New Hampshire Lemon Law (2026): How to Qualify & Get a Refund

New Hampshire's lemon law (RSA 357-D) protects buyers and lessees of new passenger vehicles and light trucks weighing up to 11,000 pounds, as well as motorcycles, OHRVs, and snowmobiles, which the law covers as separate categories with no weight limit. A vehicle qualifies when the same defect persists after three repair attempts or the vehicle is out of service for 30 or more business days during the warranty term. The consumer chooses between a full refund or a replacement vehicle.

Overview of New Hampshire's Lemon Law

New Hampshire's lemon law, formally known as the New Motor Vehicle Arbitration Act (RSA 357-D), protects consumers who purchase or lease new motor vehicles that turn out to have persistent defects. The law provides an efficient, informal process for resolving warranty disputes between consumers and manufacturers.

Under this law, if a manufacturer or its authorized dealers cannot repair a substantial defect after a reasonable number of attempts, the consumer may be entitled to a replacement vehicle or a full refund. The New Hampshire Motor Vehicle Arbitration Board, administratively attached to the Division of Motor Vehicles, oversees claims and conducts hearings.

This guide covers every major provision of RSA 357-D, including which vehicles qualify, how the lemon law presumption works, what remedies are available, and how to file a claim with the Arbitration Board.

What Vehicles Are Covered

New Hampshire's lemon law covers a broad range of new motor vehicles. Under RSA 357-D:2, "motor vehicle" includes any vehicle with a gross weight not exceeding 11,000 pounds that is purchased or leased by a consumer.

Covered Vehicle Types

• Passenger vehicles: Private passenger and station wagon type vehicles
• Light trucks: Four-wheel motor vehicles with gross weight not exceeding 11,000 pounds (except tractors and mopeds)
• Motorcycles: Street-legal motorcycles purchased with manufacturer warranties
• Off-highway recreational vehicles (OHRVs): As defined in RSA 215-A:1, VI
• Snowmobiles: As defined in RSA 215-C:1, XV and RSA 357-C:1, XXVI

Vehicles Not Covered

• Tractors and agricultural equipment
• Mopeds
• Vehicles with gross weight exceeding 11,000 pounds
• Vehicles purchased by governmental entities
• Vehicles purchased for purposes of resale
• Vehicles purchased for the purpose of subleasing (for lessees)

Who Qualifies as a Consumer

Under RSA 357-D:2, III, a "consumer" means:

• The purchaser (other than for resale) of a new motor vehicle
• The lessee of a new motor vehicle (other than for sublease)
• Any person to whom the motor vehicle is transferred during the warranty period
• Any other person entitled by the warranty terms to enforce warranty obligations

Governmental entities are specifically excluded from the definition of consumer. Leases must be for a term of two or more years to qualify under the lemon law.

The Lemon Law Presumption

Under RSA 357-D:3, VII, New Hampshire law creates a rebuttable presumption that a reasonable number of repair attempts have been made when certain conditions are met during the express warranty term.

When the Presumption Applies

Documentation Requirements

Under RSA 357-D:3, VIII, each repair attempt must be documented with a written examination or repair order. Without proper written records, the presumption does not apply. Consumers should always request and keep copies of every repair order, invoice, and service record.

Extension of Warranty and Out-of-Service Periods

The warranty term and the 30-day out-of-service period are extended by any time during which repair services were not available to the consumer because of:

• War or invasion
• Strike
• Fire, flood, or other natural disaster

If such an extension applies, the manufacturer must provide free use of a vehicle to the consumer whose vehicle is out of service. A vehicle is not considered "out of service" if it is available to the consumer for a major part of the day.

Written Notice Requirements

New Hampshire's lemon law has specific notice requirements that consumers must follow before seeking relief. Under RSA 357-D:4, after the third repair attempt or after 30 business days out of service, the consumer must notify the manufacturer and lessor (if applicable) in writing.

What the Notice Must Include

The written notice must:

• Be on forms provided by the manufacturer
• Identify the nonconformity, defect, or condition
• State the consumer's election to proceed under the lemon law
• Indicate whether the consumer chooses to use the manufacturer's dispute settlement mechanism or the NH Motor Vehicle Arbitration Board

Manufacturer Disclosure Obligations

Under RSA 357-D:9, manufacturers must provide:

• Forms for consumer notification along with clear and conspicuous disclosure of consumer rights at the time of vehicle delivery
• Self-addressed notice forms sufficient to notify the manufacturer
• Clear and conspicuous notice informing consumers of their rights under the lemon law

These disclosure requirements cannot be delegated to dealers. The forms and notices must follow rules adopted by the Department of Justice and cannot include window stickers.

