Mississippi Background Check Laws (2026 Guide)

Mississippi imposes minimal state regulation on background checks, leaving private employers subject primarily to the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). The state mandates fingerprint-based checks for healthcare, childcare, and school employees under Mississippi Code but has no active Ban the Box law as of 2026.

Last verified: September 2026. This page reflects current Mississippi Code, federal FCRA provisions, and the outcome of 2026 legislation.

Table of Contents

• Overview of Mississippi Background Check Laws
• Employment Background Checks in Mississippi
• Ban the Box Status in Mississippi
• Lookback Periods and the FCRA
• Healthcare and Childcare Background Checks
• Education Employee Background Checks
• Housing and Tenant Screening
• Professional Licensing Background Checks
• Criminal Records Access in Mississippi
• Firearms Background Checks
• Expungement of Criminal Records
• EEOC Guidance and Disparate Impact
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Sources and References

Overview of Mississippi Background Check Laws

Mississippi takes a minimal approach to regulating background checks at the state level. Unlike states such as California, New York, or Illinois, Mississippi has not enacted broad statutes governing how private employers, landlords, or licensing boards must handle criminal history information during screening.

For most private-sector employment decisions, Mississippi defers to federal law. The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) sets the primary rules when employers use third-party consumer reporting agencies to conduct background checks.

Mississippi does impose its own procedural duties on anyone who obtains state criminal history records for screening purposes. Those rules, in Mississippi Code Section 45-27-12, govern how a record may be requested and used rather than whether an employer may consider it.

Where Mississippi does regulate background checks more strictly is in specific sectors. State law mandates fingerprint-based criminal history checks for healthcare workers, childcare employees, and public school personnel. These checks run through the Mississippi Criminal Information Center (MCIC) and the FBI's national database.

Mississippi also lacks its own state fair housing act, relying instead on the federal Fair Housing Act for tenant screening standards. The state does not impose any restrictions on how far back a criminal background check can reach beyond what federal law requires.

Employment Background Checks in Mississippi

General Private Employment

Mississippi does not have a comprehensive state law governing employment background checks for private-sector employers. There is no state statute requiring employers to conduct background checks, nor is there a state law that broadly restricts when or how private employers may inquire about an applicant's criminal history. State law does, however, regulate the mechanics of obtaining criminal history records from the state, as described below.

When a private employer in Mississippi uses a consumer reporting agency (CRA) to run a background check, the employer must follow the federal FCRA. Under the FCRA, employers must provide written notice to the applicant that a background check may be conducted. The applicant must give written consent before the check proceeds.

If the employer decides to take an adverse employment action based on the results, the FCRA requires a two-step process. First, the employer must send the applicant a pre-adverse action notice that includes a copy of the consumer report and a summary of the applicant's rights. Then, after waiting a reasonable period, the employer may send the final adverse action notice.

State Duties Under Mississippi Code 45-27-12

Mississippi Code Section 45-27-12 governs the release of state conviction and arrest information for noncriminal justice purposes. It places enforceable duties on the employers and nongovernmental entities that request those records from the Mississippi Criminal Information Center:

• An employer or nongovernmental entity may receive state criminal history information only when authorized in writing by the subject of the record, or when authorized by state or federal law
• On requesting a check, the employer must provide proper identification and authorization information from the subject of the record, and must follow the policies the Center has established for such record checks
• Information released for noncriminal justice purposes may be used only for the purpose for which it was made available, and may not be re-disseminated
• No agency or individual may confirm the existence or nonexistence of criminal history record information to any person or organization that is not eligible to receive it
• A person's right to review their own criminal history record cannot be used by a prospective employer as a means of circumventing the procedures or fees that apply to noncriminal justice record checks

The Center may also impose procedures, fees, or restrictions reasonably necessary to secure the records and verify the identity of anyone seeking them. These duties attach to the state record check itself. They do not limit what an employer may do with criminal history obtained from a consumer reporting agency or from public court records, which remain governed by the FCRA and federal anti-discrimination law.

At-Will Employment Context

Mississippi is an at-will employment state. This means employers can generally decline to hire an applicant for any reason that does not violate federal anti-discrimination laws. In practice, this gives Mississippi employers broad discretion in how they weigh criminal history during hiring decisions.

