Connecticut Breach of the Peace, Disorderly Conduct and Trespass

Connecticut separates breach of the peace from disorderly conduct. Breach of the peace in the second degree (Conn. Gen. Stat. 53a-181), which covers fighting or threatening behavior in a public place, assaults, threats and abusive or obscene language in public, is a class B misdemeanor punishable by up to 6 months and a fine of up to $1,000. Disorderly conduct (53a-182), which covers fighting, offensive conduct that annoys or interferes with another person, unreasonable noise and similar acts, is a class C misdemeanor punishable by up to 3 months and $500. Both require intent to cause inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, or reckless creation of that risk.

Below them sits creating a public disturbance (53a-181a), an infraction. Above them, breach of the peace in the first degree (53a-180aa), placing a fake explosive or incendiary device or an imitation hazardous substance, is a class D felony.

Criminal trespass has three misdemeanor degrees: first degree (53a-107, class A) for entering or remaining after a personally communicated order to leave or in violation of certain protective orders; second degree (53a-108, class B) for knowingly entering or remaining in a building or on public land without license or privilege; and third degree (53a-109, class C, or class B with a $500 to $1,000 fine for hunting, trapping or fishing) for posted or fenced premises. Simple trespass (53a-110a) is an infraction, and no trespass section is graded as a felony, although violating a criminal protective order is a separate felony (53a-223) and repeat offenders can face a felony-level term (53a-40d). For other states, see our guide to disorderly conduct and trespass laws by state.

Information last verified on 2026-10-18. This article has not been reviewed by a licensed lawyer.

Jurisdiction scope: This article covers Connecticut's state statutes on breach of the peace, disorderly conduct and related public-order offenses in chapter 952 of the General Statutes, criminal and simple trespass (53a-107 to 53a-110e), trespass on state property (4b-11), hunting-permission rules in chapter 490, and the misdemeanor sentencing sections. It does not cover local noise ordinances and quiet hours (see Connecticut noise ordinance laws), the civil process for removing occupants (see Connecticut squatters' rights), use of force against intruders, civil trespass lawsuits, municipal ordinances, emergency curfews, or rules on federal property.

Breach of the peace and disorderly conduct in Connecticut

Connecticut has three overlapping public-order offenses that share one mental state, "with intent to cause inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, or recklessly creating a risk thereof." They differ in what conduct they reach and in grade. Each section sets a single grade, with no higher grade for repeat convictions.

Breach of the peace in the second degree (53a-181)

Section 53a-181(a) applies when a person, with that intent or recklessness:

"(1) Engages in fighting or in violent, tumultuous or threatening behavior in a public place; or (2) assaults or strikes another; or (3) threatens to commit any crime against another person or such other person's property; or (4) publicly exhibits, distributes, posts up or advertises any offensive, indecent or abusive matter concerning any person; or (5) in a public place, uses abusive or obscene language or makes an obscene gesture; or (6) creates a public and hazardous or physically offensive condition by any act which such person is not licensed or privileged to do." Conn. Gen. Stat. 53a-181(a)

For this section, "public place" means "any area that is used or held out for use by the public whether owned or operated by public or private interests." Breach of the peace in the second degree is a class B misdemeanor: up to 6 months (53a-36(2)) and a fine of up to $1,000 (53a-42(2)).

Disorderly conduct (53a-182)

Disorderly conduct is the lower misdemeanor. Under 53a-182(a), a person commits it when, with the same intent or recklessness, the person:

1. engages in fighting or in violent, tumultuous or threatening behavior;
2. "by offensive or disorderly conduct, annoys or interferes with another person";
3. "makes unreasonable noise";
4. without lawful authority, disturbs any lawful assembly or meeting of persons;
5. obstructs vehicular or pedestrian traffic;
6. congregates with others in a public place and refuses to comply with a reasonable official request or order to disperse; or
7. commits simple trespass and observes, in other than a casual or cursory manner, another person who is inside a dwelling and not in plain view, without that person's knowledge or consent, where the person has a reasonable expectation of privacy.

Unlike 53a-181, the section has no general public-place element; only subdivision (6) mentions a public place. Disorderly conduct is a class C misdemeanor: up to 3 months (53a-36(3)) and a fine of up to $500 (53a-42(3)).

