Imithetho Yobumfihlo Bolwazi YaseNingizimu Afrika: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele we-POPIA (2026)

Umthetho waseNingizimu Afrika i-Protection of Personal Information Act (Act 4 ka-2013) ulawula ukuthi yonke inhlangano iqoqa, igcina, futhi yabelana kanjani ngolwazi lomuntu siqu. Isebenza ngokugcwele kusukela ngoJulayi 1, 2021, iPOPIA idinga ukuhlangatshezwana nezimo eziyisishiyagalombili zokucutshungulwa okusemthethweni futhi inikeza i-Information Regulator amandla okubeka izinhlawulo ezifinyelela ku-ZAR 10 million.

Umthetho waseNingizimu Afrika i-Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA), ocashunwa ngokusemthethweni njenge-Act 4 ka-2013, ungomunye wezinhlaka ezinamandla kakhulu zokuvikela ulwazi kuzwelonke lase-Afrika. Wasayinwa waba umthetho ngoNovemba 19, 2013, kodwa iPOPIA ayizange isetshenziswe ngokugcwele kwaze kwaba ngoJulayi 1, 2021, ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuhambisana esiyizinyanga eziyi-12 esaqala lapho izigaba ezisele zaqala ukusebenza ngoJulayi 1, 2020.

IPOPIA ilawula ukuthi wonke umbuso womphakathi nowangasese eNingizimu Afrika uqoqa, ugcina, ucutshungula, futhi wabelana kanjani ngolwazi lomuntu siqu. Ngokungafani nemithetho eminingi yamazwe yokuvikela ulwazi, iPOPIA yelula izivikelo zayo ngale kwabantu ngokwemvelo ukuze ihlanganise abantu abazimele ngokomthetho njengezinkampani namatrasti, isici esinemiphumela emikhulu yokwenza ezimisweni ezijwayelekile zesivumelwano esisetshenziswa ekudluliseleni okuwela imingcele.

Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa zonke izici eziyinhloko zokuhambisana nePOPIA kusukela ngo-2026, kubandakanya isisekelo somthethosisekelo, izimo eziyisishiyagalombili zokucutshungulwa okusemthethweni, amalungelo abantu abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo, izibopho zesaziso sokwephulwa, imithetho yokudluliselwa okuwela imingcele, izichibiyelo zemithethonqubo yango-2025, izinyathelo zokuqinisa umthetho, kanye nezijeziso izinhlangano ezibhekana nazo ngokungahambisani.

Impendulo Esheshayo: Amaqiniso Ayinhloko Ngomthetho Wobumfihlo Bolwazi WaseNingizimu Afrika

Umthetho oyinhloko wobumfihlo bolwazi waseNingizimu Afrika yiPOPIA (Act 4 ka-2013). Isebenza kuzo zonke izinhlangano ezicutshungula ulwazi lomuntu siqu ngaphakathi kweNingizimu Afrika. Umbuso oqaphayo yi-Information Regulator. Izinhlawulo eziphakeme zokuphathwa kwezinto zifinyelela ku-ZAR 10 million. Lo Mthetho waqala ukusebenza ngokugcwele ngoJulayi 1, 2021.

Izimo eziyisishiyagalombili zokucutshungulwa okusemthethweni yilezi: Ukuthobela Umthwalo, Umkhawulo Wokucutshungulwa, Ukuchazwa Kwenhloso, Umkhawulo Wokucutshungulwa Okwengeziwe, Ukusebenza Kahle Kolwazi, Ukuvuleka, Izivikelo Zokuphepha, kanye Nokubamba Iqhaza Komuntu Oqoqelwe Ulwazi Lwakhe.

Izinhlangano zingabhekana futhi nokushushiswa njengobugebengu. Amacala amakhulu athwala ukuvalelwa ejele okufinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10. Lokhu kwehlukanisa iPOPIA ne-EU GDPR, engabeki noma yikuphi ukuvalelwa ejele obugebengu.

Isisekelo SoMthethosisekelo: Isigaba 14 Nelungelo Lobumfihlo

IPOPIA inikeza amandla omthetho kuSigaba 14 soMthethosisekelo Wombuso WaseNingizimu Afrika, 1996, esimisa ubumfihlo njengelungelo eliyisisekelo lomthethosisekelo.

Isigaba 14 sinikeza ukuthi wonke umuntu unelungelo lobumfihlo, elihlanganisa ilungelo lokuthi umuntu wakhe noma ikhaya lakhe lingaseshwa, impahla yakhe ingathathwa, ukuxhumana kwakhe kungathintelwe, noma ulwazi lwakhe lwangasese lungadalulwa ngokungekho emthethweni.

IPOPIA isebenzisa leli lungelo endabeni yolwazi ngokubeka izibopho ezithile kumaqembu anesibopho nangokunikeza abantu abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo amalungelo aqiniswayo. INkantolo YoMthethosisekelo yaseNingizimu Afrika ike yatolika ubumfihlo ngokubanzi njalo, ikubona njengelungelo elivumela ukuzimela komuntu ngamunye nesithunzi. Izimo eziyisishiyagalombili zePOPIA kanye namalungelo okubamba iqhaza komuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe ahumusha lawa mavelu omthethosisekelo abe yizibopho zokuhambisana ezisebenzayo.

IPOPIA Ne-PAIA: Imithetho Ehambisanayo

IPOPIA kumele ifundwe kanye noMthetho i-Promotion of Access to Information Act 2 ka-2000 (PAIA). Le mithetho yomibili ilinganisa amalungelo omthethosisekelo aphikisanayo futhi iphathwa futhi iqinisiwe ngokuhlangene yi-Information Regulator.

I-PAIA inikeza amandla omthetho kuSigaba 32 soMthethosisekelo, esimisa ilungelo lokufinyelela ulwazi olugcinwe umbuso noma amabhodi angasese lapho ulwazi ludingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe noma kuvikelwe noma yiliphi ilungelo. I-PAIA idala izindlela zokucela ukufinyelela imibhalo egcinwe amabhodi omphakathi nawangasese.

IPOPIA ne-PAIA zisebenza ngokuhambisana. IPOPIA inqumela ukudalulwa kolwazi lomuntu siqu, kanti i-PAIA idala izindlela zokufinyelela ulwazi. Lapho lawa malungelo ephikisana, iqembu elinesibopho kumele lilinganise izithakazelo zobumfihlo zomuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe nesithakazelo esisemthethweni sokufinyelela ulwazi somceli.

Izichibiyelo zango-2025 kuMithethonqubo yePOPIA nazo zathinta i-PAIA, zasusa isidingo sangaphambili sokuthi izikhulu zolwazi zigcine i-PAIA Manual, zancishisa umthwalo wokubhala kodwa zishiya izibopho eziyisisekelo ze-PAIA zingaphathwanga.

Yini IPOPIA Futhi Isebenza Kubani?

UMthetho i-Protection of Personal Information Act wamiswa ukukhuthaza ukuvikelwa kolwazi lomuntu siqu olucutshungulwa amabhodi omphakathi nawangasese kanye nokwethula izidingo eziyisisekelo zokucutshungulwa okusemthethweni. Umisa nayo i-Information Regulator njengomzimba wokugada ozimele futhi ulawula ukugeleza kolwazi lomuntu siqu ngaphesheya kwemingcele yaseNingizimu Afrika.

IPOPIA isebenza kuzo zonke izinhlangano ezicutshungula ulwazi lomuntu siqu ngaphakathi kweNingizimu Afrika. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amabhizinisi awo wonke amasayizi, imnyango kahulumeni, izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo, kanye noma yiliphi iqembu lakwamanye amazwe elicutshungula ulwazi lomuntu siqu lisebenzisa izindlela ezitholakala ngaphakathi kweNingizimu Afrika.

