Birchstone Management EEOC Settlement: $500,000, Claims Process
Independently fact-checked against primary sources (last audited October 11, 2026). · 6 primary sources cited on this page. How we verify our legal content

Birchstone Management EEOC Settlement: $500,000 and a Claims Process Over Men-Only Pallet Repair Jobs
The EEOC announced on October 6, 2026 that Birchstone Management, a Dallas-headquartered warehousing and logistics management company, agreed to provide $55,000 to a female job applicant and $445,000 for a class settlement fund after the agency found it refused to hire women as pallet repairers at five sites in Washington, Texas and Nevada. No lawsuit was ever filed.
Information last verified on October 11, 2026. This is a developing story; we update it as the record changes.
Status: The agreement was announced on October 6, 2026 through the EEOC's pre-litigation conciliation process, and no lawsuit was filed. The release states no claim-filing deadline.
Jurisdiction scope: This is a federal Title VII matter administered by the EEOC, covering Birchstone Management hiring at five locations in Washington, Texas and Nevada. It is an administrative conciliation agreement, not a court order, so it creates no precedent and binds no other employer. Nothing here is a claim form, and this site is not the claims administrator, the EEOC or a court.
What Happened
On October 6, 2026 the EEOC's San Francisco District announced a conciliation agreement with Birchstone Management, which the agency describes as a warehousing and logistics management company headquartered in Dallas, Texas. Under the agreement the company will provide $55,000 to a single female job applicant and $445,000 for a class settlement fund, the $500,000 total in the release headline.
The agency's account of what it found is short and specific. Its investigation determined that Birchstone "turned away a qualified worker seeking a job at the company's Spokane Valley location as a pallet repairer solely because of her sex," and that "since at least May of 2020, the company had similarly rejected other qualified female applicants at this facility as well as in Amarillo and Houston, Texas; Lakewood, Washington; and Las Vegas, Nevada." The mechanism the agency names is a comparator one: "Instead, the employer hired men with similar or fewer qualifications or continued to seek non-female applicants." Separately, the EEOC found that the company "failed to maintain employment records required by federal law."
The applicant who filed the charge is quoted but not named. "I showed up ready to demonstrate my ability to do the job, only to be told that the company only hires men," she said, adding, "I hope this case helps employers stop labeling jobs as 'women's work' or 'men's work.' Everyone deserves a fair chance to show what they can do." EEOC San Francisco District Director Christopher Green said the agency is "glad to see Birchstone take these steps to ensure compliance with Title VII," and called it an "excellent result" that "helps to dismantle sex-based stereotypes and illegal barriers to employment in favor of simply recruiting and hiring the most qualified and capable candidates for the job."
There is no case here, and that is the point
The release states that "[f]ollowing the investigation, the parties engaged in the EEOC's pre-litigation conciliation process, resulting in a settlement ..." That sentence is doing more work than it looks like. It means the EEOC never filed a complaint, no federal judge ever saw the matter, and there is no docket number to look up. This is not a consent decree, not a court-approved class settlement and not a verdict. It is a negotiated administrative agreement, and the company has not admitted liability in anything the agency published.
It is also worth noting what the release does not say. It does not use the phrase "reasonable cause," the statutory determination that under 42 U.S.C. 2000e-5(b) precedes conciliation. It describes an investigation and then conciliation, and leaves the formal label out.
Beyond the money, the agreement requires Birchstone to provide back pay and compensatory damages to women denied hire based on their sex; to appoint a qualified human resources professional to revise its hiring and recruitment policies and procedures and conduct training for all personnel involved in hiring "at its locations in Amarillo, Houston, and Lakewood"; to post a notice concerning equal employment opportunity rights; to audit recordkeeping practices annually; and to report to the agency for two years. The training and policy-revision obligation therefore names three locations, while the findings paragraph names five. Spokane Valley, the site of the original charge, and Las Vegas are not in the training list, and the release does not explain the difference.
The claims process, exactly as the agency stated it
The agreement "provides for a claims process for individuals who may have been affected by the company's hiring practices." The EEOC's own description of who that process covers is this: "Female job applicants for Birchstone Management pallet repairer positions who were not hired due to their sex between May 15, 2020 and July 31, 2025 in Spokane, Washington, Amarillo, Texas; Houston, Texas, Lakewood, Washington, or Las Vegas, Nevada, can complete a claim or obtain additional information by contacting the claims administrator at info@BirchstoneSettlement.com or by calling (877) 788-4952." For reaching the agency rather than the administrator, the release gives ClaimsSFDO@eeoc.gov.
