各国数据保护官(DPO)要求(2026年)

Independently fact-checked against primary sources (last audited 2026年9月10日). · Reviewed by the RecordingLaw editorial team. · Law checked current as of 2026年9月10日. · 17 primary sources cited on this page. How we verify our legal content

各国数据保护官(DPO)要求(2026年)

更新记录

Corrected DPO rules across the comparison: Malaysia's residency rule is an alternative to being easily contactable and the Bahasa Melayu and English requirement was missing, with the regulator's 20,000 and 10,000 thresholds and 21-day registration added; China's PIPL Article 52 sets no number (the 10 million figure in State Council Decree 790 is a different officer) and its penalties are ceilings, not a whichever-is-higher test; India's SDF status comes only from a Central Government notification and the section 10 penalty is INR 150 crore, not 250; the UK's DPO maximum is GBP 8.7 million or 2% and the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 dropped the senior responsible individual model; Canada already requires an accountable individual under PIPEDA and Bill C-27 died in January 2025; Indonesia's Constitutional Court ruling binds directly; Singapore's DPO filing dates from 2020 and its penalty cap includes a 10 percent turnover limb; South Africa's Information Officer duty is section 55 and carries no imprisonment; Thailand's failure-to-appoint fine is THB 1 million; Germany's BDSG catches small firms regardless of headcount; a misquoted WP29 passage was replaced with the verbatim text; Romania imposes no DPO certification; three enforcement actions were redated to 2022 and 2024 with their real facts; the French DPO figures were replaced with the CNIL's own; and Brazil's governing 2024 encarregado regulation was added. Corrected the Indonesia entry in the comparison table: failure to appoint a DPO under Article 53 of Law No. 27 of 2022 is an administrative matter under Article 57, capped at 2% of annual revenue, and the IDR 60 billion fine and six-year prison term previously shown belong to the criminal offences of unlawfully collecting, disclosing or falsifying personal data. The Japan and Australia rows no longer show a general privacy-law maximum against jurisdictions that impose no DPO duty. Added Brazil's requirement that the encarregado be able to communicate with data subjects and the ANPD in Portuguese, qualified Thailand's public-authority trigger to the bodies the Committee has announced, and updated the jurisdiction-scope note to list Canada, Japan, Australia and the EU member-state variations the article covers. Corrected the South Korea entry: failing to designate a Chief Privacy Officer carries an administrative fine under PIPA Article 75 (up to KRW 30 million once the 2026 amendment takes effect on 11 September 2026), while the 10 percent of turnover figure introduced by that amendment is a punitive surcharge for repeated or serious data leaks; restated the EDPB's 2023 coordinated enforcement findings to the report's own numbers, including that the vast majority of surveyed organisations had designated a DPO; and completed the Japanese and Indonesian penalty descriptions. Corrected how the page describes South Korea's 10% of turnover surcharge under the amended PIPA: it applies under Art. 64-2(2) to an intentional or grossly negligent repeat of any of the nine violation types in Art. 64-2(1) within three years, to any of those violations harming 10 million or more data subjects, or to a leak that follows non-compliance with a corrective order, rather than to data leaks generally, and it never applies to the CPO designation duty. Also repointed the South Korea statute reference to the consolidated-text permalink, added APPI Art. 179 to the Japan citation, and removed an unsourced 2025-2026 timeframe from the EDPB coordinated enforcement summary.

已根据引用的一手来源进行独立核查;已核查适用法律的最新变化

AI Act dates updated for the July 2026 Digital Omnibus (Regulation (EU) 2026/1744): high-risk obligations now apply 2 December 2027 for Annex III systems and 2 August 2028 for AI built into regulated products, while the 2 August 2026 transparency date is unchanged.

由编辑审阅并批准

来源与参考资料

  1. GDPR《(欧盟)2016/679号条例》第37至39条、第83条第4款(eur-lex.europa.eu).gov
  2. WP29《数据保护官指南》(WP243rev.01)(ec.europa.eu).gov
  3. EDPB《2023年度DPO协调执法行动报告》,2024年1月(edpb.europa.eu).gov
  4. 德国BDSG第38条:数据保护官(gesetze-im-internet.de).gov
  5. 英国ICO《数据保护官指南》(ico.org.uk).gov
  6. 巴西LGPD第41条(planalto.gov.br).gov
  7. 中国PIPL第52条(npc.gov.cn).gov
  8. 印度2023年DPDPA第10条(meity.gov.in).gov
  9. 马来西亚《2024年个人数据保护(修正)法案》(pdp.gov.my).gov
  10. 韩国PIPA第31条(law.go.kr).gov
  11. 韩国2026年PIPA修正案(iapp.org)
  12. 泰国PDPA第41至42条(mdes.go.th).gov
  13. 南非POPIA第56条(gov.za).gov
  14. 阿联酋PDPL第10条(uaepdpl.com)
  15. 《2020年第5号DIFC数据保护法》(difc.ae).gov
  16. ADGM数据保护办公室指南(adgm.com).gov
  17. 新加坡PDPA第11条第3款(pdpc.gov.sg).gov
  18. 波兰UODO因DPO职位设置不当处以13.2万欧元罚款(2025年)(edpb.europa.eu).gov
  19. 波兰UODO因未任命DPO处以5814欧元罚款(2025年)(edpb.europa.eu).gov
  20. 柏林数据保护机构因DPO利益冲突处以52.5万欧元罚款(gdprhub.eu)
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