Izincazelo Eziyinhloko Ngaphansi kwePOPIA

Ukuqonda iPOPIA kudinga ukwazi amagama ayo athile, ahluke kolimi olusetshenziswa ku-General Data Protection Regulation ye-EU (GDPR).

Ulwazi Lomuntu Siqu luhlanganisa noma yiluphi ulwazi oluhlobene nomuntu ngokwemvelo ophilayo owaziwayo, noma umuntu ozimele ngokomthetho okhona owaziwayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amagama, imininingwane yokuxhumana, izinombolo zokuzichaza, ulwazi lwe-biometric, ulwazi lwezimali, umlando womsebenzi, ulwazi lwendawo, ngisho nemibono yomuntu siqu.

Iqembu Elinesibopho liyalingana ne-"data controller" ngaphansi kwe-GDPR. Leli yiqembu elinquma inhloso nezindlela zokucutshungula ulwazi lomuntu siqu.

Umsebenzisi (Operator) usebenza njenge-"data processor" ngaphansi kwe-GDPR. Umsebenzisi ucutshungula ulwazi lomuntu siqu egameni leqembu elinesibopho ngaphansi kwesivumelwano noma imvume.

Umuntu Oqoqelwe Ulwazi Lwakhe ngumuntu (ngokwemvelo noma ozimele ngokomthetho) ocutshungulwa ulwazi lwakhe.

Ukucutshungulwa kuchazwa ngokubanzi ukuhlanganisa noma yiziphi izenzo ezenziwa kulwazi lomuntu siqu, kubandakanya ukuqoqwa, ukugcinwa, ukuguqulwa, ukubuyiselwa, ukubonisana, ukusetshenziswa, ukudalulwa, ukusatshalaliswa, ukuhlanganiswa, umkhawulo, ukwehla, ukususwa, noma ukuqedwa.

Izimo Eziyisishiyagalombili Zokucutshungulwa Okusemthethweni

IPOPIA imisa izimo eziyisishiyagalombili okumele lonke iqembu elinesibopho lihlangatshezwane nazo lapho licutshungula ulwazi lomuntu siqu. Lezi zimo zakha umgogodla womthetho walo Mthetho futhi zisebenza kuwo wonke umsebenzi wokucutshungulwa.

1. Ukuthobela Umthwalo (Isigaba 8)

Iqembu elinesibopho lithwala umthwalo wokugcina ukuhambisana nazo zonke izimo zokucutshungulwa okusemthethweni. Lo mthwalo uyaqhubeka ngisho noma iqembu elinesibopho lidlulisela ulwazi lomuntu siqu kwiqembu lesithathu noma umsebenzisi ukuze lucutshungulwe.

Ukuthobela umthwalo kudinga izinhlangano zisebenzise izinyathelo ezifanele, kuhlanganise izinqubomgomo, izinqubo, nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi yonke imisebenzi yokucutshungula ihambisana nePOPIA. Iqembu elinesibopho kumele likwazi ukukhombisa ukuhambisana uma liphonselwa inselelo yi-Information Regulator noma umuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe.

2. Umkhawulo Wokucutshungulwa (Izigaba 9-12)

Ulwazi lomuntu siqu kumele lucutshungulwe ngokusemthethweni nangendlela engaphuli ubumfihlo bomuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe. Ukucutshungulwa kusemthethweni kuphela uma kuhlangatshezwana nesisodwa sezizathu ezisemthethweni ezisohlwini ku-Isigaba 11.

Isigaba 10 sethula isimiso somkhawulo omncane, esidinga ukuthi ulwazi lomuntu siqu oluqoqiwe lube lulwazi olwanele, oluhlobene, futhi olungeqile mayelana nenhloso yokucutshungula. Izinhlangano azikwazi ukuqoqa ulwazi olungaphezu kwalokho okudingeka ngempela.

Isigaba 11 simisa izisekelo ezisemthethweni zokucutshungulwa, ezihlanganisa imvume yomuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe, ukudingeka kokufeza isivumelwano, ukuhambisana nomthwalo womthetho, ukuvikelwa kwesithakazelo esisemthethweni somuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe, ukwenziwa komsebenzi womthetho womphakathi, kanye nokuphishekelwa kwezithakazelo ezisemthethweni zeqembu elinesibopho noma leqembu lesithathu.

Isigaba 12 sinqumela ukuqoqwa kolwazi lomuntu siqu ngokuqondile kumuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe, kunemikhawulo lapho kuphela ukuqoqwa kusuka kwomunye umthombo kugunyaziwe ngumthetho noma kudingeka ngenhloso esemthethweni.

3. Ukuchazwa Kwenhloso (Izigaba 13-14)

Ulwazi lomuntu siqu kumele luqoqwe ngenhloso ecacile, echaziwe ngokusobala, futhi esemthethweni ehlobene nomsebenzi noma umsebenzi weqembu elinesibopho. Isigaba 13 sivimbela ukuqoqwa kolwazi lomuntu siqu ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile sokwenza kanjalo.

Isigaba 14 sibhekana nokugcinwa kolwazi, sidinga ukuthi ulwazi lomuntu siqu lungagcinwa isikhathi eside ngaphezu kwalokho okudingekile ukufeza inhloso ekwaqoqelwa yona. Uma inhloso isifezekile, ulwazi kumele luqedwe, lisuswe, noma lususwe ulwazi olukhomba umuntu ngaphandle kwalapho ukugcinwa kudingwa umthetho, kudingeka ngokunengqondo ngenhloso esemthethweni, noma kudingwa yisivumelwano phakathi kwamaqembu.

4. Umkhawulo Wokucutshungulwa Okwengeziwe (Isigaba 15)

Ulwazi lomuntu siqu akumele lucutshungulwe ngenhloso engahambisani nenhloso yokuqoqwa yokuqala. Isigaba 15 sinikeza izinto zokuhlola ukuhambisana, kuhlanganise ubudlelwane phakathi kwenhloso yokuqala neyengeziwe, uhlobo lolwazi, imiphumela komuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe, indlela yokuqoqwa, nanoma yimaphi amalungelo noma izibopho zesivumelwano.

5. Ukusebenza Kahle Kolwazi (Isigaba 16)

Amaqembu anesibopho kumele athathe izinyathelo ezinengqondo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi lomuntu siqu luphelele, luyiqiniso, alukhohlisi, futhi lubuyekeziwe uma kudingeka. Lo mthwalo ubheka inhloso okwaqoqelwa ngayo ulwazi noma ezocutshungulwa kabusha ngayo.

6. Ukuvuleka (Isigaba 18)

Lapho eqoqa ulwazi lomuntu siqu, iqembu elinesibopho kumele lithathe izinyathelo ezinengqondo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe uyazi imininingwane ethile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ubunikazi beqembu elinesibopho, inhloso yokuqoqwa, ukuthi ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi kuwukuzenzela noma kuphoqiwe, imiphumela yokwehluleka ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi, noma yimuphi umthetho ogunyaza noma odinga ukuqoqwa, kanye nokuthi iqembu elinesibopho lihlose yini ukudlulisela ulwazi ezweni lesithathu.

7. Izivikelo Zokuphepha (Izigaba 19-22)

Amaqembu anesibopho kumele avikele ukuqotho nemfihlo yolwazi lomuntu siqu ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifanele zobuchwepheshe nezenhlangano. Isigaba 19 sidinga izinhlangano zikhombe zonke izingozi ezingaphakathi nezangaphandle ezingase zibonakale ngokunengqondo, zimise futhi zigcine izivikelo ezifanele, zihlole njalo ukusebenza kahle kwalezo zivikelo, futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi izivikelo ziyabuyekezwa njalo uma kuvela izingozi ezintsha.