Three cautions about that paragraph, all of them visible on the face of the release.
First, May 15, 2020 to July 31, 2025 is an eligibility window describing when a non-hire had to occur. It is not a filing deadline. The release states no deadline for submitting a claim, and we are not going to invent one. Anyone relying on this should ask the claims administrator directly what the submission window is.
Second, the claims paragraph says "Spokane, Washington," while the dateline and the findings paragraph both say "Spokane Valley." Those are two different place names, and the release never says whether it means the same facility in both paragraphs. We are reporting the release's wording in each context rather than quietly picking one, because the eligibility description is the sentence an affected applicant would read, and a mismatch between the location where she applied and the location named in that sentence is exactly the kind of thing worth raising with the administrator instead of assuming.
Third, meeting the description the EEOC published is not the same as being found eligible or being paid. Whether any particular person receives anything from the $445,000 fund is for the claims process to determine, and the release does not describe how the fund will be allocated, what proof it requires, or how many people it expects to cover.
What the Law Actually Says
The hiring prohibition
Title VII's operative text is short. Under 42 U.S.C. 2000e-2(a)(1), it is an unlawful employment practice for an employer "to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin." The "continued to seek non-female applicants" allegation also maps onto subsection (a)(2), which reaches an employer that "limit[s], segregate[s], or classif[ies] his employees or applicants for employment in any way which would deprive or tend to deprive any individual of employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect his status as an employee, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin."
A refusal to hire is covered by the same clause as a firing, which is why the at-will default does not help here. An employer in a state that follows the at-will employment rule may generally hire and fire for any reason or none, but the federal statute removes sex from the list of permissible reasons, at the hiring stage as much as at the termination stage. That distinction trips people up: the remedies and the proof problems for a refusal to hire are different from those for a termination challenged as wrongful, even though both run through the same statute.
Title VII does contain a narrow sex-based exception, and it is narrower than the phrase "men's work" implies. Under 2000e-2(e)(1), it is not an unlawful employment practice for an employer to hire and employ employees "on the basis of his religion, sex, or national origin in those certain instances where religion, sex, or national origin is a bona fide occupational qualification reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business or enterprise." The limiting language is the whole of the defense: the characteristic must be reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business. The EEOC's release does not say whether Birchstone asserted a bona fide occupational qualification, and we make no claim that it did.
Washington, Texas and Nevada each layer their own employment rules on top of the federal floor. Readers in those states can see how the state baseline is framed in our summaries of Washington's at-will rules and their exceptions, what Texas employers may and may not do when hiring and firing, and Nevada's at-will framework.
Conciliation: the step most readers never hear about
Almost every EEOC story that reaches the public is a lawsuit. Conciliation is the statutory step that comes first, and it is deliberately invisible.
Section 2000e-5(b) sets up the sequence. A charge is filed, the Commission serves notice on the employer within ten days and investigates. If it finds no reasonable cause it dismisses the charge. If it does find cause, the statute is mandatory: "the Commission shall endeavor to eliminate any such alleged unlawful employment practice by informal methods of conference, conciliation, and persuasion." The same subsection then locks the process shut. "Charges shall not be made public by the Commission." And: "Nothing said or done during and as a part of such informal endeavors may be made public by the Commission, its officers or employees, or used as evidence in a subsequent proceeding without the written consent of the persons concerned." Disclosure is not merely improper. "Any person who makes public information in violation of this subsection shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year, or both." The subsection also directs the Commission to make its reasonable-cause determination "as promptly as possible and, so far as practicable, not later than one hundred and twenty days from the filing of the charge or, where applicable under subsection (c) or (d), from the date upon which the Commission is authorized to take action with respect to the charge."
That statutory silence is why a $500,000 resolution can appear fully formed in a press release with no filings behind it, and it is also why the charging party is quoted but not named.
Only if conciliation fails does litigation become available, and the statute gives the agency the call. Under 2000e-5(f)(1), so long as "the Commission has been unable to secure from the respondent a conciliation agreement acceptable to the Commission," the EEOC may bring a civil action. Acceptability is measured by the Commission's own judgment, not the employer's.