The unreasonable-noise clause, subdivision (3), is the state-law noise offense; quiet hours and decibel rules are covered on our Connecticut noise ordinance laws page.

Creating a public disturbance (53a-181a)

The infraction version covers fighting or violent, tumultuous or threatening behavior, annoying or interfering with another person by offensive conduct, or making unreasonable noise, with the same intent or recklessness. Under 53a-27(a), "An offense, for which the only sentence authorized is a fine, is a violation unless expressly designated an infraction," and 53a-181a expressly designates this one an infraction. Under 51-164m(c)(1), except as subdivision (2) of that subsection provides, no infraction fine set under that section "may be less than thirty-five dollars or more than ninety dollars."

Breach of the peace in the first degree (53a-180aa)

The felony form is narrow. It applies when a person, with intent to cause inconvenience, annoyance or alarm or recklessly creating that risk, "places a nonfunctional imitation of an explosive or incendiary device or an imitation of a hazardous substance in a public place or in a place or manner likely to be discovered by another person." It is a class D felony, punishable by up to 5 years (53a-35a) and a fine of up to $5,000 (53a-41).

Swearing, yelling and fighting: how the courts have read these statutes

The words of the statutes: abusive or obscene language or an obscene gesture in a public place is breach of the peace under 53a-181(a)(5); fighting is covered by 53a-181(a)(1) (in a public place) and 53a-182(a)(1); and loud conduct can be unreasonable noise under 53a-182(a)(3). Assaults and strikes are breach of the peace under 53a-181(a)(2); the assault statutes grade injuries separately (see Connecticut assault and battery laws).

The official annotations printed with the statutes on the General Assembly's website summarize several court limits:

• 53a-181(a)(1) and speech: the annotation to 237 Conn. 613 states that "when applied to speech, parameters of the violent, threatening or tumultuous behavior prohibited by section are consistent with 'fighting words.'"
• Threats and police officers (53a-181(a)(3)): the annotation to State v. DeLoreto, 265 Conn. 145, which is listed under subdivision (3), the threats clause, states that "to avoid invalidation on grounds of overbreadth," a judicial gloss was adopted: when a police officer is the only person "upon whose sensibilities the inflammatory language could have played, a conviction can be supported only for extremely offensive behavior supporting an inference that the actor wished to provoke the policeman to violence."
• 53a-181(a)(5): the annotation to 1 Conn. App. 669 states that this clause "is confined to language which constitutes 'fighting' words," and the annotation to 78 Conn. App. 98 describes it as reaching fighting words "that tend to induce immediate violence by the person or persons to whom the words are uttered because of their raw effect." The annotation to 34 Conn. Supp. 575 states that an obscene gesture "must be erotic in a significant way."
• Commercial settings: the annotation to 200 Conn. App. 401 states that 53a-181(a)(1) "does not cover commercial settings that are not open to the public."
• 53a-182(a)(2): the annotation to 228 Conn. 795 states that the plain language of the "offensive or disorderly conduct" clause was unconstitutionally vague and that the court construed it "to provide it with constitutional content for the future." The annotation to 83 Conn. App. 724 restates the clause as reaching a person who, "by conduct that is grossly offensive under contemporary community standards to a person who actually overhears it or sees it, disturbs or impedes the lawful activity of another person."

Related public-order offenses in Connecticut

Riot and unlawful assembly

• Riot in the first degree (53a-175): engaging, simultaneously with six or more other persons, in tumultuous and violent conduct that intentionally or recklessly causes or creates a grave risk of public alarm, where a non-participant suffers physical injury or substantial property damage occurs. Class A misdemeanor.
• Riot in the second degree (53a-176): the same conduct with two or more other persons, without the injury or damage element. Class B misdemeanor.
• Unlawful assembly (53a-177): assembling with two or more others to engage in riot, or remaining at an assembly that has or develops that purpose with intent to advance it. Class B misdemeanor.
• Inciting to riot (53a-178): advocating, urging or organizing six or more persons to engage in tumultuous and violent conduct of a kind likely to cause public alarm. Class A misdemeanor.
• Correctional institutions: rioting at a correctional institution (53a-179b) is a class B felony, and inciting to riot at a correctional institution (53a-179c) is a class C felony. The same group of sections makes criminal advocacy, advocating the overthrow of the state government by imminent dangerous action, a class D felony (53a-179).