However, this discretion is not unlimited. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act still applies to Mississippi employers with 15 or more employees, although the EEOC rescinded its 2012 enforcement guidance on arrest and conviction records on October 28, 2026, effective immediately.

Ban the Box Status in Mississippi

Current Law

As of September 2026, Mississippi does not have an active Ban the Box law for either public or private employers. The state has not enacted legislation that restricts when employers may ask about an applicant's criminal history during the hiring process.

Failed Legislation: HB 201 (2026)

House Bill 201, introduced in the 2026 Regular Session of the Mississippi Legislature, was titled the "Donald J. Trump Ban-the-Box Act." It would have applied only to public employers in Mississippi, but it died in committee on February 3, 2026, so Mississippi still has no ban-the-box law at any level.

As introduced, HB 201 defined a "public employer" as the State of Mississippi and any office, department, agency, division, bureau, commission, board, institution, hospital, college, university, airport authority, or other instrumentality of the state.

The bill would have prohibited public employers from asking an applicant to disclose criminal history information until the applicant had signed an appropriate waiver authorizing release, was being considered for a specific position, and had received an interview.

Key provisions of the failed HB 201 included:

• Public employers would have had to evaluate criminal history based on whether the offense is reasonably related to the duties of the position sought
• Employers would have had to consider the degree of rehabilitation demonstrated by the applicant
• An arrest that did not result in a conviction could not have been used to disqualify an applicant from public employment
• The employer would have had to inform the applicant of a potential adverse decision and give an opportunity to demonstrate inaccuracy in the background check report
• The law would not have applied to positions that legally require criminal history checks, including jobs involving direct interaction with minors or the elderly

Had it passed, HB 201 would have taken effect on July 1, 2026. It would not have applied to private employers.

Previous Attempts

Mississippi legislators have introduced Ban the Box bills in previous sessions. SB 2342 in 2023 and HB 486 in 2023 proposed similar restrictions for public employers. None of these earlier bills were enacted into law.

Lookback Periods and the FCRA

No State Lookback Limit

Mississippi has not enacted a state law that limits how far back a background check can reach. This means that, in the absence of federal restrictions, a background check in Mississippi can potentially report criminal history records from any time period.

Federal FCRA Restrictions

When a consumer reporting agency conducts the background check, the federal FCRA imposes a seven-year lookback limit on certain types of records for positions with an annual salary under $75,000:

• Arrests that did not result in conviction: Cannot be reported if older than seven years
• Civil suits and civil judgments: Cannot be reported if older than seven years
• Paid tax liens: Cannot be reported if older than seven years
• Accounts placed for collection: Cannot be reported if older than seven years

Critically, criminal convictions have no time limit under the FCRA. A consumer reporting agency can report a conviction regardless of how long ago it occurred, no matter the salary level.

For positions with an annual salary of $75,000 or more, the seven-year FCRA restrictions on non-conviction records do not apply.

Practical Impact

Because Mississippi has no additional state-level restrictions, employers using CRAs will see:

• All criminal convictions, regardless of age
• Non-conviction records (arrests, dismissed charges) from the past seven years for positions under $75,000
• All records for positions paying $75,000 or more

Employers conducting their own checks without a CRA are not bound by FCRA reporting limits, though they remain subject to Title VII when they use criminal history.

Healthcare and Childcare Background Checks

Mississippi Code 43-11-13: Healthcare Facilities

Mississippi Code Section 43-11-13 requires criminal history record checks for employees who provide direct patient care or services at licensed healthcare facilities, covering new employees hired on or after July 1, 2003, and employees hired before that date with documented disciplinary actions.

The section carried an automatic repealer set for July 1, 2020, which is why older copies of the code still show a repeal notice in the section heading. That repeal never took effect. The Legislature reenacted Section 43-11-13 in Chapter 473, Laws of 2020 and repealed the 2016 provision that would have ended it, and the Mississippi State Department of Health continues to administer these checks today.

Applicants must be fingerprinted. Fingerprints are submitted to the Mississippi Department of Public Safety, which checks state records through the Mississippi Criminal Information Center. If no disqualifying record is found at the state level, the fingerprints are forwarded to the FBI for a national criminal history record check.

