Mississippi Grandparents' Rights: The Martin v. Coop Factors Explained

Mississippi's grandparent-visitation statute has a specific, court-built rule that most other states do not: a Mississippi court is not supposed to give a grandparent as much time with a child as it would give a non-custodial parent, absent overwhelming circumstances. That rule, and the broader standard around it, comes from a pair of Mississippi Supreme Court decisions, not from the statute's own words.

No grandparent in Mississippi, or anywhere in the country, has an automatic right to visitation. Mississippi's courts have built a real, tested framework around that principle that is worth understanding before filing.

Information last verified on 2026-08-12. This article has not yet been reviewed by a licensed lawyer.

Mississippi's Grandparent Visitation Statute

Section 93-16-3 sets up two separate routes, and which one applies decides how hard the case is.

Subsection (1) covers the grandparent whose family has already been through a court proceeding or a death. It applies whenever a Mississippi court enters a decree or order awarding custody of a minor child to one of the child's parents, or terminates the parental rights of one parent, or whenever one of the child's parents dies. Its phrase "either parent of the child's parents" means the grandparents themselves, so it is the grandparent who files, not the child's surviving parent filing on the grandparent's behalf. Read the custody trigger precisely: the decree has to award custody to one parent. The words "divorce" and "separation" appear nowhere in the section, so a divorce decree that splits custody jointly between two parents leaves the grandparent outside subsection (1).

Every other grandparent files under subsection (2), and that is the harder track. There the court may grant visitation only if the grandparent establishes a "viable relationship" with the child, that the parent or custodian unreasonably denied visitation, and that visitation would be in the child's best interest. Those two showings belong to subsection (2) alone; a subsection (1) grandparent is not asked to make them, though that grandparent still has to satisfy the court that visitation serves the child's best interest under Section 93-16-5 and the Martin factors below.

Subsection (3) defines "viable relationship" as any one of three things: the grandparents voluntarily and in good faith supported the child financially, in whole or in part, for at least six months before filing; the grandparents had frequent visitation including occasional overnight visitation with the child for at least one year; or the grandparents cared for the child over a significant period while a parent was in jail or on military duty requiring absence from the home. Note how modest the overnight element is. The statute asks for a year of frequent visitation of which overnight stays are an occasional part, not a year of overnight stays.

Martin v. Coop: The 10-Factor Test That Actually Governs

Martin v. Coop, 693 So. 2d 912 (Miss. 1997), created the framework Mississippi courts still apply today, generally called the Martin factors. The test weighs ten considerations, including the amount of disruption a visitation order would cause to the child's routine, the suitability of the grandparent's home, the ages and health of everyone involved, the emotional bonds between grandparent and child, the moral fitness of the parties, the distance between the grandparent's home and the child's, the potential for the order to undermine the parent's authority and discipline, and the grandparent's willingness to accept that the parent, not the grandparent, has the primary role in raising the child.

The most important, and most concrete, piece of Martin for readers to understand is this: the decision expressly holds that visitation awarded to a grandparent should be LESS than what a non-custodial parent would receive, absent overwhelming circumstances. That is a useful, honest data point for anyone assuming grandparent visitation looks like a standard custody schedule; in Mississippi, it typically does not.

Zeman v. Stanford: Why the Narrowed Reading Survives Troxel

Zeman v. Stanford, 789 So. 2d 798 (Miss. 2001), addressed Section 93-16-3 directly in light of Troxel v. Granville. The Mississippi Supreme Court held that the narrower reading Mississippi courts had already given the statute through Martin v. Coop is exactly the kind of limitation Troxel found missing in the Washington statute it struck down. In other words, Martin's protective limits are what keep Mississippi's law constitutional. In Zeman itself, the court affirmed a chancellor's award of one weekend a month, alternating holidays, and one week in the summer, and reiterated that grandparent visitation must not interfere with a parent's right to raise the child.

Custody: A Separate, Codified Track

Mississippi's guardianship-of-minor statute, Miss. Code Ann. Section 93-20-201, permits a court to appoint a guardian when each parent consents after being fully informed, all parental rights have been terminated, or there is clear and convincing evidence that no parent is willing or able to care for the child. That is a real, codified threshold, and a genuinely separate and harder track than visitation. See Mississippi child custody laws for the fuller picture.