False reports and 9-1-1 misuse (53a-180 to 53a-180d)

Knowingly initiating or circulating a false report or warning of a fire, explosion, catastrophe or emergency where public alarm or inconvenience is likely, or falsely reporting such an event to an agency that deals with emergencies, is falsely reporting an incident in the first degree (53a-180), a class D felony. When a person is convicted of a false report made with intent to cause a large scale emergency response (an on-site response by five or more first responders) and such a response resulted, the court orders restitution of the response costs if a state or local agency requests it and the court finds the agency incurred them, on terms set after considering the offender's ability to pay. A false report under 53a-180 or 53a-180c that results in another person's serious physical injury or death is a class C felony (53a-180a), and a false report to a law enforcement officer or agency of another person's serious physical injury or death is a class D felony (53a-180b).

Gratuitously reporting to a law enforcement officer or agency an offense or incident that did not occur, or false information about an actual one, is falsely reporting an incident in the second degree (53a-180c), a class A misdemeanor. Calling 9-1-1 to make a false alarm or complaint, or purposely reporting false information that could result in the dispatch of emergency services, is misuse of the emergency 9-1-1 system (53a-180d), a class B misdemeanor. Since October 1, 2026, Public Act 26-77 treats these false reports, when made with specific intent to falsely report another person motivated in whole or in substantial part by a protected social category, as separate hate crimes, graded from a class A misdemeanor (9-1-1 misuse) to a class B felony (a report resulting in serious physical injury or death).

Obstructing free passage (53a-182a)

After being warned by a law enforcement officer, a person who stands, sits or lies in a public street, curb, crosswalk, walkway, mall or private property used by the public "so as to obstruct unreasonably the free passage of pedestrians," or who unreasonably obstructs the entrance to a building open to the public, commits a class C misdemeanor. The section opens with an exception: it applies "Unless a person is engaging in any activity which is expressive of rights guaranteed under the Constitution of the United States or the Constitution of this state."

Disruption of a funeral (53a-183c)

From 60 minutes before to 60 minutes after a funeral, no one may engage in an activity any part of which (1) takes place within the boundaries of the funeral location, or within 150 feet of where a route in or out meets that boundary, and includes wilfully making or helping make noise or a diversion, not part of the funeral, that disturbs or tends to disturb it, with intent to disturb it; or (2) is within 300 feet of the boundary and includes wilfully and without proper authorization impeding entry or exit, with intent to impede. A violation is a class A misdemeanor.

Loitering, panhandling and highways

Loitering on school grounds (53a-185) is a class C misdemeanor: a person "loiters or remains in or about a school building or grounds, not having any reason or relationship involving custody of or responsibility for a pupil or any other license or privilege to be there."

Soliciting a ride while on the traveled portion of a public highway is an infraction with a $35 fine (53-181), and a pedestrian who uses a street negligently or recklessly or disobeys traffic signals commits an infraction with a fine of $35 to $50 (53-182). Chapters 939, 941, 943 and 952 of the General Statutes contain no general loitering, panhandling or public-camping offense beyond these sections.

Public intoxication

Public intoxication is not a crime in Connecticut. Sections 53a-184 and 53a-184a, the former intoxication offenses in chapter 952, are repealed. Section 17a-683 provides for protective custody and states: "A taking into protective custody under this section is not an arrest. No entry or other record shall be made to indicate that the person has been arrested or charged with a crime."

Criminal trespass in Connecticut

Connecticut grades criminal trespass in three degrees, plus three infraction-level simple-trespass offenses. Every degree requires that the person know they are not licensed or privileged to be there (except the protective-order forms of first degree, which turn on the order).

Key definitions (53a-100)

Section 53a-100(a) defines terms "applicable to this part" of the penal code. A "building," "in addition to its ordinary meaning, includes any watercraft, aircraft, trailer, sleeping car, railroad car or other structure or vehicle," and each separate unit not occupied by the actor is also a separate building. A "dwelling" is "a building which is usually occupied by a person lodging therein at night, whether or not a person is actually present." "Public land" means "a state park, state forest or municipal park or any other publicly-owned land that is open to the public for active or passive recreation." The separate definition of "enters or remains unlawfully" in 53a-100(b) applies only to sections 53a-100aa to 53a-106 (the burglary sections), not to criminal trespass.