Choosing Your Path: Arbitration Board vs. Manufacturer Program

The consumer must elect whether to proceed before the NH Motor Vehicle Arbitration Board or through the manufacturer's dispute settlement mechanism. This choice is binding. Selecting one method prevents you from using the other if you are dissatisfied with the outcome.

Consumer Remedies: Refund vs. Replacement

When a vehicle qualifies as a lemon under New Hampshire law, the consumer has the right to choose between two remedies under RSA 357-D:3, V.

Option 1: Replacement Vehicle

The manufacturer must replace the motor vehicle with a new motor vehicle from the same manufacturer, if available, of comparable worth to the same make and model with all options and accessories. Appropriate adjustments are allowed for model year differences.

Option 2: Vehicle Buyback (Full Refund)

The manufacturer must accept return of the vehicle and provide a refund that includes:

• Full purchase price as indicated in the purchase contract
• Credits and allowances for any trade-in or down payment
• License and registration fees paid by the consumer
• Finance charges and similar credit charges
• Incidental and consequential damages as applicable

Usage Deduction Formula

A reasonable allowance for use may be deducted from the refund. On a purchased vehicle, this amount covers use by the consumer before the first repair attempt and is calculated using the following formula. Leased vehicles use a different denominator, explained in the Leased Vehicle Provisions section below.

Formula: Usage Deduction = (Full Purchase Price x Miles Before First Repair Attempt) / Denominator

For example, if a consumer paid $35,000 for a passenger vehicle and drove 3,000 miles before the first repair attempt, the usage deduction would be ($35,000 x 3,000) / 100,000 = $1,050.

Payment Timeline

Under RSA 357-D:4, VI, the manufacturer must provide the refund or make the replacement within 30 days of a Board decision, or within 15 days of final adjudication in court.

Leased Vehicle Provisions

New Hampshire's lemon law includes detailed provisions for leased vehicles under RSA 357-D:3, IX. The lease must be for a term of two or more years to qualify.

Refund to the Lessee

The manufacturer must provide the lessee with:

• The aggregate deposit and rental payments previously paid to the motor vehicle lessor
• Incidental and consequential damages, if applicable
• Minus a reasonable allowance for use

How the Lease Usage Allowance Is Calculated

The lease allowance is not the purchase formula applied to lease payments. RSA 357-D:3, IX(a) sets its own calculation: multiply the aggregate deposit and rental payments made by the lessee by a fraction whose numerator is the number of miles the vehicle traveled before the first repair attempt.

The denominator is 100,000, or 20,000 for a motorcycle, snowmobile, or OHRV. The engine-size split used for purchase refunds does not appear in the lease provision, so a leased motorcycle, snowmobile, or OHRV uses the 20,000-mile denominator no matter how large its engine is.

Refund to the Lessor

The manufacturer must provide the motor vehicle lessor with:

• The lessor's actual purchase cost, less payments made by the lessee
• Freight costs, if applicable
• Dealer or manufacturer-installed accessories costs, if applicable
• Any fee paid to another party to obtain the lease
• An amount equal to 5% of the lessor's actual purchase cost (in lieu of early termination costs)

Lease Termination

The lessee's lease agreement is terminated upon a Board decision in the lessee's favor. The lessee is not liable for any further costs or charges to the manufacturer or motor vehicle lessor under the lease agreement.

How to File a Lemon Law Claim

Filing a lemon law claim in New Hampshire involves several steps. Following this process carefully helps ensure your claim proceeds smoothly.

Step 1: Document Every Repair Attempt

Keep copies of all repair orders, invoices, and service records. Each repair attempt must be documented in writing. Note the date you dropped off the vehicle and the date you picked it up to track out-of-service days.

Step 2: Send Written Notice to the Manufacturer

After meeting the lemon law threshold (three repair attempts or 30 business days out of service), send written notice using the forms the manufacturer provided at the time of purchase. The notice must identify the defect, state your election to proceed under the lemon law, and specify whether you choose the Arbitration Board or the manufacturer's dispute settlement mechanism.

Step 3: Submit Your Demand for Arbitration

If you choose the NH Motor Vehicle Arbitration Board, submit the Demand for Arbitration form along with supporting documents. You must also send an exact duplicate of your filing to the manufacturer at the applicable zone office address.

