Personal InjuryPunitive Damages LawsMinnesota Laws flagMinnesota Laws
Minnesota flag

Minnesota

Minnesota Punitive Damages Laws: Standard, Pleading and Caps (2026)

Independently fact-checkedBy Recording Law Editorial Team23 min read

Independently fact-checked against primary sources (last audited October 19, 2026). · 31 primary sources cited on this page. How we verify our legal content

Minnesota Punitive Damages Laws: Standard, Pleading and Caps (2026)

Minnesota allows punitive damages in civil actions, but Minnesota Statutes section 549.20 permits them "only upon clear and convincing evidence that the acts of the defendant show deliberate disregard for the rights or safety of others." No Minnesota statute sets a general dollar cap or ratio on punitive damages; instead, the trial court must review every award against listed factors and make specific findings, and some statutes for particular claims set their own limits.

Minnesota also controls when the claim can enter a case: under section 549.191, the original complaint may not ask for punitive damages, and a party must later move to amend with affidavits. Punitive damages are expressly allowed in wrongful death actions (573.02) and in drunk or drugged driving crash cases (169A.76). In tort claims, the state will not pay them and a municipal tort award under section 466.04 may not include them, though some statutes for particular claims allow them against government bodies. For how other states compare, see punitive damages laws by state.

Information last verified on 2026-10-18. This article has not been reviewed by a licensed lawyer.

Jurisdiction scope: This article covers Minnesota state law on punitive damages in civil cases: Minnesota Statutes sections 549.20 and 549.191 and the other statutes and decision named below. It does not cover compensatory or noneconomic damages in medical malpractice cases (see Minnesota medical malpractice law), wrongful-death procedure, deadlines and beneficiaries (see Minnesota wrongful death law), federal claims, or every statute that authorizes punitive or exemplary damages for a particular claim beyond those named here.

Does Minnesota allow punitive damages?

Yes, within the limits of section 549.20. Subdivision 1(a) provides:

"Punitive damages shall be allowed in civil actions only upon clear and convincing evidence that the acts of the defendant show deliberate disregard for the rights or safety of others."

The same statute governs when an employer or other principal can be held liable, what the jury weighs in setting the amount, whether the amount is tried separately, and how the courts review it. Section 549.191 governs how the claim is added to a lawsuit. Other statutes apply these rules to particular claims, including wrongful death (573.02), impaired-driving crashes (169A.76) and discrimination cases under chapter 363A, and several set their own limits.

Several Minnesota statutes use the term "exemplary damages"; section 60A.06 refers to "punitive and exemplary damages" together, and several of the claim-specific statutes below use the word exemplary.

What must be proven

Burden of proof: clear and convincing evidence. Section 549.20, subd. 1(a) sets this standard by statute.

Minnesota punitive damages laws: the standard of proof

Deliberate disregard. Subdivision 1(b) defines the conduct:

"A defendant has acted with deliberate disregard for the rights or safety of others if the defendant has knowledge of facts or intentionally disregards facts that create a high probability of injury to the rights or safety of others and: (1) deliberately proceeds to act in conscious or intentional disregard of the high degree of probability of injury to the rights or safety of others; or (2) deliberately proceeds to act with indifference to the high probability of injury to the rights or safety of others."

Both parts matter: the defendant must know of, or intentionally disregard, facts creating a high probability of injury, and then deliberately proceed either in conscious or intentional disregard of that probability or with indifference to it.

Employers and other principals. Under 549.20, subd. 2, punitive damages "can properly be awarded against a master or principal because of an act done by an agent only if":

  1. the principal authorized the doing and the manner of the act;
  2. the agent was unfit and the principal deliberately disregarded a high probability that the agent was unfit;
  3. the agent was employed in a managerial capacity with authority to establish policy and make planning level decisions for the principal and was acting in the scope of that employment; or
  4. the principal or such a managerial agent ratified or approved the act while knowing of its character and probable consequences.

