only cameras on your own property to monitor your home, driveway, yard, and entry points. If your cameras record audio, you must notify anyone whose conversation may be captured under ORS 165.540. Cameras must not be aimed at areas where neighbors have a reasonable expectation of privacy, such as the interior of their homes.

Is Oregon a one-party or all-party consent state for recording?

Oregon uses a split system. For telephone calls, Oregon follows one-party consent, meaning one participant can record the call without telling the other. For in-person conversations and video calls, Oregon requires all-party notification. Under ORS 165.540(1)(c), all participants must be informed that their conversation is being recorded before recording begins. In Project Veritas v. Schmidt (January 2025), the Ninth Circuit upheld the in-person notification requirement; the court did not rule on the separate one-party consent rule for telephone calls.

Are nanny cams legal in Oregon?

Video-only nanny cams are legal in Oregon when placed in common areas of your home such as living rooms, kitchens, and playrooms. If the camera records audio, you must inform the caregiver in advance under ORS 165.540. Cameras must never be placed in bathrooms, bedrooms where the caregiver may change clothes, or other areas where the caregiver has a reasonable expectation of privacy.

Can my neighbor point a security camera at my property in Oregon?

A neighbor can legally point a camera toward areas of your property that are visible from public spaces, such as your front yard. However, a camera deliberately aimed to record inside your home through windows, into enclosed private areas, or to capture audio of your conversations without notification may violate ORS 163.700 or ORS 165.540. If you believe a neighbor's camera invades your privacy, document the situation and consult local law enforcement or an attorney.

What are the penalties for illegal surveillance in Oregon?

Most surveillance violations in Oregon are Class A misdemeanors, carrying up to 364 days in jail and a fine of up to $6,250. Knowingly recording a person in a state of nudity without consent, where that person is in a place and circumstances carrying a reasonable expectation of personal privacy, is invasion of personal privacy in the first degree under ORS 163.701, a Class C felony punishable by up to 5 years in prison and a fine of up to $125,000. A repeat privacy offense is charged the same way. The court may also require sex offender registration for first-degree violations.