The Supreme Court addressed how far courts may second-guess that process in Mach Mining, LLC v. EEOC, 575 U.S. 480 (2015) (No. 13-1019), argued January 13, 2015 and decided April 29, 2015. Justice Kagan wrote for a unanimous Court. The facts rhyme with this one: a woman filed a charge claiming Mach Mining "had refused to hire her as a coal miner because of her sex," and the Commission found reasonable cause as to her and "a class of women who had similarly applied for mining jobs."
The Court held both halves of the question. "We hold that a court may review whether the EEOC satisfied its statutory obligation to attempt conciliation before filing suit. But we find that the scope of that review is narrow, thus recognizing the EEOC's extensive discretion to determine the kind and amount of communication with an employer appropriate in any given case." What a court may check is specific and short: the EEOC "must inform the employer about the specific allegation," describing "both what the employer has done and which employees (or what class of employees) have suffered as a result," and it "must try to engage the employer in some form of discussion (whether written or oral), so as to give the employer an opportunity to remedy the allegedly discriminatory practice." The majority was explicit that "[j]udicial review of those requirements (and nothing else) ensures that the Commission complies with the statute," and that a court "looks only to whether the EEOC attempted to confer about a charge, and not to what happened (i. e., statements made or positions taken) during those discussions."
The Court also set the proof burden and the remedy. "A sworn affidavit from the EEOC stating that it has performed the obligations noted above but that its efforts have failed will usually suffice to show that it has met the conciliation requirement." An employer that produces credible contrary evidence gets limited factfinding, and if it wins, "the appropriate remedy is to order the EEOC to undertake the mandated efforts to obtain voluntary compliance," with 2000e-5(f)(1) authorizing a stay of the action for that purpose. The Court rejected Mach Mining's proposed good-faith-negotiation standard, drawing a contrast with the National Labor Relations Act: "Title VII ultimately cares about substantive results, while eschewing any reciprocal duties of good-faith negotiation." 575 U.S. at 491. It vacated the Seventh Circuit's judgment and remanded.
One further wrinkle in 2000e-5(f)(1) matters to anyone watching a charge of their own. If within 180 days the Commission has not sued and "has not entered into a conciliation agreement to which the person aggrieved is a party," it must notify the charging party, who then has ninety days to sue. A conciliation agreement to which the aggrieved person is a party changes that picture. The Birchstone release does not say whether the applicant who filed the charge was a party to the agreement, and we are not going to guess.
One more statutory contrast is worth drawing, because it shows what a negotiated agreement can reach that a court order cannot. Section 2000e-5(g)(1) governs what a court may award once it "finds that the respondent has intentionally engaged in or is intentionally engaging in an unlawful employment practice charged in the complaint," and it caps the look-back: "Back pay liability shall not accrue from a date more than two years prior to the filing of a charge with the Commission." That cap constrains judicial remedies, and it is measured backward from the date the charge was filed. The release never says when this charge was filed, so there is no way to line the cap up against the May 15, 2020 to July 31, 2025 eligibility window the EEOC published. The narrower point stands on its own: a conciliation agreement is a negotiated instrument whose terms are whatever the parties accept, not a remedy award measured out by statute.
The recordkeeping finding is the sleeper
The release says the investigation found the company "failed to maintain employment records required by federal law," and describes the duty as part of Title VII: the statute "requires employers to keep all personnel or employment records for one year, or, when there is an open charge of employment discrimination, to maintain all records relating to the issues under investigation until the final disposition of the charge or any lawsuit filed based on the charge."
That is accurate in substance, with one point of precision worth having. Title VII supplies the authority at 42 U.S.C. 2000e-8(c), which directs that every covered employer "make and keep such records relevant to the determinations of whether unlawful employment practices have been or are being committed," "preserve such records for such periods," and "make such reports therefrom as the Commission shall prescribe by regulation or order, after public hearing, as reasonable, necessary, or appropriate for the enforcement of this subchapter ..." The one-year period and the charge-triggered preservation duty are set by the regulation, 29 C.F.R. 1602.14.