Disqualifying Offenses

Under this section, an applicant is ineligible for employment at a licensed healthcare facility if the background check reveals a felony conviction, guilty plea, or plea of nolo contendere for any of the following offenses (unless reversed on appeal or pardoned):

• Possession or sale of drugs
• Murder or manslaughter
• Armed robbery
• Rape or sexual battery
• Any sex offense listed in Mississippi Code Section 45-33-23(h)
• Child abuse
• Arson
• Grand larceny
• Burglary
• Gratification of lust
• Aggravated assault
• Felonious abuse or battery of a vulnerable adult

Childcare Facilities

The Mississippi State Department of Health (MSDH) processes background checks for all Mississippi-licensed childcare facilities. The Comprehensive Background Check unit handles these checks at a cost of $50.00 per applicant.

Childcare facilities must comply with Mississippi Code Section 43-20-8, which requires criminal records, background, sex offender registry and child abuse registry checks for every current or prospective caregiver. Applicants must be fingerprinted, and if no disqualifying record is identified at the state level the fingerprints are forwarded by the Department of Public Safety to the FBI for a national criminal history record check. The same checks are required for the operators of a childcare facility and for anyone living in a residence used for child care.

Section 43-20-8 does not itself list disqualifying crimes. It gives the licensing agency authority to decide which crimes, or which substantiated findings of child abuse or neglect, disqualify a person from employment or licensure. Section 43-20-8 carried the same July 1, 2020 repealer as Section 43-11-13 and was reenacted by the same 2020 act, so it also remains in force.

Confidentiality

Under Mississippi law, criminal history record check information obtained through this process cannot be disseminated except as required to fulfill the purposes of the background check statute.

Education Employee Background Checks

Mississippi Code 37-9-17: School Employees

Mississippi requires fingerprinting and criminal background checks for all new hires in public school districts, including both licensed educators and non-instructional employees. Under Mississippi Code Section 37-9-17, school superintendents and private firms contracted to provide substitute teachers must obtain current criminal records checks and child abuse registry checks.

The process follows the same framework as healthcare checks. Applicants are fingerprinted, and prints are submitted to the Department of Public Safety for state-level screening and then forwarded to the FBI for national checks.

Disqualifying Offenses for School Employees

The list of disqualifying felony convictions for school employment mirrors the healthcare list:

• Possession or sale of drugs
• Murder or manslaughter
• Armed robbery
• Rape or sexual battery
• Sex offenses listed under Section 45-33-23
• Child abuse
• Arson
• Grand larceny
• Burglary
• Gratification of lust
• Aggravated assault

Fees

The fee for fingerprinting and criminal history record checks cannot exceed $50.00. The applicant typically pays this fee, though the State Board of Education, local school board, or a private staffing firm may choose to cover the cost on behalf of the applicant.

Charter School Employees

Under Mississippi Code Section 37-28-49, charter school employees are also subject to criminal history record checks and fingerprinting requirements. A charter school may terminate an employee based on certain disqualifying offenses revealed through the background check process.

Housing and Tenant Screening

No State-Level Restrictions

Mississippi does not have a state law that restricts how landlords use criminal history information when screening tenants. Unlike states such as New Jersey, Oregon, or Colorado, Mississippi has not enacted "fair chance housing" legislation.

Landlords in Mississippi can conduct criminal background checks on prospective tenants, and they can consider criminal history as part of their screening criteria. There is no state-imposed limit on how far back a landlord may look into an applicant's criminal record.

Consent Requirements

While Mississippi does not restrict the scope of tenant screening, landlords must obtain the prospective tenant's consent before running a background check. This is a requirement under the federal FCRA when the landlord uses a consumer reporting agency.

Application Fees

Mississippi does not cap rental application fees. Landlords may charge any amount they choose for the application and screening process. There is no requirement that application fees be refundable.

Federal Fair Housing Protections

Mississippi does not have its own state fair housing act. Landlords must follow the federal Fair Housing Act, which prohibits discrimination based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, and disability.

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has issued guidance stating that blanket bans on renting to anyone with a criminal record may violate the Fair Housing Act if such policies have a disparate impact on protected classes. Landlords should apply screening criteria consistently and evaluate criminal history on a case-by-case basis.