Adding a punitive damages claim: the 549.191 motion

Minnesota does not let a plaintiff plead punitive damages at the start of a case. Section 549.191 provides:

"Upon commencement of a civil action, the complaint must not seek punitive damages. After filing the suit a party may make a motion to amend the pleadings to claim punitive damages. The motion must allege the applicable legal basis under section 549.20 or other law for awarding punitive damages in the action and must be accompanied by one or more affidavits showing the factual basis for the claim. At the hearing on the motion, if the court finds prima facie evidence in support of the motion, the court shall grant the moving party permission to amend the pleadings to claim punitive damages."

The statute adds that, "for purposes of tolling the statute of limitations, pleadings amended under this section relate back to the time the action was commenced." For filing deadlines generally, see Minnesota statute of limitations.

How the amount is decided and reviewed

Factors. Section 549.20, subd. 3 requires that any award "be measured by those factors which justly bear upon the purpose of punitive damages, including":

  • the seriousness of hazard to the public arising from the defendant's misconduct;
  • the profitability of the misconduct to the defendant;
  • the duration of the misconduct and any concealment of it;
  • the degree of the defendant's awareness of the hazard and of its excessiveness;
  • the attitude and conduct of the defendant upon discovery of the misconduct;
  • the number and level of employees involved in causing or concealing the misconduct;
  • the financial condition of the defendant; and
  • "the total effect of other punishment likely to be imposed upon the defendant as a result of the misconduct, including compensatory and punitive damage awards to the plaintiff and other similarly situated persons, and the severity of any criminal penalty to which the defendant may be subject."

Separate proceeding on request. Under subd. 4, if any party asks, the trier of fact first decides whether compensatory damages are awarded. "Evidence of the financial condition of the defendant and other evidence relevant only to punitive damages is not admissible in that proceeding." Whether and in what amount punitive damages are awarded is then decided "in a separate proceeding."

Judicial review. Under subd. 5, "the court shall specifically review the punitive damages award in light of the factors set forth in subdivision 3 and shall make specific findings with respect to them." Any appellate court also reviews the award against those factors, and "nothing in this section may be construed to restrict either court's authority to limit punitive damages."

Is there a cap on punitive damages in Minnesota?

There is no general cap. Section 549.20 sets no dollar limit and no ratio to compensatory damages; the control on size is the factor review in subdivisions 3 and 5. The U.S. Supreme Court's due-process limits on the size of punitive awards also apply to Minnesota verdicts; the punitive damages hub explains them. Under federal law, punitive damages are generally taxable income, even when they arise from a physical injury (26 U.S.C. 104(a)(2)); the personal injury settlement amounts guide covers taxes.

Some statutes for particular claims set their own limits, each in its own measure:

StatuteWhat the statute provides
363A.33, subd. 8(b)Where a political subdivision is a respondent, total punitive damages to an aggrieved party "may not exceed $25,000"
363A.29, subd. 4An administrative law judge may award punitive damages "in an amount not more than $25,000 pursuant to section 549.20"
604.12, subd. 3Where a place of public accommodation restricts access solely because a person operates a motorcycle or wears clothing displaying the name of an organization or association, punitive damages under 549.191 and 549.20 "in an amount not to exceed $500"
604.14, subd. 1A person who steals personal property owes its value plus punitive damages "of either $50 or up to 100 percent of its value when stolen, whichever is greater"
626.557, subds. 6 and 17(b)Punitive damages "up to $10,000" for an intentionally false report under that section, and for retaliation because of a report of suspected maltreatment
176.82, subd. 1Punitive damages "not to exceed three times the amount of any compensation benefit to which the employee is entitled" for discharging, threatening or intentionally obstructing an employee seeking workers' compensation benefits
462.358, subd. 4aPunitive damages "not exceeding five per centum of the purchase price of the land" to a buyer who establishes a right to damages
504B.271, subd. 2A tenant shall recover punitive damages "not to exceed twice the actual damages or $1,000, whichever is greater" when a landlord fails to let the tenant retake personal property after written demand
504B.178, subd. 7Bad faith retention of a deposit: punitive damages "not to exceed $500 for each deposit"
325F.63, subd. 1Punitive damages "not to exceed three times the total charges" for a violation of section 325F.61 involving a repaired motor vehicle or appliance
325C.03(b)For willful and malicious misappropriation, exemplary damages "not exceeding twice any award made under paragraph (a)"
60A.0789(c)Exemplary damages "up to two times the death benefits" for a willful violation of sections 60A.078 to 60A.0789, paid to government agencies (see below)
13.08, subd. 1For a willful violation of chapter 13 (Government Data Practices Act), a government entity is liable for exemplary damages "of not less than $1,000, nor more than $15,000 for each violation"; the state is deemed to have waived immunity
13.825, subd. 12For a willful violation of that section, a law enforcement agency faces exemplary damages "not less than twice the minimum, nor more than twice the maximum allowable for exemplary damages under section 13.08, subdivision 1"
325N.06(c)Exemplary damages "up to 1-1/2 times the compensation charged by the solicitor" where the solicitor violated section 325N.04, clause (1), (2) or (4), and the conduct was in bad faith
325N.18, subd. 2Exemplary damages "of any amount," but if awarded, "not less than 1-1/2 times the owner's actual damages" (a floor, not a ceiling)
182.666, subd. 5aAn employer who knowingly violates section 182.6575 (employees may not be required to waive occupational safety and health rights) is liable to each aggrieved employee for "civil punitive damages of $400"
181.68, subd. 1In an action for wages paid at a rate that violates section 181.67 (wage discrimination based on sex), "an amount up to the amount of these unpaid wages" as exemplary damages, at the court's discretion

