Maryland Lemon Law (2026): How to Qualify & Get a Refund

Maryland's Automotive Warranty Enforcement Act, codified at Md. Code Com. Law § 14-1502, protects buyers and lessees of new motor vehicles with defects that cannot be repaired within 24 months or 18,000 miles of delivery. The law presumes a lemon after four failed repair attempts for the same defect, 30 cumulative days out of service, or one failed brake or steering repair.

What Is Maryland's Lemon Law?

Maryland's lemon law is formally known as the Automotive Warranty Enforcement Act. Codified at Md. Code, Com. Law §§ 14-1501 through 14-1504, the law protects consumers who buy or lease new motor vehicles that turn out to have serious, unrepairable defects.

The statute gives you the right to demand a replacement vehicle or a full refund when the manufacturer cannot fix a substantial defect within a reasonable number of attempts. Maryland's version of the law is notably consumer-friendly, capping the usage deduction at 15% of the purchase price and covering leased vehicles alongside purchased ones.

The Maryland Attorney General's Consumer Protection Division oversees enforcement of this law and provides resources to help consumers understand their rights.

What Vehicles Are Covered

Maryland's lemon law covers specific categories of new motor vehicles registered in the state. Under Md. Code, Com. Law § 14-1501(f), the law applies to vehicles registered as:

Covered Vehicle Types

Electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids that fall within these classes are covered under the same provisions. Maryland has not enacted separate EV-specific lemon law provisions, so battery defects, charging system failures, and drivetrain issues on electric vehicles are treated the same as mechanical defects on conventional vehicles.

Vehicles Not Covered

• Motor homes: Specifically excluded by statute, though the chassis may have separate warranty coverage from the chassis manufacturer
• Heavy trucks: Trucks with a manufacturer's rated capacity exceeding 3/4 ton
• Used vehicles: Only new motor vehicles are covered under the state lemon law (see "Used Car Protections" below for alternative remedies)
• Off-road vehicles: Vehicles not designed for highway use

The Motor Vehicle Administration is authorized to define what constitutes a motor home for purposes of this exclusion. Consumers purchasing motor homes should check current MVA regulations for specific guidance.

Who Qualifies as a Consumer

Under Md. Code, Com. Law § 14-1501(b), the definition of "consumer" is broader than just the original buyer. The law protects:

• Purchasers of new motor vehicles (not purchased for resale)
• Lessees of new motor vehicles under a lease agreement
• Transferees who receive a new motor vehicle during the warranty period
• Any person entitled by the terms of the warranty to enforce warranty obligations

This means if you buy a vehicle from someone who purchased it new and the manufacturer's warranty period has not expired, you still have lemon law rights.

The Manufacturer's Warranty Period

Maryland's lemon law protections apply during the "manufacturer's warranty period," which is specifically defined in the statute. Under Md. Code, Com. Law § 14-1501(e), this period is the earlier of:

• The first 18,000 miles of operation, OR
• 24 months following the date of original delivery to the consumer

Important: This statutory warranty period does not extend any manufacturer's express warranty. If your manufacturer's warranty is shorter than 24 months or 18,000 miles, the lemon law may still provide protection during this period. If your manufacturer's warranty is longer, the lemon law presumption only applies during the first 24 months or 18,000 miles.

If the manufacturer's warranty includes miles driven when the vehicle was in someone else's possession (such as dealer test drives or transportation), the manufacturer must disclose this fact in 12-point bold face type in the written warranty.

Maryland's Lemon Law Presumption

Under Md. Code, Com. Law § 14-1502(d), Maryland law creates a presumption that a reasonable number of repair attempts have been made if any of the following conditions occur during the warranty period:

Conditions That Trigger the Presumption

The brake or steering provision deserves special attention. If a repair to the braking or steering system has been attempted at least once, the manufacturer has been notified and given an opportunity to cure the defect, and the vehicle still does not comply with Maryland's motor vehicle safety inspection laws, the presumption is triggered after just one attempt.

What "Substantially Impairs" Means

Maryland requires that the defect substantially impair both the use and market value of the vehicle. This is a slightly different standard than some states that use "use, value, or safety." You should document how the defect affects your daily driving as well as the vehicle's resale value.