Professional Licensing Background Checks

Healthcare Professional Licensing

The Mississippi State Department of Health oversees professional licensing for various healthcare roles. The MSDH Professional Licensure division administers background checks as part of the licensing process.

The Mississippi Board of Nursing requires fingerprint-based criminal background checks for all nurse licensure applicants. Only fingerprints and comprehensive background checks performed through the Mississippi Board of Nursing are accepted for nursing license applications.

Other Licensed Professions

The Mississippi State Board of Medical Licensure requires background checks for physician licensing. Various other professional boards in Mississippi also require criminal history checks as a condition of licensure, including boards governing:

• Pharmacy
• Dental practice
• Real estate
• Law enforcement certification

Each licensing board may have its own set of disqualifying offenses and evaluation criteria.

Criminal Records Access in Mississippi

Public Records Law

Under the Mississippi Public Records Act of 1983, Section 25-61-5 declares all public records to be public property and gives any person the right to inspect, copy, or obtain a reproduction of a public record held by a public body, subject to the exemptions elsewhere in the act. Section 25-61-3 is the definitions section of that act, defining terms such as "public body" and "public records," and does not itself create the right of access.

The Public Records Act does not open the state's central criminal history repository to the general public. Access to those records runs through the Department of Public Safety process described below.

Mississippi Criminal Information Center

The Department of Public Safety Criminal Information Center (CIC) maintains Mississippi's criminal records. The CIC serves as the state's primary conduit for information exchange with the FBI's National Crime Information Center (NCIC) system.

The CIC does not offer an online portal for public criminal records searches. To obtain a criminal record, you must complete a Release Background Authorization Form and submit it with a $32 money order and a copy of a state-issued ID to the Mississippi Bureau of Investigation.

Restrictions on Misdemeanor Disclosure

Mississippi Code Section 25-1-109 prohibits a law enforcement agency from disclosing the name of any person arrested for a misdemeanor, issued a citation, or held for a misdemeanor, unless that person is formally charged and arrested for the offense.

That rule carries express exceptions written into the statute. The information may still be disclosed to other law enforcement agencies, and to the Mississippi Department of Human Services or to child day care providers where it is used to help determine whether a person is suitable to serve as a child care provider or child service worker.

Processing Time

Background checks processed through the Department of Public Safety may take up to 30 days to complete.

Firearms Background Checks

Licensed Dealer Sales

Mississippi is not a point-of-contact state for the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). Firearms dealers in Mississippi conduct background checks directly through the FBI rather than through a state agency.

All purchases from licensed firearms dealers require the buyer to complete ATF Form 4473 and pass a NICS background check. Mississippi does not impose any additional state-level requirements or waiting periods beyond the federal check.

Private Sales

Mississippi does not require background checks for private, individual-to-individual firearms transfers. Private sales between individuals can proceed without a background check, permit, or registration.

Both parties in a private sale remain subject to federal law, which prohibits selling firearms to individuals who are known to be prohibited from possessing them.

Expungement of Criminal Records

Current Expungement Law

Under Mississippi Code Section 99-19-71, Mississippi allows expungement of certain criminal records through a petition process.

Misdemeanor expungement: First-time offenders convicted of a non-traffic misdemeanor may petition the court for expungement. The petition can be filed immediately after completing all terms and conditions of the sentence.

Felony expungement: Individuals with a first felony conviction may petition for expungement, but they must wait three years after completing all terms and conditions of the sentence. Only one felony conviction may be expunged.

Offenses That Cannot Be Expunged

Mississippi law excludes numerous serious offenses from expungement eligibility. Convictions for the following crimes cannot be expunged:

• Murder and manslaughter
• Aggravated assault
• Kidnapping
• Arson
• Burglary of a dwelling
• Robbery and carjacking
• Rape and sexual battery
• Child abuse and child exploitation
• Human trafficking
• Drive-by shooting
• Shooting into a dwelling
• Gratification of lust and voyeurism

Impact on Background Checks

Once a record is successfully expunged, it should not appear on standard background checks. An expunged record is removed from public records, and the individual may legally state that the conviction does not exist for purposes of employment applications and other inquiries.