The regulation reads, in relevant part: "Any personnel or employment record made or kept by an employer (including but not necessarily limited to requests for reasonable accommodation, application forms submitted by applicants and other records having to do with hiring, promotion, demotion, transfer, lay-off or termination, rates of pay or other terms of compensation, and selection for training or apprenticeship) shall be preserved by the employer for a period of one year from the date of the making of the record or the personnel action involved, whichever occurs later." Then the trigger: "Where a charge of discrimination has been filed, or an action brought by the Commission or the Attorney General, against an employer under title VII, the ADA, or GINA, the respondent employer shall preserve all personnel records relevant to the charge or action until final disposition of the charge or the action."
The next sentence is the one that explains how a single applicant's charge becomes a five-location class finding. The regulation says the term "personnel records relevant to the charge," "for example, would include personnel or employment records relating to the aggrieved person and to all other employees holding positions similar to that held or sought by the aggrieved person and application forms or test papers completed by an unsuccessful applicant and by all other candidates for the same position as that for which the aggrieved person applied and was rejected."
Read that against the EEOC's finding that the employer "hired men with similar or fewer qualifications or continued to seek non-female applicants." The comparison requires the other applicants' paperwork, and the regulation obliges the employer to keep exactly that paperwork once a charge lands. The duty is also long-running: the regulation defines "final disposition of the charge or the action" as "the date of expiration of the statutory period within which the aggrieved person may bring an action in a U.S. District Court or, where an action is brought against an employer either by the aggrieved person, the Commission, or by the Attorney General, the date on which such litigation is terminated."
Applicant paperwork is the shared thread between this finding and the broader rules on what employers may collect and must retain when they screen candidates. Hiring-stage records are governed, not optional.
Analysis: Why This Matters
The following is analysis from the Recording Law Editorial Team.
The dollar figure is the least interesting thing about this announcement. What it actually demonstrates is that the EEOC's quietest procedural step can produce a $445,000 class fund plus $55,000 in individual relief, a five-location set of findings, a qualified human resources professional rewriting hiring policy, an annual recordkeeping audit and two years of agency reporting, all without a complaint being filed. Readers who track employment enforcement by watching court dockets are watching the wrong surface. Section 2000e-5(b) makes conciliation confidential and backs that confidentiality with a criminal penalty, so the pre-suit channel generates almost no public record by design. A press release is the record.
That design cuts in two directions, and both are worth naming. For the employer, conciliation avoids a public complaint, a published liability finding and the litigation record that would follow. For the charging party and the class, it produces relief faster than litigation would, but it also removes the structures a court case supplies. There is no judicially certified class here, no Rule 23 adequacy review, no court-supervised notice program and no judge policing the claims process. Oversight is administrative: the company reports to the EEOC for two years. The release names a claims administrator email and a toll-free number as the route in, and the release itself is the public notice. Reaching a woman who applied for a pallet repairer job in Amarillo in 2021 and moved on with her life is a genuinely hard problem, and the published materials do not describe how it will be solved.
Mach Mining explains why employers rarely win by attacking the process. The Court was unanimous that courts may review whether the agency attempted conciliation, which was a real loss for the EEOC's position that its efforts were unreviewable. But it then confined that review to notice of the specific allegation and an attempt at discussion, said a sworn agency affidavit will usually carry the point, and held that the remedy when an employer prevails is an order directing the EEOC to go conciliate, with 2000e-5(f)(1) authorizing a stay of the action for that purpose. A successful conciliation challenge buys delay and a do-over, not dismissal. Combine that with the statutory standard that the agency alone decides whether an agreement is "acceptable to the Commission," and the practical bargaining position is clear enough without any prediction about how a future case might come out.
There is also a scope detail the release leaves unexplained. The EEOC states that its San Francisco District "has jurisdiction over Northern Nevada, Northern California, Washington, Alaska, Oregon, Idaho and Montana," yet the agreement it announced covers conduct in Amarillo and Houston, Texas, and in Las Vegas, which is in southern Nevada. The remedial obligations likewise cover Amarillo, Houston and Lakewood while the findings cover five locations including Spokane Valley and Las Vegas. Neither asymmetry is explained in the published release, and we are flagging rather than resolving them.