Abasebenzisi (abacutshunguli) kumele bamise futhi bagcine izinyathelo zokuphepha ngemvume ebhaliwe yeqembu elinesibopho, bazise iqembu elinesibopho ngokushesha nganoma yikuphi ukwephulwa kokuphepha, futhi baphathe lonke ulwazi lomuntu siqu njengolungasese.

8. Ukubamba Iqhaza Komuntu Oqoqelwe Ulwazi Lwakhe (Izigaba 23-25)

Abantu abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo banelungelo lokucela ukuqinisekiswa ukuthi ngabe iqembu elinesibopho linolwazi lwabo lomuntu siqu, ukufinyelela irekhodi noma incazelo yalolo lwazi, nokucela ukulungiswa, ukuqedwa, noma ukususwa kolwazi olungeyiqiniso, olungahlobene, olweqile, olwaluphelile, olungaphelele, olukhohlisayo, noma olutholwe ngokungekho emthethweni.

Amaqembu anesibopho kumele aphendule izicelo zokufinyelela ngesikhathi esinengqondo, ngendlela enengqondo, ngenkokhelo ehleliwe (uma ikhona), nangendlela eqondakala ngokujwayelekile.

Izisekelo Ezisemthethweni Zokucutshungulwa (Isigaba 11)

Isigaba 11 simisa izisekelo eziyisithupha ezisemthethweni zokucutshungulwa kolwazi lomuntu siqu. Yonke imisebenzi yokucutshungulwa kumele iqiniswe okungenani isisodwa salezi zisekelo.

Imvume. Umuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe unikeze imvume ecacile, yokuzenzela, futhi eyaziswe yokucutshungulwa kolwazi lwakhe lomuntu siqu.

Ukudingeka kwesivumelwano. Ukucutshungulwa kuyadingeka ekufezekiseni isivumelwano umuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe ayingxenye yaso, noma ekuthatheni izinyathelo esicelweni somuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe ngaphambi kokungena esivumelwaneni.

Umthwalo womthetho. Ukucutshungulwa kuyadingeka ukuze kuhambisane nomthwalo womthetho obophezela iqembu elinesibopho.

Izithakazelo eziqavile zomuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe. Ukucutshungulwa kuyadingeka ukuze kuvikelwe izithakazelo ezisemthethweni zomuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe.

Umthwalo womthetho womphakathi. Ukucutshungulwa kuyadingeka ekwenzeni umsebenzi womthetho womphakathi ombuso womphakathi.

Izithakazelo ezisemthethweni. Ukucutshungulwa kuyadingeka ekuphishekeleni izithakazelo ezisemthethweni zeqembu elinesibopho noma leqembu lesithathu, uma nje lezo zithakazelo ezisemthethweni zingedluli izithakazelo zobumfihlo zomuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe.

Imvume ngaphansi kwePOPIA kumele inikezwe ngokukhululekile, icacile, yaziswe, futhi ingabi nokungabaza. Amabhokisi asevele ehloliwe nezivumelwano ezihlanganisiwe ezifihlwe emigomweni emide azihlangabezani nesimo esidingekayo.

Amalungelo Omuntu Oqoqelwe Ulwazi Lwakhe Ngaphansi kwePOPIA

IPOPIA inikeza amalungelo abanzi kubantu abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo angaphezu kwezimo eziyisishiyagalombili zokucutshungulwa okusemthethweni.

Ilungelo Lokwaziswa

Abantu abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo banelungelo lokwaziswa lapho ulwazi lwabo lomuntu siqu luqoqwa (Isigaba 18) nalapho kuvela ukwephulwa kokuphepha okungase kubathinte (Isigaba 22).

Ilungelo Lokufinyelela

Umuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe onikeza ubufakazi obanele bobunikazi angacela ukuqinisekiswa ukuthi iqembu elinesibopho linolwazi lwakhe lomuntu siqu futhi angacela ukufinyelela kulolo lwazi ngaphansi kweSigaba 23.

Ilungelo Lokulungiswa Nokususwa

Abantu abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo bangacela ukuthi ulwazi lwabo lomuntu siqu lulungiswe uma lungelona iqiniso, lungahlobene, lweqile, laluphelile, lungaphelele, noma lukhohlisayo. Bangacela nokususwa uma iqembu elinesibopho lingasagunyaziwe ukuligcina. Ngaphansi kweMithethonqubo echitshiyelwe yango-2025, amaqembu anesibopho kumele azise abantu abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo ngokubhalwe phansi ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-30 zesinyathelo esithathiwe kuleso sicelo.

Ilungelo Lokuphikisa Ukucutshungulwa

Ngaphansi kweSigaba 11(3), umuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe angaphikisa ukucutshungulwa kolwazi lwakhe lomuntu siqu ngezizathu ezinengqondo ezihlobene nesimo sakhe esithile, ngaphandle uma ukucutshungulwa kugunyazwa umthetho. Uma ukuphikisa kunesizathu, iqembu elinesibopho kumele liyeke ukucutshungula. Imithethonqubo echitshiyelwe yango-2025 ivumela ukuphikisa kuthunyelwe ngesandla, nge-fax, nge-posi, nge-imeyili, nge-SMS, noma nge-WhatsApp, futhi ukuphikisa ngocingo kumele kurekhodwe futhi kutholakale kumuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe mahhala uma ecela.

Ilungelo Lokuphikisa Ukukhangisa Okuqondile

Isigaba 69 sivimbela ukukhangisa okuqondile ngokungacelwanga ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana kagesi ngaphandle uma umuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe enikeze imvume yokuvuma ngaphambi. IPOPIA yathathela indawo isimo esidala sokuzikhipha (opt-out) ngesidingo esiqinile sokuvuma ngaphambi (opt-in). Abantu abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo banelungelo lokuzikhipha ekukhangiseni okuqondile noma nini, futhi amaqembu anesibopho kumele ahlinzeke ngendlela efinyeleleka kalula yokwenza kanjalo.

Ilungelo Mayelana Nokuthathwa Kwezinqumo Okuzenzakalelayo

Isigaba 71 sinikeza ukuthi umuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe angafakwa esinqumweni esidala imiphumela yomthetho noma esithinta kakhulu uma leso sinqumo sisekelwe kuphela ekucutshungulweni okuzenzakalelayo okuhloswe ukudala uphawu lomuntu. Imikhawulo iyasebenza lapho isinqumo senziwa ngokuhlobene nesivumelwano, lapho izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvikela zikhona, noma lapho isinqumo silawulwa umthetho noma isiqondiso semikhuba.

Ulwazi Olukhethekile Lomuntu Siqu Nolwazi Lwezingane

IPOPIA ibeka izivikelo eziphakeme ezinye izigaba zolwazi olubucayi.

Ulwazi Olukhethekile Lomuntu Siqu (Izigaba 26-33)

Ukucutshungulwa kolwazi olukhethekile lomuntu siqu kwaliwe ngokuvamile ngaphansi kweSigaba 26 ngaphandle uma izinto ezikhethekile ngaphansi kweziGaba 27 kuya ku-33 zisebenza. Ulwazi olukhethekile lomuntu siqu luhlanganisa izinkolelo zenkolo noma zefilosofi, uhlanga noma umsuka wobuzwe, ubulungu benyunyana yezisebenzi, imibono yezombusazwe, impilo noma impilo yezocansi, ulwazi lwe-biometric, kanye nokuziphatha kobugebengu.