Proposed Clean Slate Legislation

In 2024, multiple bills were introduced in the Mississippi Legislature to create automatic expungement processes. HB 801 proposed automatic expungement of eligible misdemeanor convictions after seven years and eligible felony convictions after ten years. SB 2610, titled the "Mississippi Clean Slate Act," proposed automatic expungement for certain minor misdemeanors after seven years.

None of these Clean Slate bills were enacted into law as of September 2026. Expungement in Mississippi still requires filing a petition with the court.

EEOC Guidance and Disparate Impact

Federal Enforcement Guidance

Even without state-level regulation, Mississippi employers remain subject to Title VII when they use criminal history in employment decisions. The EEOC voted on October 28, 2026 to rescind its Enforcement Guidance on the Consideration of Arrest and Conviction Records, effective immediately.

In the withdrawn guidance, the EEOC had found that blanket criminal record exclusion policies can have a disparate impact on the basis of race and national origin. Disparate impact liability itself survives the rescission under 42 U.S.C. 2000e-2(k). National data shows that criminal record exclusions disproportionately affect certain racial groups, even when applied uniformly.

Individualized Assessment

The withdrawn guidance recommended that employers conduct individualized assessments when considering criminal history. That meant evaluating:

• The nature and gravity of the offense
• The time that has passed since the offense or completion of the sentence
• The nature of the job held or sought

Employers who use this individualized assessment framework are better positioned to defend their hiring decisions against disparate impact claims.

Application to Mississippi

Mississippi falls within the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals. Employers in the state should retain written documentation of their criminal history evaluation criteria and the basis for individual hiring decisions. Automatic disqualification policies based solely on the existence of a criminal record carry significant legal risk under Title VII.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Mississippi have a Ban the Box law?

No. Mississippi does not have a Ban the Box law for public or private employers. The most recent attempt, House Bill 201 in the 2026 Regular Session, would have applied to public employers only, and it died in committee on February 3, 2026. Private employers in Mississippi face no state restrictions on when they may ask about criminal history.

How far back do background checks go in Mississippi?

Mississippi has no state-level lookback limit. Criminal convictions can be reported indefinitely. When a consumer reporting agency conducts the check, the federal FCRA limits reporting of non-conviction records (such as arrests without conviction) to seven years for positions paying under $75,000. For positions paying $75,000 or more, there is no time limit on any records.

What industries in Mississippi require mandatory background checks?

Mississippi mandates fingerprint-based criminal background checks for healthcare facility employees who provide direct patient care under Mississippi Code 43-11-13, for childcare facility caregivers and operators under Mississippi Code 43-20-8, for public school employees including teachers and non-instructional staff under Mississippi Code 37-9-17, and for charter school employees under Mississippi Code 37-28-49. The healthcare and childcare sections carried a July 1, 2020 sunset, but the Legislature reenacted both in 2020 and repealed the sunset, so both remain in force. Various professional licensing boards also require background checks.

What must a Mississippi employer do to run a state criminal history check?

Under Mississippi Code Section 45-27-12, an employer or other nongovernmental entity may obtain state conviction and arrest information from the Mississippi Criminal Information Center only with the written authorization of the person being checked, or where state or federal law authorizes the release. The employer must provide proper identification and authorization information from that person and follow the Center's policies for record checks. Information released this way may be used only for the purpose it was released for and may not be passed on to anyone else.

Can a landlord in Mississippi deny a rental application based on criminal history?

Yes. Mississippi does not have a state law restricting how landlords use criminal history in tenant screening. However, landlords must still comply with the federal Fair Housing Act. HUD guidance warns that blanket criminal history bans in housing may violate fair housing laws if they have a disparate impact on protected classes. Landlords should apply consistent criteria and evaluate criminal history on a case-by-case basis.

Can I get my criminal record expunged in Mississippi?

It depends on the offense. First-time offenders with non-traffic misdemeanor convictions may petition for expungement immediately after completing their sentence. First-time felony offenders may petition three years after completing their sentence, but only one felony can be expunged. Serious violent crimes, sex offenses, and certain other felonies cannot be expunged under Mississippi Code Section 99-19-71.