Include your check or money order for $50, payable to "State of New Hampshire - DMV."

Mail to: New Hampshire Motor Vehicle Arbitration Board, 23 Hazen Drive, Concord, NH 03305

Step 4: Attend the Hearing

The Board must hold a hearing within 40 days of receiving your complaint. During this period, the manufacturer has one final opportunity to repair the defect. If the repair is satisfactory, the arbitration terminates without prejudice to your right to restart the process if the problem returns.

Step 5: Receive the Board's Decision

The Board will render a decision within 30 days of the hearing's conclusion. If the Board rules in your favor, the manufacturer must provide a refund or replacement within 30 days.

NH Motor Vehicle Arbitration Board

New Hampshire established a dedicated Motor Vehicle Arbitration Board under RSA 357-D:5 to hear lemon law disputes.

Board Composition

The Board consists of five members and three alternate members appointed by the Governor and Council for three-year terms:

• One member and one alternate who are new car dealers in New Hampshire
• One member and one alternate knowledgeable in automobile mechanics
• Three members and one alternate representing consumers with no direct involvement in the motor vehicle industry

Filing Fees

Fees are retained by the Department of Safety to defray costs associated with the Board.

Hearing Timeline and Extensions

Under RSA 357-D:4, IV, the hearing must take place within 40 days of receipt of the consumer's notice, unless good cause exists for an extension (not to exceed an additional 30 days). If the manufacturer requests the extension, they must provide free use of a vehicle to the consumer if the consumer's vehicle is out of service.

Appeals Process

Under RSA 357-D:6, the Board's decision is final and cannot be modified or vacated unless a party proves by clear and convincing evidence that:

• The award was procured by corruption, fraud, or undue means
• There was evident partiality, corruption, or misconduct by the Board
• The Board exceeded its powers
• The Board refused to postpone a hearing after sufficient cause, refused to hear material evidence, or conducted the hearing contrary to rules so as to substantially prejudice a party's rights

Any appeal must be filed with the Superior Court within 30 days of the Board's written decision.

Federal Lemon Law: Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act

New Hampshire's RSA 357-D runs alongside the federal Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act (15 U.S.C. 2301 et seq.), which is the federal lemon law backstop. The Magnuson-Moss Act applies to any consumer product sold with a written warranty, including new vehicles.

Under the federal act, if a manufacturer cannot repair a defect within a reasonable number of attempts, the consumer may be entitled to a refund or replacement. Unlike most state lemon laws, the Magnuson-Moss Act does not impose a separate time or mileage eligibility window; it covers the vehicle for the full duration of the written warranty.

Consumers can pursue claims under New Hampshire's state lemon law, the Magnuson-Moss Act, or both. A consumer who finally prevails may be allowed by the court to recover costs and attorney fees, but 15 U.S.C. 2310(d)(2) leaves that award to the court's discretion and lets the court deny fees if it determines an award would be inappropriate. The possibility of a fee award is still the reason many lemon law attorneys take warranty cases without billing the consumer up front.

Federal court is not automatically available for these claims. Under 15 U.S.C. 2310(d)(3), a Magnuson-Moss claim cannot be heard in federal district court if the amount in controversy is less than $50,000, computed across all claims in the suit, and a class action needs at least 100 named plaintiffs. Most single-vehicle New Hampshire claims fall below that threshold, so they are filed in state court, where the Magnuson-Moss Act can still be pleaded.

Costs and Attorney Fees

Under RSA 357-D:10, in any court action by a consumer against a manufacturer or distributor based on an alleged breach of an express warranty, the court may award costs and reasonable attorney fees to the prevailing consumer.

This fee-shifting provision helps level the playing field between individual consumers and large automobile manufacturers. It means that if you successfully pursue a lemon law claim in court, the manufacturer may be required to pay your legal expenses on top of the refund or replacement.

However, the provision works both ways. If the court determines that the consumer's action was brought with no substantial justification, it may award costs and reasonable attorney fees to the manufacturer.

Unfair and Deceptive Practices Enforcement

Under RSA 357-D:7, failure of the manufacturer or distributor to comply with a decision of the Arbitration Board constitutes an unfair or deceptive act or practice under New Hampshire's Consumer Protection Act (RSA 358-A:2).

This means that if a manufacturer ignores or refuses to honor a Board ruling, the consumer gains additional legal remedies under New Hampshire's broader consumer protection laws. These remedies may include treble damages and additional attorney fees.

Manufacturer Defenses

Manufacturers may raise specific affirmative defenses under RSA 357-D:3, VI.