Ukucutshungulwa okusemthethweni kolwazi olukhethekile lomuntu siqu kudinga imvume ecacile yomuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe, ukucutshungulwa okudingekile ukumisa isimangalo somthetho, ukucutshungulwa okudingwa umthetho, noma ukucutshungulwa ngenhloso yomlando, izibalo, noma ucwaningo lapho kunezivikelo ezifanele.

Ulwazi Lomuntu Siqu Lwezingane (Izigaba 34-35)

IPOPIA ichaza ingane njengonoma yimuphi umuntu ongaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18 ongenamandla omthetho. Ukucutshungulwa kolwazi lomuntu siqu lwengane kwaliwe ngaphansi kweSigaba 34 ngaphandle uma umuntu onamandla omthetho (umzali noma umgcini) evumile, ukucutshungulwa kudingekile ukuze kuhambisane nomthwalo womthetho, noma i-Information Regulator inikeze igunya.

Izidingo Zesaziso Sokwephulwa (Isigaba 22)

IPOPIA idinga isaziso esisheshayo lapho kwenzeka ukwephulwa kokuphepha.

Isibonelo Sokuqala Isaziso

Lapho kunezizathu ezinengqondo zokukholelwa ukuthi ulwazi lomuntu siqu lomuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe lufinyelelwe noma lutholwe umuntu ongagunyaziwe, iqembu elinesibopho kumele lazise kokubili i-Information Regulator nomuntu othintekile oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe.

Isikhathi

Isigaba 22 sidinga isaziso "ngokushesha okunengqondo" ngemuva kokutholakala kokwephulwa. Nakuba lo Mthetho ungabeki isikhathi esithile somthetho, iNothi Yesiqondiso ye-Information Regulator Mayelana Nokwephulwa Kokuphepha ibeka ukulindela isaziso ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-72.

I-eServices Portal Edingekayo (Kusukela ngoEphreli 1, 2025)

Kusukela ngoEphreli 1, 2025, wonke amabhodi omphakathi nawangasese kumele athumele izaziso zokwephulwa kolwazi nge-eServices Portal ye-Information Regulator. Ukuthunyelwa nge-imeyili akusamukelekile. I-portal yethulwa ukuze kuhlelekiswe izinga lokubika futhi kuthuthukiswe amandla e-Regulator okuqapha nokusabela ezigamekweni zokuphepha.

Onyakeni wezimali wango-2024-2025, izigameko zokwephulwa kokuphepha ezingu-2,374 zabikwa ku-Regulator, i-avareji engu-198 ngenyanga. Kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka wezimali wango-2025-2026 kuze kube ekuqaleni kuka-2026, ukwephulwa okungu-1,947 kwabikwa i-avareji engu-284 ngenyanga, ukwanda okungamaphesenti angu-40 uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo unyaka odlule.

Okuqukethwe Okudingekile Kwesaziso

Isaziso kubantu abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo kumele sihlanganise incazelo yemiphumela engaba khona yokwephulwa kokuphepha, incazelo yezinyathelo iqembu elinesibopho elihlose ukuzithatha noma eselizithathile ukubhekana nokwephulwa, kanye nesincomo mayelana nezinyathelo umuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe angazithatha ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi engaba khona.

Ukubambezelwa Okuvunyelwe

Isaziso somuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe singabambezeleka kuphela uma umbuso wokuqinisa umthetho noma i-Information Regulator inquma ukuthi isaziso singaphazamisa uphenyo lobugebengu oluqhubekayo.

I-Information Regulator: Isakhiwo Namandla

I-Information Regulator ingumbuso ozimele omiswe ngaphansi kweSigaba 39 sePOPIA. Ilawulwa kuphela uMthethosisekelo nomthetho osebenzayo futhi ibikela iNational Assembly. I-Regulator inesibopho sokuqinisa kokubili iPOPIA ne-PAIA.

Isakhiwo

I-Information Regulator ihlanganisa uSihlalo namalungu amane asebenza sikhathi esigcwele aqokwa uMengameli ngokuncoma kweNational Assembly. Amalungu asebenza izikhathi zeminyaka emihlanu futhi angaphinda aqokwe kanye.

Amandla E-Regulator

I-Information Regulator inamandla amakhulu okuqinisa umthetho, kubandakanya igunya lokwenza uhlolo nophenyo, ukukhipha izaziso zokuqinisa umthetho ezidinga ukuhambisana ngaphakathi kwezikhathi ezibekiwe, ukukhipha izaziso zokwephulwa ezibeka izinhlawulo zokuphathwa kwezinto, ukuqala noma ukungenelela ezinqubweni zomthetho, kanye nokudlulisela izindaba ukuze zishushiswe njengobugebengu.

I-Regulator ingakhipha futhi imikhuba yesigaba esithile, yenze uphenyo ezisungulele lona, futhi ingene ezivumelwaneni nemibuso yamanye amazwe yokuvikela ulwazi ukuze kwabelane ngolwazi nokusizana.

Ukubhaliswa Kwezikhulu Zolwazi

Yonke inhlangano kumele iqoke Isikhulu Solwazi futhi ibhalise naso ne-Information Regulator nge-eServices Portal ngaphambi kokuqala imisebenzi, njengoba kudingwa yiSigaba 55(2). Izinhlangano zingaqoka futhi esisodwa noma amaSekela Sikhulu Solwazi amaningi ukuze basize emithwalweni yokuhambisana.

Nakuba azikho izimfanelo ezisemthethweni ezidingwe ngumthetho, i-Regulator ilindele abaqokiwe ukuthi babe nokuqonda okunengqondo ngePOPIA nemisebenzi yebhizinisi lenhlangano. Lapho kungekho ukuqokwa okuhlukile kweSikhulu Solwazi, inhloko yenhlangano ngokuzenzakalela ithwala leyo ndima.

Ngaphansi kweMithethonqubo echitshiyelwe yango-2025, isidingo sangaphambili sokuthi izikhulu zolwazi zilungiselele i-PAIA Manual sasuswa, sancishisa umsebenzi wamaphepha wokuhambisana kodwa sishiya izibopho eziyisisekelo ze-PAIA zingaphathwanga.

Ukudluliselwa Kolwazi Okuwela Imingcele (Isigaba 72)

Isigaba 72 sinqumela ukudluliselwa kolwazi lomuntu siqu ngaphandle koMbuso WaseNingizimu Afrika.

Isidingo Sokwanela

Indlela eyinhloko yokudluliselwa okuwela imingcele isimiso sokwanela. Umuntu okwamukelayo ezweni lakwamanye amazwe kumele abe ngaphansi komthetho, imithetho egciniwe yezinkampani, noma isivumelwano esibophezelayo esihlinzeka ngezinga elanele lokuvikelwa okufana ngokusobala nezimo zePOPIA zokucutshungulwa okusemthethweni.

Inselelo enkulu yokwenza iwukuthi iPOPIA ayichazi ukuthi yimaphi amazwe ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okwanele, futhi ayimisi indlela esemthethweni yokuqaphela ukwanela efana nezinqumo ze-adequacy ze-EU. Umthwalo uwela kuleliphi neleliphi iqembu elinesibopho ukuhlola ukwanela kohlaka lokuvikelwa kolwazi lwezwe lakwamanye amazwe futhi kubhale phansi lolo hlolo.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokudluliselwa

Isigaba 72 siqaphela izisekelo ezine ezisemthethweni zokudluliselwa okuwela imingcele.

Ukwanela. Izwe elikwamukelayo linemithetho, imithetho egciniwe yezinkampani, noma izivikelo zesivumelwano ezihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okufana ngokusobala nePOPIA.

Imvume. Umuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe unikeze imvume ecacile yokudluliselwa okuphakanyisiwe ngemuva kokwaziswa ngezingozi ezingaba khona.