First degree (53a-107): ordered to leave, or a protective order

Criminal trespass in the first degree is a class A misdemeanor. It applies when a person:

1. knowing they are not licensed or privileged, "enters or remains in a building or any other premises after an order to leave or not to enter personally communicated to such person by the owner of the premises or other authorized person";
2. enters or remains in a building or other premises in violation of a restraining order under 46b-15 or a protective order under 46b-16a, 46b-38c, 54-1k or 54-82r;
3. enters or remains in violation of a foreign order of protection issued against the person in a case involving the use, attempted use or threatened use of physical force; or
4. knowing they are not licensed or privileged, enters or remains on public land after an order to leave or not to enter personally communicated by an authorized state or municipal official.

Section 53a-36(1) still says a class A misdemeanor carries "a term not to exceed one year," but 53a-36a, since October 1, 2021, caps any such term at 364 days, including for sentences imposed before that date. The fine is up to $2,000 (53a-42(1)).

Violating a criminal protective order issued under 46b-38c(e), 53a-28(f), 54-1k or 54-82r is also a separate offense, criminal violation of a protective order (53a-223), a class D felony, or class C if the violation involves restraint, threats, harassment or assault. Under 53a-40d, a person convicted of first- or second-degree criminal trespass who has a listed prior conviction (including assault, stalking, threatening, harassment, a protective-order violation or criminal trespass) is sentenced at the next more serious degree; for a class A misdemeanor, that is the prison term for a class D felony.

Second degree (53a-108): buildings and public land

Criminal trespass in the second degree applies when, "knowing that such person is not licensed or privileged to do so, (1) such person enters or remains in a building, or (2) such person enters or remains on public land." No order or posting is required. It is a class B misdemeanor: up to 6 months and $1,000.

Third degree (53a-109): posted and fenced land, and hunting

Criminal trespass in the third degree applies when, knowing they are not licensed or privileged, a person:

"(1) Such person enters or remains in premises which are posted in a manner prescribed by law or reasonably likely to come to the attention of intruders or are fenced or otherwise enclosed in a manner designed to exclude intruders, or which belong to the state and are appurtenant to any state institution; or (2) such person enters or remains in any premises for the purpose of hunting, trapping or fishing; or (3) such person enters or remains on public land which is posted in a manner prescribed by law or reasonably likely to come to the attention of intruders or is fenced or otherwise enclosed in a manner designed to exclude intruders." Conn. Gen. Stat. 53a-109(a)

It "is a class C misdemeanor, except that any person found guilty under subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section shall be guilty of a class B misdemeanor and fined not less than five hundred nor more than one thousand dollars." Subdivision (2), the hunting, trapping and fishing form, contains no posting requirement.

For the public-land forms of trespass (53a-107(a)(4), 53a-108(a)(2) and 53a-109(a)(3)), the court must add a surcharge equal to 50 percent of the fine (53a-44a).

What counts as notice, and is there a purple paint law?

Connecticut's trespass sections use three kinds of notice, each tied to a degree: an order personally communicated by the owner or other authorized person (first degree), posting "in a manner prescribed by law or reasonably likely to come to the attention of intruders" (third degree), and fencing or other enclosure "designed to exclude intruders" (third degree). Second degree requires no notice at all for buildings and public land, only knowledge of having no license or privilege.

There is no purple paint law. The trespass sections (53a-107 to 53a-110e), the definitions in 53a-100, the hunting sections 26-65, 26-71 and 26-81, and the state-property section 4b-11 contain no paint-mark provision and no sign specifications.

When a store or owner tells you to leave

An order to leave or not to enter, personally communicated by the owner or other authorized person, is what raises trespass to the first degree under 53a-107(a)(1), a class A misdemeanor. Section 53a-110 provides affirmative defenses to any criminal trespass prosecution, including that "the premises, at the time of the entry or remaining, were open to the public and the actor complied with all lawful conditions imposed on access to or remaining in the premises."

Affirmative defenses (53a-110)

Section 53a-110 provides that "It shall be an affirmative defense to prosecution for criminal trespass that: (1) The building involved in the offense was abandoned; or (2) the premises, at the time of the entry or remaining, were open to the public and the actor complied with all lawful conditions imposed on access to or remaining in the premises; or (3) the actor reasonably believed that the owner of the premises, or a person empowered to license access thereto, would have licensed him to enter or remain, or that he was licensed to do so."