Adoption

Mississippi's grandparent-visitation chapter generally does not apply to a child who has been adopted, with two exceptions: when one of the adoptive or legal parents is also a natural parent of the child, which covers most stepparent-style adoptions, or when the grandparent was related to the child by blood or marriage before the adoption.

Filing for Visitation: Court, Process, and Cost

Section 93-16-3 names the court itself. A grandparent proceeding under subsection (1) petitions the court that rendered the custody or termination decree; where the petition follows a parent's death, it goes to the chancery court in the county where the child resides. A subsection (2) petition goes to chancery court, and subsection (4) fixes the county: where an order of custody as to the child has previously been entered, or, if no custody order has been entered, where the child resides or may be found.

There is no official statewide fee schedule found for this petition. Confirm the current filing fee with the Chancery Court where you plan to file.

The filing fee is not the cost that should drive your decision. Subsection (4), as amended in 2019, provides that upon a showing of financial hardship for the parents, the court "shall" on the parents' motion direct the grandparents to pay the parents' reasonable attorney's fees "at any time, including before a hearing," and "without regard to the outcome of the petition." Once hardship is shown that order is mandatory, it can land before the case is ever heard, and the money is owed even if the grandparent ultimately wins. Budget for it before you file.

Consider Mediation Before You File

Given that Martin's own framework asks a grandparent to accept a lesser role than a parent, and that a contested Chancery Court case brings real cost, delay, and family strain, it is worth exhausting informal options first. Before filing, consider a direct conversation with the parent if that is realistic, a trusted family member as an intermediary, or a mediator experienced in family disputes.

What Are Your Realistic Odds in Mississippi?

Mississippi's framework is real and tested, having survived a direct Troxel challenge in Zeman, but it comes with a built-in ceiling: even a successful petition will typically result in less time than a non-custodial parent would get, absent overwhelming circumstances. A grandparent who qualifies under subsection (1), after a decree awarding custody to one parent, a termination of parental rights, or a parent's death, starts from the easier position. A subsection (2) petitioner needs documented proof of a viable relationship, whether that is six months of support, a year of frequent visitation with occasional overnights, or care during a parent's incarceration or military service, plus evidence that visitation was unreasonably denied, and should weigh the fee-shifting exposure described above before filing. Either way, a family-law attorney licensed in Mississippi can assess how your specific facts fit the Martin factors.

Disclaimer

This article provides general information about Mississippi grandparent visitation and custody law. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney-client relationship. Outcomes depend heavily on the specific facts of a family's situation. Verify current statutory text and details with the Chancery Court where you plan to file or a licensed Mississippi attorney before relying on anything here for a specific situation.

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Last updated: 2026-08-12.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can grandparents get visitation rights in Mississippi?

Yes, but not automatically, and the route matters. Section 93-16-3(1) lets a grandparent petition after a court awards custody of the child to one parent, terminates one parent's rights, or after a parent dies. Any other grandparent petitions under subsection (2) and must prove a viable relationship with the child, that visitation was unreasonably denied, and that visitation is in the child's best interest. Divorce by itself is not a trigger; the decree has to award custody to one parent.

What is the Martin factors test in Mississippi?

The 10-factor test from Martin v. Coop, 693 So. 2d 912 (Miss. 1997), that Mississippi courts use to decide grandparent visitation. It expressly instructs courts to award grandparents LESS visitation than a non-custodial parent would get, absent overwhelming circumstances.

Did Mississippi's grandparent visitation law survive a Troxel challenge?

Yes. Zeman v. Stanford, 789 So. 2d 798 (Miss. 2001), held that the narrower reading Mississippi courts had already given the statute through Martin v. Coop is exactly what let it survive scrutiny after Troxel v. Granville.

Does Mississippi grandparent visitation survive an adoption?

Generally not, with two exceptions: when a legal or adoptive parent is also a natural parent of the child, or when the grandparent was related to the child by blood or marriage before the adoption.

What court hears grandparent visitation cases in Mississippi?

Chancery Court, which Section 93-16-3 names expressly. For a subsection (2) petition, subsection (4) sets the county: where a custody order for the child was previously entered, or, if none was entered, where the child resides or may be found.