Ukudingeka kwesivumelwano. Ukudluliselwa kuyadingeka ekufezekiseni noma ekuphetheni isivumelwano phakathi komuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe neqembu elinesibopho, noma isivumelwano phakathi kweqembu elinesibopho neqembu lesithathu ngesithakazelo somuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe.

Isithakazelo somuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe. Ukudluliselwa kuwuzuzo lomuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe futhi akulula ngokunengqondo ukuthola imvume.

Inkinga Yomuntu Ozimele Ngokomthetho

Inselelo ehlukile ekudluliselweni okuwela imingcele kusuka eNingizimu Afrika ukuhlanganiswa kwePOPIA kwabantu abazimele ngokomthetho. Izimiso ezijwayelekile zesivumelwano ezakhelwe ukuhambisana ne-GDPR zivamise ukubhalwa ukuze zivikele kuphela abantu ngokwemvelo. Izinhlangano zaseYurophu kwesinye isikhathi zenqabile ukuchibiyela lezi zibonelo ukuze zelule ukuvikela kubantu abazimele ngokomthetho, okudala igebe ezindleleni zokudluliselwa okuwela imingcele kwezinhlangano abantu bazo abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo abahlanganisa izinkampani noma amatrasti.

Ulwazi Olukhethekile Nolwazi Lwezingane

Izinhlangano ezihlose ukudlulisela ulwazi olukhethekile lomuntu siqu noma ulwazi lwezingane emazweni angenakho ukuvikelwa okwanele kumele zithole igunya lakuqala kusuka ku-Information Regulator ngaphambi kokuba ukudluliselwa kuqhubeke.

Izijeziso Namacala Obugebengu

IPOPIA ibeka kokubili izinhlawulo zokuphathwa kwezinto nezobugebengu ngokungahambisani.

Izinhlawulo Zokuphathwa Kwezinto

I-Information Regulator ingabeka izinhlawulo zokuphathwa kwezinto ezifinyelela ku-ZAR 10 million (cishe ama-USD 550,000 kusukela ngo-2025) nge-izaziso zokwephulwa. Lezi zinhlawulo zingakhishwa lapho inhlangano yehluleka ukuhambisana nesaziso sokuqinisa umthetho ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esibekiwe.

Ngaphansi kweMithethonqubo echitshiyelwe yango-2025, izinhlangano manje zingafaka isicelo sokukhokha izinhlawulo zokuphathwa kwezinto ngezingxenyana ngokusekelwe ezimeni zezimali nezizathu ezinengqondo, esikhundleni senkokhelo eyodwa.

Izijeziso Zobugebengu (Izigaba 100-107)

IPOPIA idala amacala amaningi obugebengu, isici esihlukanisa kule mithetho eminingi yokuvikela ulwazi kubandakanya i-GDPR.

Amacala amakhulu (Isigaba 107(1)(a)) athwala izijeziso zenhlawulo noma ukuvalelwa ejele okufinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10, noma kokubili. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuphazamisa i-Information Regulator (Isigaba 100), ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nesaziso sokuqinisa umthetho (Isigaba 103(1)), izenzo ezingekho emthethweni zamaqembu anesibopho ehlobene nezinombolo zamakhawunti (Isigaba 105), nokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe noma ukuguqulwa kwamarekhodi olwazi lomuntu siqu (Isigaba 106).

Amacala amancane (Isigaba 107(1)(b)) athwala izijeziso zenhlawulo noma ukuvalelwa ejele okufinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-12, noma kokubili. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nezidingo zenqubo nokuphazamisa ofakazi.

Izinyathelo Ezibalulekile Zokuqinisa Umthetho

I-Information Regulator isebenzise ngokwandayo amandla ayo okuqinisa umthetho kusukela iPOPIA yaqala ukusetshenziswa ngokugcwele ngo-2021.

Umnyango Wezobulungiswa Nokuthuthukiswa Komthethosisekelo (2023)

NgoMeyi 2023, i-Information Regulator yakhipha isaziso sokuqinisa umthetho kumnyango Wezobulungiswa Nokuthuthukiswa Komthethosisekelo ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yi-ransomware ngoSepthemba 2021 okwaphazamisa ulwazi lomuntu siqu olugcinwe umnyango. Uphenyo lwathola ukuthi umnyango wawehlulekile ukuvuselela amalayisensi wesoftware yawo yokuvikela igciwane, isistimu yolwazi lokuphepha nomcimbi, kanye nezixazululo zokubona ukungena okungagunyaziwe, amanye amalayisensi ephelelwa amandla ngo-2020.

Lapho umnyango wehluleka ukuhambisana nesaziso sokuqinisa umthetho ngaphakathi kwesikhathi sezinsuku eziyi-31, i-Regulator yakhipha isaziso sokwephulwa esiyi-ZAR 5 million ngoJulayi 3, 2023. Lesi kwaba isijeziso sokuqala esikhulu esisemthethweni sokuphathwa kwezinto esakhishwa ngaphansi kwePOPIA. Umnyango waphonsela inselelo zombili izaziso enkantolo, lapho indaba yayisalindile ngosuku lwalo mhlahlandlela.

Umnyango Wemfundo Eyisisekelo (2024)

I-Information Regulator yayala uMnyango Wemfundo Eyisisekelo ukuthi ungashiceli imiphumela yamabanga aphakeme emaphephandabeni, ngesizathu sokuthi lokhu kwakuwukucutshungulwa okungekho emthethweni kolwazi lomuntu siqu lwabafundi. Lapho umnyango wehluleka ukuhambisana, i-Regulator yakhipha isaziso sokuqinisa umthetho olalandelwa uzinhlawulo yokuphathwa kwezinto eyiZAR 5 million. Le ndaba isezinkantolo.

UMasipala Wasekhaya WaseBlouberg (2025)

I-Information Regulator yakhipha inhlawulo yokuphathwa kwezinto engu-ZAR 500,000 kuMasipala Wasekhaya WaseBlouberg ngokuveza obala ulwazi lomuntu siqu lwesisebenzi esasingasekho ku-inthanethi nokwehluleka ukulungisa lokho kuvezwa ngemuva kokuyalwa ukwenza kanjalo. Umasipala emva kwalokho wehluleka ukukhokha inhlawulo, okwabangela i-Regulator ukuthi iqale izinqubo zenkantolo zokuqinisa umthetho.

I-Lancet Laboratories (2025)

I-Lancet Laboratories yahlawuliswa i-ZAR 100,000 ngemuva kokuba i-Regulator ikhiphe isexwayiso esisemthethweni mayelana nokwephulwa kokuphepha okuningi futhi ilabhoni yehluleka ukwazisa abantu abathintekile ngesikhathi esinengqondo njengoba kudingwa yiSigaba 22.

I-FT Rams Consulting (2024-2025)

I-FT Rams Consulting yahlawuliswa i-ZAR 100,000 ngokuthumela ukukhangisa okuqondile okungacelwanga nangokwehluleka ukuhambisana nesaziso sokuqinisa umthetho. I-Regulator yaqala izinqubo zenkantolo ngemuva kokuba inhlawulo ihlale ingakhokhwa.

I-WhatsApp LLC (Meta) (2024-2025)

Ngemuva kophenyo lweminyaka eminingi, i-Information Regulator yakhipha isaziso sokuqinisa umthetho kwi-WhatsApp ngoSepthemba 2024, esamenyezelwa obala ngoEphreli 2025. Uphenyo lwathola ukuthi i-WhatsApp yasebenzisa izinqubomgomo zobumfihlo ezahlukene nemigomo yesevisi kubasebenzisi baseNingizimu Afrika uma kuqhathaniswa nabasebenzisi baseYurophu, abasebenzisi baseYurophu bethola izivikelo eziqinile kakhudlwana.