Simple trespass, railroads and watershed land

• Simple trespass (53a-110a): "knowing that such person is not licensed or privileged to do so, such person enters or remains in or on any premises without intent to harm any property." Infraction.
• Simple trespass of railroad property (53a-110d): entering or remaining on railroad property without lawful authority or the railroad carrier's consent, knowing one is not licensed or privileged. Infraction.
• Simple trespass of watershed land (53a-110e): entering or remaining on public water supply watershed land owned, controlled or managed by a water company, without lawful authority or the company's consent. An infraction with a fine of $90.

State property and the Capitol grounds (4b-11)

Section 4b-11 places state institution property, State Police property outside Hartford, the State Capitol building and grounds, the Legislative Office Building and garage, and Judicial Department property under named custodians. "Any person who trespasses upon such property shall be subject to the penalty for criminal trespass, as provided in sections 53a-107 to 53a-109, inclusive, or simple trespass, as provided in section 53a-110a." Violating a regulation on the use of that property carries a fine of up to $500, up to three months, or both.

Hunting, trapping and fishing

Besides third-degree trespass under 53a-109(a)(2), section 26-65(b) provides: "No person may engage in hunting on private land without the permission of the owner of such land." A violation of sections 26-65 to 26-70 is a class D misdemeanor under 26-71, punishable by up to 30 days (53a-36(4)) and a fine of up to $250 (53a-42(4)). Section 26-72 also bars setting, placing or attending a trap on another's land without having in one's possession the written permission of the owner or lessee or their agent; a violation is a class D misdemeanor (up to 30 days and a fine of up to $250).

Drones and critical infrastructure

Chapter 952 contains no critical-infrastructure trespass offense. Section 15-101c, added by Public Act 25-1, bars operating an unmanned aircraft less than 250 feet above ground level of, or within 100 horizontal feet of, a critical infrastructure facility (except FAA-authorized commercial operations and listed official-duty operations), and bars using one to surveil or collect information about such a facility without the owner's or administrator's prior approval. A violation is a class A misdemeanor. See Connecticut drone laws.

Squatting, lockouts and forcible entry

The trespass sections contain no squatting-specific offense; an occupant who knowingly enters or remains in a building without license or privilege falls within the general trespass degrees above. In the other direction, criminal lockout (53a-214) makes it a class C misdemeanor for a landlord, lessor, owner or agent, "without benefit of a court order," to deprive a tenant or nonresidential lessee of access to the unit or possessions. Forcible entry and detainer under 47a-43 is a civil complaint to a Superior Court judge, not a criminal offense. For the civil removal process, see Connecticut squatters' rights; force against an intruder is governed by separate justification rules covered on Connecticut self-defense laws.

Trespass versus burglary

The felony line is burglary. Under 53a-103, a person commits burglary in the third degree, a class D felony, "when he enters or remains unlawfully in a building with intent to commit a crime therein." The intent to commit a crime inside is what separates burglary from criminal trespass. Entering or remaining unlawfully in a dwelling with that intent while a person other than a participant in the crime is actually present is burglary in the second degree, a class C felony (53a-102), and doing so at night is burglary in the first degree, a class B felony (53a-101(a)(3)).

Connecticut disorderly conduct and trespass penalties at a glance

Misdemeanor ranges come from 53a-36 (imprisonment) and 53a-42 (fines), which apply "unless the section of the general statutes that defines or provides the penalty for the crime specifically provides otherwise," with the class A term capped at 364 days by 53a-36a. Felony ranges come from 53a-35a (imprisonment) and 53a-41 (fines), which apply to any felony unless the defining section provides otherwise; see Connecticut felony and misdemeanor classes for the full class table.