Some statutes rule punitive damages out entirely. For example, an insured suing an insurer under the bad-faith statute, section 604.18, "may not also recover punitive or exemplary damages" for a violation of that section (604.18, subd. 3(b)).

Claims against the state and municipalities are covered separately below.

Does Minnesota take a share of the award?

Not generally. Section 549.20 gives the state or a fund no share of a punitive award. One claim-specific statute works differently: when a person receives death benefits through a willful violation of sections 60A.078 to 60A.0789, "the exemplary damages shall be paid to one or more governmental agencies charged with combating consumer fraud, including the Department of Commerce" (60A.0789(c)).

Punitive damages in Minnesota wrongful death cases

Minnesota's wrongful death statute expressly allows them. Section 573.02, subd. 1 describes the recovery in a death action as "the amount the jury deems fair and just for all damages suffered by the decedent resulting from the injury prior to the decedent's death and the pecuniary loss resulting from the death," and then provides: "Punitive damages may be awarded as provided in section 549.20."

So the same clear and convincing deliberate-disregard standard, the factor review and the 549.191 pleading rule apply in a death case. Who brings the action, who shares in the recovery and the filing deadlines are on the Minnesota wrongful death page.

Drunk and drugged driving crashes

Section 169A.76 provides that "in a civil action involving a motor vehicle accident, it is sufficient for the trier of fact to consider an award of punitive damages if there is evidence that the accident was caused by a driver":

  1. with an alcohol concentration of 0.08 or more;
  2. who was under the influence of a controlled substance;
  3. who was under the influence of alcohol and refused to take a test required under section 169A.51 (chemical tests for intoxication); or
  4. who was under the influence of an intoxicating substance and knows or has reason to know that the substance has the capacity to cause impairment.

"A criminal charge or conviction is not a prerequisite to consideration of punitive damages under this section." Evidence that the driver was convicted of driving while impaired (169A.20) or criminal vehicular homicide or injury (609.2112, 609.2113 or 609.2114) is admissible at a trial where the trier of fact will consider punitive damages (169A.76(b)). The statute makes that evidence sufficient for the trier of fact to consider punitive damages; it does not itself require an award. For the rest of a crash claim, see Minnesota car accident laws.

Government defendants and public employees

The State of Minnesota. Section 3.736, the state tort claims statute, ends its list of excluded losses in subdivision 3 with the rule: "The state will not pay punitive damages."

Municipalities. Section 466.04, subd. 1(b) provides: "No award for damages on any such claim shall include punitive damages." The same subdivision sets the municipal liability limits, such as $500,000 for a claim for death by wrongful act or omission, $500,000 to any claimant in any other case, and $1,500,000 for any number of claims arising out of a single occurrence, for claims arising on or after July 1, 2009.