I-Regulator yakhomba ukwephulwa kwezigaba eziningi zePOPIA kuhlanganise ukuthobela umthwalo (Isigaba 8), umkhawulo wokucutshungulwa (Isigaba 9), imvume (Isigaba 11), ukuchazwa kwenhloso (Isigaba 13), nomkhawulo wokucutshungulwa okwengeziwe (Isigaba 15). Le ndaba yaxazululwa ngesivumelwano lapho i-WhatsApp yavuma ukuthuthukisa ukusobala kolwazi olunikezwa abasebenzisi baseNingizimu Afrika. Isivumelwano sizokwenziwa umyalelo wenkantolo.

I-Independent Electoral Commission (2024)

I-Regulator yakhipha isaziso sokuqinisa umthetho ku-Independent Electoral Commission ngemuva kokuba izinhlu zokuqokwa kwabaqokwa be-ANC ne-MK zavuza ngaphambi kokhetho lukazwelonke nolwesifunda lukaMeyi 2024. Uphenyo lwathola izinyathelo ezingafaneleki zokulawula ukungena nokwehluleka ukwazisa abantu abathintekile njengoba kudingwa yiSigaba 22.

I-South African Police Service (2023)

I-Regulator yathatha isinyathelo ngokumelene ne-South African Police Service ngemuva kokuba amaphoyisa esabelane ngolwazi lomuntu siqu lwezisulu zokudlwengulwa kweqembu, kubandakanya amagama, iminyaka, izindawo zamakhaya, nezinombolo zobunikazi, eqenjini le-WhatsApp lezithengi.

I-Dis-Chem Pharmacies (2024)

Ekuqaleni kuka-2024, i-Regulator yakhipha isaziso sokuqinisa umthetho ku-Dis-Chem Pharmacies ngemuva kokwephulwa kokuphepha okwaveza ulwazi lomuntu siqu lwamakhasimende, kudinga izinyathelo ezithile zokulungisa.

Izichibiyelo ZeMithethonqubo YePOPIA Zango-2025 (GN 6126)

NgoEphreli 17, 2025, i-Information Regulator yashicilela izichibiyelo ezibalulekile kuMithethonqubo yePOPIA ngaphansi kweSaziso Sikahulumeni GN 6126 ka-2025. Lezi zichibiyelo zaqala ukusebenza ngokushesha lapho zishicilelwa.

Okushintshile

Umthethonqubo 1 (Izincazelo). Kwengezwa izincazelo ezintsha zamagama athi "ofaka isikhalazo," "isikhalazo," "usuku," "amahora omsebenzi," ne-"okubhaliwe" (ehambisana ne-Electronic Communications and Transactions Act), okuletha ukucaca okwengeziwe kuMithethonqubo.

Umthethonqubo 2 (Ukuphikisa Ukucutshungulwa). Izichibiyelo zango-2025 zasusa isidingo sokusebenzisa ifomu ethile ebhaliwe yokufaka izikhalazo. Abantu abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo manje bangafaka ukuphikisa ngesandla, nge-fax, nge-posi, nge-imeyili, nge-SMS, nge-WhatsApp, noma ngayo yonke enye indlela efanele. Ukuphikisa ngocingo kuyavuma uma iqembu elinesibopho lirekhoda ucingo futhi litholakalise irekhodi kumuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe mahhala uma ecela. Amaqembu anesibopho manje adingwa ukuthi azise abantu abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo ngelungelo labo lokuphikisa ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kolwazi.

Umthethonqubo 3 (Ukulungiswa Nokususwa). Izicelo zokulungiswa, ukuqedwa, noma ukususwa kumele zamukelwe mahhala ngezindlela ezifanayo ezandisiwe njengoba kuqhutshwa nokuphikisa. Amaqembu anesibopho kumele azise umuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe ngokubhalwe phansi ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-30 zomphumela wesicelo.

Umthethonqubo 4 (Imithwalo Yezikhulu Zolwazi). Isidingo sokuthi izikhulu zolwazi zilungiselele i-PAIA Manual sasuswa. Izikhulu zolwazi kumele ziqhubeke nokwakha nokugcina izinhlaka zangaphakathi zokuhambisana namarejista.

Umthethonqubo 6 (Imvume Yokukhangisa Okuqondile). Imvume yokukhangisa okuqondile kumele icace futhi irekhodwe, itholakale nge-fax, ngocingo, nge-imeyili, nge-SMS, nge-WhatsApp, noma ngezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo. Izichibiyelo zacacisa ukuthi indlela yokuzikhipha (opt-out) yodwa ayisiyona imvume evumelekile yokuxhumana kagesi okungacelwanga ngaphansi kweSigaba 69(2).

Umthethonqubo 7 (Izinqubo Zezikhalazo). Isikhundla sokufaka izikhalazo sandiswa ukuze sifake amaqembu ezinhlangothi zesithathu enza ngenxa yesithakazelo somphakathi. I-Information Regulator kumele iqinisekise izikhalazo futhi inikeze inombolo yereferensi ngaphakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-14. Usizo kumele lutholakale ngezinye izilimi ngale kwesiNgisi. Ubunikazi bofaka isikhalazo bungavikelwa lapho ukudalulwa kungabangela izibopho ngaphansi koMthetho i-Protected Disclosures Act.

Umthethonqubo 13 (Izinhlawulo Zokuphathwa Kwezinto). Umthethonqubo omusha uvumela amaqembu anesibopho ukufaka isicelo sokukhokha izinhlawulo zokuphathwa kwezinto ngezingxenyana ngokusekelwe ezimeni zezimali nezizathu ezinengqondo ezethulwa ku-Regulator.

Imithetho Yokukhangisa Okuqondile Ngaphansi kwePOPIA

Isigaba 69 sibeka imithetho eqinile yokukhangisa okuqondile kagesi ethinta wonke ibhizinisi elixhumana namakhasimende aseNingizimu Afrika.

Ukukhangisa okuqondile ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana kagesi okungacelwanga, kuhlanganise i-imeyili, i-SMS, i-fax, izingcingo ezizenzakalelayo, nezingcingo, kwaliwe ngaphandle uma umuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe enikeze imvume yokuvuma ngaphambi noma eyikhasimende elikhona leqembu elinesibopho.

Kumakhasimende akhona, iqembu elinesibopho lingakhangisa imikhiqizo noma izinsiza ezifanayo ngaphandle kwemvume entsha, uma nje ikhasimende linikezwe ithuba elinengqondo lokuphikisa lapho ulwazi lwalo luqoqwa okokuqala nakuzo zonke ukuxhumana okulandelayo.

Yonke ukuxhumana kokukhangisa kumele kukhombise ngokusobala umthumeli futhi kuhlinzeke ngendlela efinyeleleka kalula yokuzikhipha. Isicelo somuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe sokuzikhipha kumele sihlonishwe mahhala.

NgoDisemba 2024, i-Information Regulator yashicilela iNothi Yesiqondiso Yokukhangisa Okuqondile eqinisekisa ukuthi izingcingo ziwela ngaphansi kwencazelo ye-"ukuxhumana kagesi" ngaphansi kwePOPIA, ivala igebe elalisetshenziswa ezinye izinhlangano ukuqhuba imikhankaso yokukhangisa ngocingo ngaphandle kokuthola imvume yokuvuma ngaphambi.

IPOPIA Ne-GDPR: Umehluko Oyinhloko

Izinhlangano ezisebenza kokubili eNingizimu Afrika naseYurophu kudingeka ziqonde ukuthi iPOPIA ihlukile kanjani ku-GDPR.