Extension of Time Periods

Under Md. Code, Com. Law § 14-1502(e), the warranty term, warranty period, and 30-day out-of-service period are extended by any time during which repair services were unavailable due to:

• War or invasion
• Strike
• Fire, flood, or other natural disaster

Written Notice Requirements

Maryland's lemon law has a critical written notice requirement that consumers must follow before pursuing remedies. Under Md. Code, Com. Law § 14-1502(b), consumers must provide written notice to the manufacturer or factory branch by certified mail, return receipt requested.

What Your Notice Must Include

Your written notice must:

• Be sent during the warranty period (within 24 months or 18,000 miles)
• Clearly report the nonconformity, defect, or condition
• Be sent by certified mail with return receipt requested
• Be directed to the manufacturer or factory branch (not the dealer)

The manufacturer must conspicuously disclose this notice procedure to the consumer in writing at the time of sale or delivery of the motor vehicle.

Manufacturer's Response Obligation

After receiving your notice, the manufacturer, factory branch, agent, or authorized dealer must:

• Provide an opportunity to cure the defect
• Complete corrections within 30 days of receipt of notification
• Make repairs at no charge to you, even if repairs occur after the warranty expires

Consumer Remedies: Refund vs. Replacement

When a manufacturer cannot repair a vehicle after a reasonable number of attempts, Md. Code, Com. Law § 14-1502(c) gives the consumer the choice of two remedies.

Option 1: Replacement Vehicle

The manufacturer must replace the motor vehicle with a comparable motor vehicle acceptable to the consumer. The statute adds no further condition on the replacement. It does not separately require that the replacement be new rather than used or refurbished, so your acceptance is the only control: you are not obligated to take a vehicle you do not regard as comparable.

Option 2: Full Refund (Vehicle Buyback)

The manufacturer must accept return of the vehicle and refund to the consumer:

• Full purchase price
• License fees
• Registration fees
• Any similar governmental charges

Excise taxes are not part of the manufacturer's refund. Section 14-1502(c)(1)(ii) limits the manufacturer's obligation to the purchase price plus license fees, registration fees, and similar governmental charges. Excise taxes are recovered separately from the Motor Vehicle Administration under § 14-1503, as explained below. The Maryland Attorney General's office states the point plainly: excise taxes are not refunded by the manufacturer.

Permitted deductions from the refund:

• A reasonable allowance for the consumer's use of the vehicle, not to exceed 15% of the purchase price
• A reasonable allowance for damage not attributable to normal wear (excluding damage caused by the defect itself)

The 15% maximum usage deduction is more favorable to consumers than many other states, which use mileage-based formulas that can result in higher deductions.

Remedies for Leased Vehicles

When a leased vehicle qualifies as a lemon, the manufacturer must make both the lessor and lessee whole. For lessees, this can include:

• Refund of all lease payments made during periods the vehicle was unavailable
• Refund of all repair costs paid by the lessee
• Refund of license fees, registration fees, and similar governmental charges (excise taxes come back from the Motor Vehicle Administration under § 14-1503, not from the manufacturer)

The lessor may not assess the lessee any prepayment penalty, early termination fees, or other charges resulting from the return of a lemon vehicle.

Excise Tax Recovery

Under Md. Code, Com. Law § 14-1503, consumers who return a lemon vehicle are entitled to recover excise taxes originally paid from the Motor Vehicle Administration. If a replacement vehicle is provided, the MVA allows a credit against the excise tax on the replacement vehicle.

How to File a Maryland Lemon Law Claim

Filing a lemon law claim in Maryland involves several steps. Following this process carefully protects your rights and strengthens your case.

Step 1: Document Everything

From the first sign of trouble, keep detailed records:

• Every repair order and service receipt
• Dates the vehicle was dropped off and picked up
• Written descriptions of the problem from each visit
• Any rental car receipts or transportation costs

Step 2: Send Written Notice

Send a letter to the manufacturer (not just the dealer) by certified mail, return receipt requested. Your letter should describe the defect and request that it be repaired. Keep a copy of the letter and the certified mail receipt.

Step 3: Allow the Manufacturer to Respond

The manufacturer has 30 days after receiving your notice to complete repairs. During this time, make the vehicle available for inspection and repair as requested.

Step 4: Request a Replacement or Refund

If the manufacturer fails to repair the vehicle within the 30-day period, or if the lemon law presumption has been triggered, send a second letter requesting your chosen remedy (replacement or refund).

Step 5: Consider Arbitration

If the manufacturer has a certified informal dispute settlement procedure complying with 16 C.F.R. Part 703, you may be asked to use it before pursuing court remedies. The arbitration decision binds the manufacturer but not the consumer. If you are dissatisfied with the outcome, you retain the right to file a lawsuit.