Finally, the recordkeeping finding deserves more attention than it will get. It is reported as a secondary violation, and in enforcement terms it functions as a force multiplier. The comparator evidence that converts "she was not hired" into "men with similar or fewer qualifications were hired" lives in other applicants' files. Section 1602.14 requires those files to survive, and requires them to survive for as long as the charge or any resulting litigation remains alive. An employer that does not keep them has not made the problem go away; it has lost the ability to show its own side of the comparison, while an investigation can still build that comparison from applicant interviews, job postings and hiring outcomes gathered from other sources. The annual recordkeeping audit Birchstone agreed to is the part of this agreement most likely to change day-to-day hiring paperwork, and unlike the training obligation the release does not limit it to named locations.
How This Affects You
If you applied for a Birchstone Management pallet repairer position and were not hired, the EEOC has published who it says the claims process covers: female applicants not hired because of their sex between May 15, 2020 and July 31, 2025 at the locations named in the release. The agency gives two routes for questions, the claims administrator at info@BirchstoneSettlement.com or (877) 788-4952, and ClaimsSFDO@eeoc.gov for reaching the EEOC directly. Nobody on this site can tell you whether you are covered, and no published document sets a claim-filing deadline, so the submission window is a question for the administrator. This site is not the administrator and collects nothing from you.
For job applicants generally, the useful takeaway is that a refusal to hire is a Title VII violation on the same footing as a firing, and that being told a role is a men's job is not a defense unless the employer can satisfy the bona fide occupational qualification standard in 2000e-2(e)(1), which asks whether sex is reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business. The federal charge clock is short. Under 2000e-5(e)(1) a charge must generally be filed within 180 days after the alleged unlawful practice occurred, extended to 300 days where the aggrieved person "has initially instituted proceedings with a State or local agency with authority to grant or seek relief from such practice," and in that situation the charge must be filed within 300 days of the practice "or within thirty days after receiving notice that the State or local agency has terminated the proceedings under the State or local law, whichever is earlier." Those deadlines are statutory and run from the practice, not from when someone learns that a settlement exists.
For employers, the recordkeeping rule is the cheapest compliance item in this story and the most commonly missed. Keep personnel and employment records, including application forms, for at least a year under 29 C.F.R. 1602.14, and understand that the moment a charge arrives the duty changes character: every record relevant to that charge must be preserved until final disposition as the regulation defines it, and the regulation's own example of such a record is the applications of all other candidates for the same position. Routine document-retention cycles that quietly delete applicant files are the mechanism by which a single-applicant charge becomes an unrebutted class finding.
None of this is advice about any specific situation. Anyone with an actual claim or an actual compliance question should talk to an employment lawyer licensed in their state.
This is general legal information, not legal advice. It covers a federal Title VII conciliation agreement administered by the EEOC, reaching Birchstone Management hiring at locations in Washington, Texas and Nevada, and reflects sources verified on October 11, 2026. We are not the claims administrator, the EEOC or a court, we collect no claim information, and we cannot tell anyone whether they are eligible or will be paid. Laws and settlement administration change; consult an employment lawyer licensed in your jurisdiction about your specific situation.
Related articles
- How at-will employment actually works
- Washington's at-will rules and their exceptions
- What Texas employers may and may not do when hiring and firing
- Nevada's at-will framework
- The separate rules that govern being fired rather than never hired
- What employers may collect and must retain when screening candidates
Last updated: 2026-10-11. This is a developing story; details verified as of 2026-10-11.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Birchstone Management EEOC settlement?
On October 6, 2026 the EEOC announced that Birchstone Management, a warehousing and logistics management company headquartered in Dallas, Texas, agreed to provide $55,000 to a female job applicant and $445,000 for a class settlement fund after the agency's investigation found it refused to hire women as pallet repairers at five locations in Washington, Texas and Nevada. The release frames the total as $500,000.
Did the EEOC sue Birchstone Management?
No. The release states the parties resolved the matter through the EEOC's pre-litigation conciliation process, the statutory step under 42 U.S.C. 2000e-5(b) that comes before any lawsuit. No complaint was filed, so there is no court, no docket number and no consent decree, and the published materials contain no judicial finding of liability.
Who does the EEOC say the Birchstone claims process covers?
The release describes it as covering female job applicants for Birchstone Management pallet repairer positions who were not hired because of their sex between May 15, 2020 and July 31, 2025 at the locations it names in Washington, Texas and Nevada. Matching that description is not the same as being found eligible or receiving money; eligibility is for the claims process to determine, and the release does not describe how the fund will be allocated.
Is there a deadline to submit a Birchstone settlement claim?