Ububanzi bokuvikelwa. IPOPIA ihlanganisa bobabili abantu ngokwemvelo nabantu abazimele ngokomthetho (izinkampani namatrasti). I-GDPR ivikela kuphela abantu ngokwemvelo.

Ukuthuthelwa kolwazi. I-GDPR inikeza abantu abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo ilungelo lokuthuthela ulwazi. IPOPIA ayifaki leli lungelo.

Isikhathi sesaziso sokwephulwa. I-GDPR idinga isaziso somqaphi ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-72. IPOPIA idinga isaziso "ngokushesha okunengqondo" ngaphandle kwesikhathi esithile somthetho, nakuba i-Regulator isebenzisa isiqondiso samahora angu-72.

Izidingo zesikhulu solwazi. Ngaphansi kwePOPIA, zonke izinhlangano kumele ziqoke Isikhulu Solwazi kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu noma inani lokucutshungulwa. I-GDPR idinga Isikhulu Sokuvikelwa Kolwazi kuphela ezinhlanganweni ezithile ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni nasezingeni lokucutshungulwa.

Izijeziso. Inhlawulo ephakeme yokuphathwa kwezinto yePOPIA i-ZAR 10 million (cishe ama-USD 550,000), ephansi kakhulu kunephakeme ye-GDPR ye-EUR 20 million noma amaphesenti angu-4 ethelawulo lomhlaba wonke yonyaka. Nokho, iPOPIA ivumela ngokungajwayelekile ukuvalelwa ejele obugebengu okufinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10, isijeziso i-GDPR engasibeki.

Ukukhangisa okuqondile. IPOPIA idinga imvume yokuvuma ngaphambi kukho konke ukuxhumana kagesi okungacelwanga. I-GDPR ivumela ukukhangisa okuqondile kumakhasimende akhona ngaphansi kwesisekelo sesithakazelo esisemthethweni ezimeni ezithile.

Uhlaka lokwanela. I-EU igcina uhlu olusemthethweni lwamazwe anokuvikelwa kolwazi okwanele. IPOPIA alunalo uhlu olunjalo; iqembu ngalinye elinesibopho lenza uhlolo lwalo lokwanela lokudluliselwa kweSigaba 72.

Uhlu Lokuhlola Ukuhambisana Kwamabhizinisi

Izinhlangano eziphansi kwePOPIA kufanele zibhekane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo. Lezi zinyathelo zibonisa izibopho ngaphansi kwalo Mthetho kanye neMithethonqubo echitshiyelwe yango-2025.

Qoka futhi ubhalise Isikhulu Solwazi. Khomba Isikhulu Solwazi noma yiziphi amaSekela Sikhulu Solwazi ubabhalise nge-eServices Portal ye-Information Regulator ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa kuqala. Inhloko yenhlangano ngokuzenzakalela ithwala leyo ndima uma kungekho ukuqokwa okuhlukile okwenziwe.

Yenza uhlu lolwazi. Dweba yonke ulwazi lomuntu siqu inhlangano ekuqoqayo, ekucutshungulwayo, ekugcinayo, futhi eyabelana ngalo. Khomba isisekelo esisemthethweni ngaphansi kweSigaba 11 komsebenzi ngamunye wokucutshungula.

Buyekeza izaziso zobumfihlo. Qinisekisa ukuthi izinqubomgomo zobumfihlo nezaziso zokuqoqa zihambisana nezidingo zokuvuleka zeSigaba 18, kubandakanya ukudalulwa kobunikazi beqembu elinesibopho, inhloso yokuqoqwa, nanoma yikuphi ukudluliselwa okuwela imingcele okuhlosiwe.

Sebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha. Yenza uhlolo lwengozi, sebenzisa izivikelo ezifanele zobuchwepheshe nezenhlangano, futhi uhlole njalo ukusebenza kahle kwazo ngaphansi kweziGaba 19-22.

Misa izinqubo zokusabela ekwephulweni. Yakha futhi uhlole uhlelo lokusabela ezigamekweni oluvumela isaziso nge-eServices Portal ngokushesha okunengqondo ngemuva kokutholakala kokwephulwa kokuphepha.

Yandisa izindlela zezicelo zabantu abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo. Ngemuva kwezichibiyelo zango-2025, buyekeza izinqubo zokwamukela izicelo ukuze zamukele ukuphikisa, izicelo zokulungiswa, nezicelo zokususwa nge-imeyili, i-SMS, ne-WhatsApp ngaphezu kwamafomu abhaliwe ajwayelekile.

Buyekeza ukudluliselwa okuwela imingcele. Kukho konke ukudluliselwa ngaphansi kweSigaba 72, bhala phansi uhlolo lokwanela noma enye indlela yokudluliselwa, ubheke igebe lomuntu ozimele ngokomthetho eziziphonelweni ezijwayelekile zesivumelwano.

Phatha ubudlelwane babasebenzisi. Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izivumelwano zomsebenzisi (umcutshunguli) zifaka imigomo yokucutshungula edatha ehambisana nePOPIA edinga abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenzise izinyathelo zokuphepha futhi bazise iqembu elinesibopho ngokushesha ngokwephulwa kokuphepha.

Nika amandla amalungelo abantu abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo. Sebenzisa izinqubo zokuphendula izicelo zokufinyelela, ukulungiswa, ukususwa, nokuphikisa. Ngaphansi kwezichibiyelo zango-2025, imiphumela yokulungiswa nokususwa kumele ixhunyaniswe ngokubhalwe phansi ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-30.

Buyekeza imikhuba yokukhangisa okuqondile. Qinisekisa ukuthi konke ukuxhumana kagesi kubandakanywa yimvume evumelekile yokuvuma ngaphambi noma kuwela ngaphansi komehluko wekhasimende elikhona. Qinisekisa ukuthi izindlela zokuzikhipha zimahhala, zifinyeleleka, futhi ziyahlonishwa.

Kubantu BaseNingizimu Afrika Osekuphathwe Kabi Ulwazi Lwabo

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi inhlangano yephule amalungelo akho ngaphansi kwePOPIA, ungafaka isikhalazo ngqo ku-Information Regulator nge-eServices Portal noma ngokuvakashela elinye lamahhovisi e-Regulator. Ngaphansi kweMithethonqubo echitshiyelwe yango-2025, i-Regulator kumele iqinisekise isikhalazo sakho futhi inikeze inombolo yereferensi ngaphakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-14. Amaqembu ezinhlangothi zesithathu enza ngenxa yesithakazelo somphakathi angafaka nawo izikhalazo egameni labantu abathintekile.

Uma ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu lube yingxenye yokwephulwa kokuphepha, iqembu elinesibopho lidingwa ukukwazisa ngokushesha okunengqondo futhi kumele lifake isiqondiso ngezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuzivikela.

Ngolwazi mayelana nokuthi imithetho yokurekhoda nokuqapha ihlangana kanjani nokuvikelwa kolwazi eNingizimu Afrika, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu wemithetho yokurekhoda yaseNingizimu Afrika.

Frequently Asked Questions

Iyini iPOPIA futhi yaqala nini ukusebenza ngokugcwele eNingizimu Afrika?

UMthetho i-Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA), i-Act 4 ka-2013, ungumthetho waseNingizimu Afrika ophelele wokuvikela ulwazi onikeza amandla omthetho elungelweni lomthethosisekelo lobumfihlo eliseSigabeni 14 soMthethosisekelo. IPhalamende lavuma lo Mthetho ngoNovemba 19, 2013. Izigaba eziyinhloko zaqala ukusebenza ngoJulayi 1, 2020, kunesikhathi sokuhambisana esiyizinyanga eziyi-12. Ukusetshenziswa ngokugcwele kwaqala ngoJulayi 1, 2021. Lo Mthetho uphathwa futhi uqinisiwe yi-Information Regulator, umbuso ozimele omiswe ngaphansi kweSigaba 39 sePOPIA.