Step 6: File a Lawsuit if Necessary

If arbitration does not resolve the issue, or if no arbitration program exists, you may file a lawsuit. You must file within 3 years of the date of original delivery. A court may award reasonable attorney fees to a prevailing consumer under § 14-1502(l).

Dealer Notification Obligations

Maryland's lemon law places specific notification duties on dealers. Under Md. Code, Com. Law § 14-1502(f)(1), dealers must notify the manufacturer when:

• A motor vehicle is delivered to the same dealer for a fourth repair attempt of the same nonconformity, OR
• The vehicle is out of service for repair for a cumulative total of 20 days

This notification must be sent by certified mail, with a copy sent to the Motor Vehicle Administration. Failure of the dealer to provide this notification does not affect the consumer's rights under the lemon law.

Manufacturer Defenses

Under Md. Code, Com. Law § 14-1502(c)(3), manufacturers may raise specific affirmative defenses to lemon law claims.

Valid Affirmative Defenses

Penalties for Violations

Under Md. Code, Com. Law § 14-1504, a violation of the Automotive Warranty Enforcement Act is classified as an unfair or deceptive trade practice under Title 13 of the Commercial Law Article.

This classification carries significant consequences for manufacturers:

• The Maryland Attorney General's Consumer Protection Division can investigate and take enforcement action
• Consumers gain access to remedies available under the Maryland Consumer Protection Act
• If a manufacturer, factory branch, or distributor acted in bad faith, a court may award the consumer additional damages of up to $10,000
• Courts may award reasonable attorney fees to a prevailing consumer

Resale Disclosure and Title Requirements

Maryland has comprehensive disclosure requirements for vehicles returned under the lemon law. Under Md. Code, Com. Law § 14-1502(f)(2) and (g):

Notification to MVA

When a manufacturer accepts the return of a motor vehicle (whether by judgment, decree, arbitration award, settlement, or voluntary agreement), the manufacturer must notify the Motor Vehicle Administration in writing within 15 days.

Disclosure to Dealers

If a returned vehicle is transferred to a Maryland dealer, the manufacturer must disclose in writing:

• That the motor vehicle was returned to the manufacturer or factory branch
• The nature of the defect that resulted in the return
• The condition of the vehicle at the time of transfer to the dealer

This disclosure must be on a separate piece of paper in 10-point all capital type, stated clearly and conspicuously.

Disclosure to Consumers

If the returned vehicle is resold to a consumer, the seller must:

• Provide a copy of the manufacturer's disclosure form to the consumer before the sale
• Send a copy of the disclosure form, signed by the consumer, to the Motor Vehicle Administration

Failure to make these disclosures may constitute fraud and could give a subsequent buyer grounds for rescission of the sale.

Informal Dispute Settlement Procedures

Under Md. Code, Com. Law § 14-1502(i), if a manufacturer has established an informal dispute settlement procedure that complies with federal regulations (16 C.F.R. Part 703), a consumer may be required to use that procedure before the refund or replacement remedies apply.

There are important consumer protections built into this requirement:

• The arbitration decision is binding on the manufacturer but not on the consumer
• A consumer who uses arbitration may not be precluded from seeking other legal remedies
• If you are dissatisfied with the arbitration outcome, you retain the right to pursue your claim in court
• Using arbitration does not extend the 3-year statute of limitations

Federal Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act Overlay

The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act (15 U.S.C. §§ 2301-2312) is the federal backstop for lemon law claims. It creates a federal cause of action for breach of any written or implied warranty on consumer products, including motor vehicles. If your vehicle is still under a manufacturer's express warranty and the manufacturer refuses to honor it, you may pursue a Magnuson-Moss claim in federal court regardless of whether the state lemon law applies.

Two features make the federal act particularly valuable: attorney fee shifting (the manufacturer pays your legal fees if you prevail) and the ability to combine it with a state lemon law claim in the same lawsuit. For used car buyers outside the state lemon law's coverage, a Magnuson-Moss claim may be the primary route to relief if a transferable written warranty remains in effect.

Used Car Protections Beyond the Lemon Law

While Maryland's lemon law only covers new vehicles, used car buyers are not without protection.