Recent changes to Connecticut's disorderly conduct and trespass laws

• Public Act 26-77 (effective October 1, 2026): removed the bias-motivated forms from the false-report and 9-1-1 misuse sections (53a-180, 53a-180a, 53a-180c and 53a-180d), leaving each with a single grade, and re-created them as separate hate crimes.
• Public Act 25-1: added 15-101c, the class A misdemeanor for operating a drone near a critical infrastructure facility, or surveilling one without the owner's or administrator's approval.
• Public Act 25-44: made a technical change to criminal lockout (53a-214), printed in the 2026 Supplement to chapter 952. The 2026 Supplement does not amend the breach of the peace, disorderly conduct or criminal trespass sections described here.
• Public Act 23-40: added simple trespass of watershed land (53a-110e), an infraction with a $90 fine.
• Public Act 21-32 (October 1, 2021): capped every offense punishable by up to one year, including class A misdemeanors such as first-degree trespass, riot in the first degree and funeral disruption, at 364 days (53a-36a). It applies to sentences imposed before, on or after October 1, 2021, and a person sentenced to one year before that date may apply to have the term modified.

Federal law separately governs conduct on federal property and at the U.S. Capitol; see the disorderly conduct and trespass laws by state hub.

Related Connecticut and state-by-state guides

• Disorderly conduct and trespass laws by state
• Connecticut noise ordinance laws
• Connecticut felony and misdemeanor classes
• Connecticut squatters' rights
• Connecticut self-defense laws
• Connecticut drone laws
• New York disorderly conduct laws

This article provides general legal information about Connecticut statutes, not legal advice. For advice about a specific situation, contact a lawyer licensed in Connecticut.

Last updated: 2026-10-18.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is disorderly conduct a misdemeanor in Connecticut?

Yes. Disorderly conduct under Conn. Gen. Stat. 53a-182 is a class C misdemeanor, punishable by up to 3 months and a fine of up to $500. Breach of the peace in the second degree (53a-181) is a class B misdemeanor, and creating a public disturbance (53a-181a) is an infraction.

What is the difference between breach of the peace and disorderly conduct in Connecticut?

They are separate offenses with the same mental state. Breach of the peace in the second degree (53a-181, class B) covers fighting or threatening behavior in a public place, assaults, threats to commit a crime, abusive matter about a person, and abusive or obscene language in public; disorderly conduct (53a-182, class C) covers fighting, offensive conduct that annoys or interferes, unreasonable noise, disturbing meetings, obstructing traffic, refusing to disperse and trespass with peeping.

Can you get breach of the peace for swearing in Connecticut?

Section 53a-181(a)(5) covers using abusive or obscene language or an obscene gesture in a public place, with intent to cause inconvenience, annoyance or alarm or recklessly creating that risk. The official annotations note judicial limits on the statute's speech applications, including a fighting-words limit for subdivision (1) when applied to speech, and annotations stating that subdivision (5) is confined to fighting words, those that tend to provoke immediate violence by the person addressed.

Is criminal trespass a felony in Connecticut?

No trespass section is graded as a felony. Criminal trespass in the first, second and third degrees (53a-107 to 53a-109) are misdemeanors, the highest a class A misdemeanor capped at 364 days by 53a-36a, and simple trespass (53a-110a) is an infraction. Violating a criminal protective order is a separate felony (53a-223), and under 53a-40d a repeat offender convicted of first-degree trespass can receive a class D felony prison term. Entering or remaining unlawfully in a building with intent to commit a crime is burglary in the third degree, a class D felony (53a-103).

Does Connecticut have a purple paint law?

No. Third-degree criminal trespass (53a-109) applies to premises posted in a manner prescribed by law or reasonably likely to come to the attention of intruders, or fenced or enclosed to exclude intruders, and the trespass sections contain no paint-mark provision.

What happens if a store tells you to leave in Connecticut?

Under 53a-107(a)(1), a person who knows they are not licensed or privileged to be there and enters or remains in a building or other premises after an order to leave or not to enter personally communicated by the owner or other authorized person commits criminal trespass in the first degree, a class A misdemeanor (up to 364 days and $2,000, with longer terms for some repeat offenders under 53a-40d).

Is public intoxication illegal in Connecticut?

No. Sections 53a-184 and 53a-184a, the former intoxication offenses, are repealed. Under 17a-683, a taking into protective custody is not an arrest, and no record may be made indicating the person was arrested or charged with a crime.

Is hunting on posted land trespassing in Connecticut?

Entering or remaining in any premises to hunt, trap or fish, knowing you are not licensed or privileged to do so, is third-degree criminal trespass under 53a-109(a)(2), a class B misdemeanor with a fine of $500 to $1,000, and that subdivision has no posting requirement. Hunting on private land without the owner's permission also violates 26-65(b), a class D misdemeanor.