Some statutes for particular claims differ. The 3.736 and 466.04 bars apply to tort claims under those sections. Under the Government Data Practices Act, for a willful violation "the government entity shall, in addition, be liable to exemplary damages of not less than $1,000, nor more than $15,000 for each violation," and "the state is deemed to have waived any immunity to a cause of action brought under this chapter" (13.08, subd. 1). In a discrimination case under chapter 363A, a political subdivision may be ordered to pay punitive damages, with a $25,000 total limit (363A.33, subd. 8(b); see below).

Individual municipal officers and employees. Section 466.07, subd. 1 requires a municipality, subject to the 466.04 limits, to "defend and indemnify any of its officers and employees, whether elective or appointive, for damages, including punitive damages, claimed or levied against the officer or employee," provided the officer or employee was acting in the performance of the duties of the position and "was not guilty of malfeasance in office, willful neglect of duty, or bad faith."

In Rosenbloom v. Flygare, 501 N.W.2d 597 (Minn. 1993), the Minnesota Supreme Court rejected the argument that a deputy sheriff's ability to pay should be disregarded because the county would pay, noting that "there is a statutory prohibition against awarding punitive damages against a county," and held that the award "simply exceeds any realistic appraisal" of his ability to pay. The court added that the county, if it had any liability for the punitive damages, "is obligated only to indemnify" the deputy.

Discrimination claims under chapter 363A

In a court action under chapter 363A, "the court may also order the respondent to pay an aggrieved party punitive damages pursuant to section 549.20," and in a jury case "the jury shall determine the amount of all damages to be awarded" (363A.33, subd. 8(a)). Where a political subdivision is a respondent, total punitive damages to an aggrieved party "may not exceed $25,000," and they may be apportioned among two or more respondents (subd. 8(b)).

Minnesota punitive damages laws: evidence and corporate records

In the administrative route, an administrative law judge may order a respondent to pay an aggrieved party who has suffered discrimination "punitive damages in an amount not more than $25,000 pursuant to section 549.20" (363A.29, subd. 4).

Arbitration

Under Minn. Stat. 572B.21, "an arbitrator may award punitive damages or other exemplary relief if such an award is authorized by law in a civil action involving the same claim and the evidence produced at the hearing justifies the award under the legal standards otherwise applicable to the claim."

Does insurance pay punitive damages in Minnesota?

A Minnesota statute allows coverage for vicarious liability. Section 60A.06, subd. 4 provides that an insurer "may insure against vicarious liability for punitive and exemplary damages" within the liability lines it is authorized to write. That subdivision addresses only vicarious liability, such as an employer held liable for an employee's act. Separately, a municipality may buy liability insurance for itself and its officers, employees and agents "for damages, including punitive damages," resulting from their torts (466.06).

For an insured's own conduct, the Minnesota Supreme Court said in Wojciak v. Northern Package Corp., 310 N.W.2d 675 (Minn. 1981), that "in most instances public policy should prohibit a person from insuring himself against misconduct of a character serious enough to warrant punitive damages," while holding that coverage for the punitive damages recoverable under section 176.82 "is not violative of public policy." In Rosenbloom v. Flygare (1993) the court repeated that it has "been most reluctant to permit insurance against liability for punitive damages."

Policy wording also matters. In Caspersen v. Webber, 298 Minn. 93 (1973), a homeowner's policy covering damages "because of bodily injury" did not cover the punitive award, because the punitive damages "were not awarded because of bodily injury."