Valid Affirmative Defenses

Dealer Liability Protection

Under RSA 357-D:8, the lemon law does not impose liability on a franchised motor vehicle dealer and does not create a cause of action against a dealer, except for written express warranties made by the dealer apart from manufacturer warranties. Dealers cannot be made defendants in lemon law actions (except as noted), and manufacturers cannot charge back costs to dealers arising from lemon law claims.

Serious Safety Defect Provisions

New Hampshire has a notable provision regarding vehicles with serious safety defects. Under RSA 357-D:12:

Definition of Serious Safety Defect

A "serious safety defect" means a life-threatening malfunction or nonconformity that:

• Impedes the consumer's ability to control or operate the vehicle for ordinary use or reasonable intended purposes, OR
• Creates a risk of fire or explosion

Resale Prohibition

Any manufacturer, agent, or authorized dealer is prohibited from reselling in New Hampshire any vehicle determined or adjudicated by the Board as having a serious safety defect. This is a stronger protection than many states provide and ensures that dangerously defective vehicles cannot be passed on to unsuspecting consumers in the state.

Statute of Limitations

Under RSA 357-D:11, any proceeding under the lemon law must be commenced within one year following the later of:

• The expiration of the express warranty term, OR
• The manufacturer's final repair attempt of the nonconformity that gave rise to the consumer's request for replacement or refund

Preserving Other Legal Rights

Nothing in RSA 357-D limits the rights or remedies otherwise available to a consumer under any other provision of law. Consumers may have additional claims under the Uniform Commercial Code, the New Hampshire Consumer Protection Act (RSA 358-A), or common law.

Contact the NH Motor Vehicle Arbitration Board

For questions about your rights under the lemon law, complaint forms, or the arbitration process, contact:

New Hampshire Motor Vehicle Arbitration Board 23 Hazen Drive Concord, NH 03305 Phone: (603) 227-4385 Email: lemonlaw@dos.nh.gov Website: dmv.nh.gov

More New Hampshire Laws

• New Hampshire Car Accident Laws

Frequently Asked Questions

How many repair attempts trigger New Hampshire's lemon law?

New Hampshire law presumes a vehicle is a lemon after three repair attempts for the same nonconformity (as documented in written repair orders), or after 30 business days out of service for repairs during the warranty term. These attempts should generally be at the same authorized dealer unless you can show good cause for using a different dealer.

Does New Hampshire's lemon law cover motorcycles, snowmobiles, and OHRVs?

Yes. New Hampshire's lemon law covers motorcycles, off-highway recreational vehicles (OHRVs), and snowmobiles in addition to passenger vehicles and light trucks. On a purchase refund, the usage deduction denominator for these vehicles is 20,000 miles for engines 250cc or smaller and 40,000 miles for engines over 250cc, compared to 100,000 miles for passenger vehicles. On a leased vehicle, RSA 357-D:3, IX(a) uses a flat 20,000-mile denominator for a motorcycle, snowmobile, or OHRV with no engine-size split.

Can I sue the dealer under New Hampshire's lemon law?

No. Under RSA 357-D:8, dealers cannot be sued under the lemon law except for their own written express warranties separate from the manufacturer's warranty. The manufacturer bears full responsibility for lemon law claims. Manufacturers also cannot charge back lemon law costs to dealers.

How much does it cost to file a lemon law claim in New Hampshire?

The consumer filing fee is $50, payable to the State of New Hampshire - DMV. The manufacturer pays a $250 filing fee. If you pursue a court action instead and prevail, the court may award you costs and reasonable attorney fees under RSA 357-D:10.

What happens if the manufacturer ignores the Arbitration Board's decision?

Under RSA 357-D:7, a manufacturer's failure to comply with the Board's decision constitutes an unfair or deceptive act or practice under New Hampshire's Consumer Protection Act (RSA 358-A:2). This gives the consumer additional legal remedies, which may include treble damages and attorney fees.

Does the federal Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act apply to New Hampshire lemon law cases?

Yes. The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act (15 U.S.C. 2301) is the federal lemon law backstop and runs alongside RSA 357-D. Consumers can pursue claims under state law, the federal act, or both. The federal act covers vehicles for the full duration of the written warranty, and a consumer who finally prevails may be allowed costs and attorney fees, though 15 U.S.C. 2310(d)(2) makes that award discretionary rather than automatic. Federal district court is closed to Magnuson-Moss claims under $50,000, so most single-vehicle claims are filed in state court.