Maryland's Implied Warranty Protections

Maryland restricts, but does not flatly prohibit, "as is" used-car sales. A dealer cannot disclaim the implied warranty of merchantability unless the used vehicle is more than 6 model years old, has been driven more than 60,000 miles, and the dealer provides the required written, separately-signed disclosure on the form prescribed under the Transportation Article (Md. Code, Com. Law 2-316.1). Below that age and mileage threshold, the implied warranty cannot be waived, giving buyers of newer or lower-mileage used vehicles a baseline protection that the vehicle is fit for ordinary driving purposes.

Federal Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act

The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act (15 U.S.C. §§ 2301-2312) provides a federal cause of action for breach of any written or implied warranty. If a used vehicle is still under the manufacturer's original warranty or a dealer-provided warranty, the Magnuson-Moss Act may provide remedies similar to the state lemon law, including the possibility of the manufacturer paying the consumer's attorney fees if the consumer prevails.

Statute of Limitations and Timing

Under Md. Code, Com. Law § 14-1502(k), any action brought under Maryland's lemon law must be commenced within 3 years of the date of original delivery of the motor vehicle to the consumer.

Key Timing Considerations

• Defects should be reported during the warranty period (24 months or 18,000 miles)
• Written notice by certified mail is required before pursuing remedies
• Lawsuit must be filed within 3 years of original delivery
• Using manufacturer arbitration does not toll or extend the statute of limitations
• The 30-day repair window starts when the manufacturer receives your certified letter

Attorney Fees

Under Md. Code, Com. Law § 14-1502(l), a court may award reasonable attorney fees to a prevailing plaintiff. This fee-shifting provision makes it financially feasible for consumers to pursue lemon law claims even when the cost of hiring an attorney might otherwise be prohibitive.

However, the fee provision works both ways. If the court determines the action was brought in bad faith or was frivolous, it may order the plaintiff to pay the defendant's reasonable attorney fees.

More Maryland Laws

• Maryland Car Accident Laws

Frequently Asked Questions

How many repair attempts does Maryland require before a vehicle qualifies as a lemon?

Maryland's lemon law presumption is triggered after four repair attempts for the same problem, 30 cumulative days out of service for repairs, or one failed repair attempt for a brake or steering defect that leaves the vehicle non-compliant with safety inspection laws. These conditions must occur within 24 months or 18,000 miles of original delivery, whichever comes first.

Do I have to send written notice to the manufacturer?

Yes. Maryland requires that you send written notice to the manufacturer or factory branch by certified mail, return receipt requested. This notice must be sent during the warranty period and should describe the defect or nonconformity. The manufacturer then has 30 days to complete repairs. Failure to provide this notice may prevent you from obtaining a refund or replacement.

What is the maximum usage deduction Maryland can take from my refund?

Maryland caps the reasonable use deduction at 15% of the purchase price. This is more favorable than many states that calculate deductions based on miles driven, which can result in higher deductions for consumers who drove significant distances before the defect appeared.

Does Maryland's lemon law cover leased vehicles?

Yes. Maryland's lemon law definition of consumer includes lessees of new motor vehicles. If a leased vehicle qualifies as a lemon, the manufacturer must make both the lessor and lessee whole. The lessee can recover lease payments made during periods the vehicle was unavailable, repair costs, and fees. The lessor cannot charge the lessee any early termination fees or prepayment penalties for returning a lemon vehicle.

Are electric vehicles covered under Maryland's lemon law?

Yes. Electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids that are registered as Class A (passenger), Class D (motorcycle), Class E (truck), or Class M (multipurpose) vehicles are covered. Battery defects, charging system failures, and drivetrain problems are treated the same as mechanical defects on conventional vehicles. Maryland has not enacted separate EV-specific lemon law provisions.

Can I still sue if I go through the manufacturer's arbitration program?

Yes. Under Maryland law, a consumer who uses a manufacturer's informal dispute settlement procedure cannot be precluded from seeking other legal remedies. The arbitration decision is binding on the manufacturer but not on you. If you are not satisfied with the arbitration outcome, you retain the right to file a lawsuit in court.

What protections do used car buyers have in Maryland?

While the state lemon law only covers new vehicles, Maryland restricts, but does not flatly prohibit, as-is used car sales: a dealer cannot disclaim the implied warranty of merchantability unless the vehicle is more than 6 model years old, has more than 60,000 miles, and the dealer gives the required written disclosure (Md. Code, Com. Law 2-316.1). Used car buyers may also have claims under the federal Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act if the vehicle is still covered by a manufacturer's or dealer's written warranty.