Minnesota punitive damages at a glance

QuestionMinnesota ruleSource
Where the rule comes fromStatute regulates punitive damages in civil actionsMinn. Stat. 549.20
Conduct standardDeliberate disregard for the rights or safety of others, as defined549.20, subd. 1
Burden of proofClear and convincing evidence549.20, subd. 1(a)
PleadingNot in the original complaint; motion to amend with affidavits, leave on prima facie evidence549.191
Employer liabilityFour routes only: authorization, unfit agent, managerial agent, ratification549.20, subd. 2
Separate trial on amountOn request of any party549.20, subd. 4
General cap or ratioNone; mandatory court review against statutory factors; claim-specific limits in some statutes549.20, subds. 3, 5; for example 363A.33, 604.12, 325C.03(b)
Statutes that rule them outSome do, for example insurer bad-faith claims under 604.18604.18, subd. 3(b)
State shareNone generally; 60A.0789(c) exemplary damages go to government agencies549.20; 60A.0789(c)
Wrongful deathAllowed as provided in 549.20573.02, subd. 1
Drunk or drugged drivingListed impairment evidence is enough for the jury to consider them; no charge or conviction needed169A.76
State and municipalitiesIn tort claims, the state will not pay and no municipal award under 466.04 may include them; some statutes for particular claims differ, such as exemplary damages for willful Government Data Practices Act violations and up to $25,000 against a political subdivision in chapter 363A cases3.736, subd. 3; 466.04, subd. 1(b); 13.08, subd. 1; 363A.33, subd. 8(b)
Discrimination (chapter 363A)Available under 549.20; $25,000 limit against a political subdivision and in the administrative route363A.33, subd. 8; 363A.29, subd. 4
InsuranceVicarious liability may be insured, and a municipality may insure against punitive damages; otherwise the Supreme Court has said public policy in most instances prohibits insuring against them60A.06, subd. 4; 466.06; Wojciak (Minn. 1981)

Recent changes

The core rules are long-standing. Section 549.20 was last amended in 1990, and section 549.191 dates from 1986. In 2023 (2023 c 52 art 19 ss 32 to 34), the Legislature provided that a personal injury claim survives the death of any party in accordance with section 573.02 and added the decedent's pre-death damages to the death-action recovery; the sentence allowing punitive damages in a death action was not changed. A 2026 law amended subdivision 1 of section 363A.29; the $25,000 punitive damages limit is in subdivision 4.

This article provides general legal information about Minnesota punitive damages law as of 2026-10-18. It is not legal advice. For advice about a specific situation, contact a lawyer licensed in Minnesota.

Last updated: 2026-10-18.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Minnesota allow punitive damages?

Yes, but only on clear and convincing evidence that the defendant's acts show deliberate disregard for the rights or safety of others (Minn. Stat. 549.20, subd. 1). The claim cannot be included in the original complaint; a party must move to amend under section 549.191.

Is there a cap on punitive damages in Minnesota?

There is no general cap or ratio. The trial court must review every award against the factors in 549.20, subd. 3, make specific findings, and may limit it. Some statutes for particular claims set their own limits, such as $25,000 in chapter 363A discrimination cases against a political subdivision and $500 under 604.12 (denying motorcyclists or club clothing access to a public accommodation), and some rule them out, such as the insurer bad-faith statute (604.18, subd. 3(b)). In tort claims the state will not pay punitive damages (3.736, subd. 3).

What has to be proven for punitive damages in Minnesota?

Clear and convincing evidence of deliberate disregard: the defendant knew of, or intentionally disregarded, facts creating a high probability of injury to others and deliberately proceeded in conscious or intentional disregard of, or with indifference to, that probability (549.20, subd. 1(b)).

Can a Minnesota complaint ask for punitive damages?

No. Under Minn. Stat. 549.191, the complaint must not seek punitive damages. After filing, a party may move to amend with affidavits showing the factual basis, and the court grants leave if it finds prima facie evidence supporting the motion.

Are punitive damages available in a Minnesota wrongful death case?

Yes. Minn. Stat. 573.02, subd. 1 provides that punitive damages may be awarded in a wrongful death action as provided in section 549.20, so the same clear and convincing deliberate-disregard standard applies.

Are punitive damages available in a Minnesota drunk driving crash case?

Section 169A.76 makes evidence that the crash was caused by a driver with an alcohol concentration of 0.08 or more, or under the influence of a controlled substance or other listed impairment, sufficient for the jury to consider punitive damages. No criminal charge or conviction is required, and the statute does not itself require an award.

Are punitive damages available against the State of Minnesota or a city?

Generally not in tort cases. The state will not pay punitive damages (Minn. Stat. 3.736, subd. 3), and no award on a municipal tort claim under 466.04 may include them (466.04, subd. 1(b)). Some statutes for particular claims differ: a government entity, including the state, is liable for exemplary damages of $1,000 to $15,000 per violation for a willful violation of the Government Data Practices Act (13.08, subd. 1), and in chapter 363A discrimination cases a political subdivision may be ordered to pay punitive damages up to $25,000 in total (363A.33, subd. 8(b)). A municipality must indemnify its officers and employees for damages including punitive damages, subject to the 466.04 limits, unless the employee was guilty of malfeasance, willful neglect of duty or bad faith (466.07).