The EEOC's October 6, 2026 release states no claim-filing deadline. The dates it gives, May 15, 2020 to July 31, 2025, describe when a non-hire had to have occurred for an applicant to fall within the described group, not when a claim must be submitted. Anyone who needs the submission window should ask the claims administrator directly.
How do I contact the Birchstone settlement claims administrator?
The release gives info@BirchstoneSettlement.com and (877) 788-4952 for the claims administrator, and ClaimsSFDO@eeoc.gov for contacting the EEOC directly about the settlement or claims process. Those are the only contact points named in the published release.
Which locations were involved?
The EEOC's findings name a Spokane Valley, Washington facility, where the charging applicant applied, plus Amarillo and Houston, Texas; Lakewood, Washington; and Las Vegas, Nevada. The agreement's training and policy-revision obligations, by contrast, name only Amarillo, Houston and Lakewood, and the release does not explain why the other two are not listed there.
Is it Spokane or Spokane Valley, Washington?
The release says both. Its dateline and findings paragraph say Spokane Valley, Washington, while the claims-process paragraph says Spokane, Washington. The release never says whether both refer to the same facility, and as of October 11, 2026 the EEOC has not reconciled the two. An applicant whose location might be affected by the discrepancy should raise it with the claims administrator rather than assume.
What is EEOC conciliation, and how is it different from a lawsuit?
Under 42 U.S.C. 2000e-5(b), if the Commission finds reasonable cause after investigating a charge, it must first endeavor to eliminate the alleged practice by informal methods of conference, conciliation and persuasion. The statute bars the Commission from making public anything said or done during those efforts without written consent, and penalizes unlawful disclosure by a fine of up to $1,000, up to a year of imprisonment, or both. An EEOC lawsuit becomes available under 2000e-5(f)(1) only when the Commission has been unable to secure a conciliation agreement acceptable to the Commission. The same subsection separately lets the charging party sue, within ninety days of notice, if the Commission has neither filed suit nor entered into a conciliation agreement to which she is a party within 180 days.
Can a court review whether the EEOC conciliated properly?
Yes, but narrowly. In Mach Mining, LLC v. EEOC, 575 U.S. 480 (2015), a unanimous Court per Justice Kagan held that a court may review whether the EEOC satisfied its statutory obligation to attempt conciliation before filing suit, while finding the scope of that review narrow. A court checks only that the agency told the employer about the specific allegation and tried to engage it in discussion, a sworn EEOC affidavit will usually suffice, and if the employer prevails the remedy is an order directing the EEOC to undertake those efforts, not dismissal.
How long must an employer keep job applications under federal law?
Under 29 C.F.R. 1602.14, issued under the authority of 42 U.S.C. 2000e-8(c), any personnel or employment record an employer makes or keeps, expressly including application forms submitted by applicants, must be preserved for one year from the making of the record or the personnel action involved, whichever is later. Once a charge is filed, the employer must preserve all personnel records relevant to the charge until final disposition, and the regulation's examples include application forms completed by an unsuccessful applicant and by all other candidates for the same position.
Updates
Independently fact-checked against the cited primary sources
Sources and References
- U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, "Warehouse Logistics Company to Pay $500,000 to Settle EEOC Sex Discrimination Charge," press release (San Francisco District), Oct. 6, 2026(www.eeoc.gov).gov
- Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. 2000e-5 (enforcement provisions; conciliation at subsec. (b), suit authority at (f)(1), charge-filing deadlines at (e)(1), back pay limit at (g)(1)), U.S. Code 2023 Edition(www.govinfo.gov).gov
- 29 C.F.R. 1602.14, Preservation of records made or kept (EEOC recordkeeping regulation), text in force as of Oct. 7, 2026(www.ecfr.gov).gov
- Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. 2000e-2 (unlawful employment practices; refusal to hire at subsec. (a)(1), bona fide occupational qualification at (e)(1)), U.S. Code 2023 Edition(www.govinfo.gov).gov
- Mach Mining, LLC v. EEOC, 575 U.S. 480 (2015) (No. 13-1019), opinion of the Court by Justice Kagan, United States Reports bound volume 575(tile.loc.gov).gov
- Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. 2000e-8 (investigations; recordkeeping authority at subsec. (c)), U.S. Code 2023 Edition(www.govinfo.gov).gov