Yiziphi izimo eziyisishiyagalombili zokucutshungulwa okusemthethweni ngaphansi kwePOPIA?

Izimo eziyisishiyagalombili zePOPIA okumele zihlangatshezwane nazo yiwo wonke amaqembu anesibopho yilezi: (1) Ukuthobela Umthwalo, okudinga inhlangano ikhombise ukuhambisana; (2) Umkhawulo Wokucutshungulwa, okudinga isisekelo esisemthethweni sokucutshungulwa; (3) Ukuchazwa Kwenhloso, okudinga inhloso yokuqoqa ecacile, echaziwe, nesemthethweni; (4) Umkhawulo Wokucutshungulwa Okwengeziwe, owalela ukusetshenziswa okungahambisani nenhloso yokuqala; (5) Ukusebenza Kahle Kolwazi, okudinga ulwazi oluyiqiniso nolubuyekeziwe; (6) Ukuvuleka, okudinga ukudalulwa kubantu abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa; (7) Izivikelo Zokuphepha, okudinga izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe nezenhlangano zokuvikela; kanye (8) Ukubamba Iqhaza Komuntu Oqoqelwe Ulwazi Lwakhe, okudinga amalungelo afinyeleleka kalula okufinyelela, ukulungiswa, nokususwa.

Yiziphi izijeziso izinhlangano ezingase zibhekane nazo ngokwephula iPOPIA?

IPOPIA ibeka kokubili izinhlawulo zokuphathwa kwezinto nezobugebengu. I-Information Regulator ingakhipha izinhlawulo zokuphathwa kwezinto ezifinyelela ku-ZAR 10 million (cishe ama-USD 550,000). Ngaphansi kwemithethonqubo echitshiyelwe yango-2025, izinhlawulo zingase zikhokhwe ngezingxenyana. Kumacala amakhulu obugebengu njengokuphazamisa i-Regulator noma ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nesaziso sokuqinisa umthetho, abantu babhekana nokuvalelwa ejele okufinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10, inhlawulo, noma kokubili. Amacala amancane athwala ukuvalelwa ejele okufinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-12. Ngokungafani ne-GDPR, iPOPIA ifaka ngokungajwayelekile ukuvalelwa ejele njengesijeziso.

Zisheshiswa kanjani izinhlangano ukubika ukwephulwa kolwazi ngaphansi kwePOPIA?

Isigaba 22 sePOPIA sidinga isaziso ku-Information Regulator nakubantu abathintekile ngokushesha okunengqondo ngemuva kokutholakala kokwephulwa kokuphepha. Lo Mthetho awuchazi isikhathi esithile somthetho, kodwa i-Information Regulator ilindele isaziso ngamahora angu-72 njengesiqondiso. Kusukela ngoEphreli 1, 2025, zonke izaziso zokwephulwa kumele zithunyelwe nge-eServices Portal edingekayo ye-Information Regulator ku-eservices.inforegulator.org.za. Ukuthunyelwa nge-imeyili akusamukelekile.

Ngabe izinhlangano zingakwazi ukudlulisela ulwazi lomuntu siqu ngaphandle kweNingizimu Afrika ngaphansi kwePOPIA?

Yebo, kodwa Isigaba 72 sibeka izimo eziqinile. Indlela eyinhloko yokudluliselwa okuwela imingcele idinga ukuthi umthetho wezwe elikwamukelayo, imithetho egciniwe yezinkampani, noma isivumelwano esibophezelayo kuhlinzeke ngezinga elanele lokuvikelwa okufana ngokusobala nezimo zePOPIA zokucutshungulwa okusemthethweni. Ezinye izisekelo zokudluliselwa zihlanganisa imvume ecacile yomuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe, ukudingeka kwesivumelwano, nokudluliselwa okuyisithako somuntu oqoqelwe ulwazi lwakhe. Ngokungafani ne-EU GDPR, iPOPIA ayinalo uhlu lwesemthethweni lwamazwe okwanele, ngakho inhlangano ngayinye kumele izenzele uhlolo lwayo. Inkinga engeziwe iwukuthi iPOPIA ivikela abantu abazimele ngokomthetho kanye nabantu ngokwemvelo, futhi iziqinisekiso eziningi ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswa emhlabeni jikelele zembatha kuphela abantu ngokwemvelo.

Yini eshintshile kwizichibiyelo zeMithethonqubo yePOPIA zango-Ephreli 2025?

Imithethonqubo echitshiyelwe (Isaziso Sikahulumeni GN 6126 ka-2025, esashicilelwa ngoEphreli 17, 2025) yethule izinguquko eziningi ezibalulekile. Abantu abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo manje bangathumela ukuphikisa, izicelo zokulungiswa, nezicelo zokususwa nge-SMS ne-WhatsApp ngaphandle kwezindlela ezijwayelekile ezibhaliwe. Amaqembu anesibopho kumele azise abantu abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo ngokubhalwe phansi ngezinsuku ezingu-30 zomphumela wesicelo sokulungiswa noma sokususwa. Umthwalo wesikhulu solwazi wokugcina i-PAIA Manual wasuswa. Imvume yokukhangisa okuqondile yacaciswa ukuze izindlela zokuzikhipha (opt-out) zodwa zingasenayo isimo semvume evumelekile. Izinhlawulo zokuphathwa kwezinto manje zingakhokhwa ngezingxenyana. Isikhundla sokufaka izikhalazo sanda ukuze sifake abantu bezinhlangothi zesithathu abenza ngenxa yesithakazelo somphakathi.

Ngabe iPOPIA isebenza kumabhizinisi amancane nakubantu abangamabhizinisi eNingizimu Afrika?

Yebo. IPOPIA isebenza kuwo wonke amabhodi omphakathi nawangasese acutshungula ulwazi lomuntu siqu eNingizimu Afrika, kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu. Alukho ukukhululwa kwamabhizinisi amancane. Yonke inhlangano kumele iqoke futhi ibhalise Isikhulu Solwazi ne-Information Regulator, ihambisane nazo zonke izimo eziyisishiyagalombili zokucutshungulwa okusemthethweni, isebenzise izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha, futhi iphendule izicelo zabantu abaqoqelwe ulwazi lwabo. Kumabhizinisi amancane, inhloko yenhlangano ngokuzenzakalela ithwala indima yeSikhulu Solwazi uma kungekho ukuqokwa okuhlukile okwenziwe.

Yini indima ye-Information Regulator eNingizimu Afrika?

I-Information Regulator ingumbuso ozimele omiswe ngaphansi kweSigaba 39 sePOPIA, obikela iNational Assembly. Iqinisa kokubili iPOPIA nomthetho i-Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA). I-Regulator iphenya izikhalazo, yenza izinhlolo ezizisungulele zona, ikhipha izaziso zokuqinisa umthetho ezidinga ukulungiswa ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esibekiwe, ikhipha izaziso zokwephulwa ezibeka izinhlawulo zokuphathwa kwezinto ezifinyelela ku-ZAR 10 million, futhi idlulisela izindaba ukuze zishushiswe njengobugebengu lapho kudingeka. I-Regulator futhi isebenzisa i-eServices Portal edingekayo lapho izinhlangano zibhalisa khona izikhulu zolwazi, zithumela izaziso zokwephulwa, futhi zifake izikhalazo.