Does Minnesota take part of a punitive damages award?

Not generally; section 549.20 gives the state no share. One exception: exemplary damages under 60A.0789(c) for a willful violation that produced death benefits are paid to government agencies that combat consumer fraud, including the Department of Commerce.

Does insurance cover punitive damages in Minnesota?

Minn. Stat. 60A.06, subd. 4 allows insurers to cover vicarious liability for punitive and exemplary damages. A municipality may buy insurance covering punitive damages for its own and its employees' torts (466.06). For an insured's own conduct, the Minnesota Supreme Court said in Wojciak v. Northern Package Corp. (1981) that public policy in most instances should prohibit insuring against punitive damages, while allowing coverage of statutory punitive damages under section 176.82, and policy wording matters: in Caspersen v. Webber (1973) a policy covering damages because of bodily injury did not cover the punitive award.

Updates

Independently fact-checked against the cited primary sources

Sources and References

  1. Minn. Stat. 549.20: Punitive damages(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  2. Minn. Stat. 549.191: Claim for punitive damages(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  3. Minn. Stat. 573.02: Action for death by wrongful act; survival of actions(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  4. Minn. Stat. 169A.76: Civil action; punitive damages(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  5. Minn. Stat. 60A.06, subd. 4: Vicarious liability; punitive damages(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  6. Minn. Stat. 60A.0789, paragraph (c): Exemplary damages(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  7. Minn. Stat. 363A.33, subd. 8: Punitive damages in civil actions(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  8. Minn. Stat. 604.12, subd. 3: Civil cause of action(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  9. Minn. Stat. 3.736, subd. 3: Exclusions(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  10. Minn. Stat. 466.04: Maximum liability(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  11. 26 U.S.C. 104: Compensation for injuries or sickness(www.govinfo.gov).gov
  12. Minn. Stat. 363A.29, subd. 4(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  13. Minn. Stat. 604.14, subd. 1: Liability for theft of property(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  14. Minn. Stat. 626.557, subds. 6 and 17(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  15. Minn. Stat. 176.82, subd. 1: Retaliatory discharge(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  16. Minn. Stat. 462.358, subd. 4a(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  17. Minn. Stat. 504B.271, subd. 2: Landlord's punitive damages(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  18. Minn. Stat. 504B.178, subd. 7: Bad faith retention(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  19. Minn. Stat. 325F.63, subd. 1: Return of goods to customer(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  20. Minn. Stat. 325C.03, paragraph (b)(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  21. Minn. Stat. 13.825, subd. 12: Penalties for violation(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  22. Minn. Stat. 325N.06, paragraph (c)(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  23. Minn. Stat. 325N.18, subd. 2: Exemplary damages(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  24. Minn. Stat. 466.07, subd. 1(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  25. Rosenbloom v. Flygare, 501 N.W.2d 597 (Minn. 1993)(www.courtlistener.com)
  26. Minn. Stat. 572B.21(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  27. Minn. Stat. 13.08: Civil remedies (Government Data Practices Act)(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  28. Minn. Stat. 604.18: Insurer bad faith; damages and costs(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  29. Minn. Stat. 466.06: Municipal liability insurance(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  30. Minn. Stat. 182.666, subd. 5a: Waiver of rights violations(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  31. Minn. Stat. 181.68: Wage discrimination based on sex; right of action(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  32. Minnesota Session Laws 2023, chapter 52, article 19, sections 32 to 34(www.revisor.mn.gov).gov
  33. Wojciak v. Northern Package Corp., 310 N.W.2d 675 (Minn. 1981)(static.case.law)
  34. Caspersen v. Webber, 298 Minn. 93, 213 N.W.2d 327 (1973)(static.case.law)
Share:

Paid attorney referral. RecordingLaw may receive compensation when you use an attorney-help link. RecordingLaw is not a law firm. Submitting a request does not guarantee that an attorney will accept your case and does not create an attorney-client relationship.