Delaware Grandparents' Rights: Third-Party Visitation Under 13 Del. C. Section 2412

Delaware does not have a grandparent-specific visitation statute; instead, grandparents petition under Delaware's general third-party visitation law, which names grandparents among the relatives eligible to file. Grandparents do not need to show a substantial prior relationship with the child the way other third-party petitioners must, but a fit parent's objection still carries real legal protection, and grandparents do not have an automatic right to visitation.

Information last verified on 2026-08-12. This article has not yet been reviewed by a licensed lawyer.

Delaware's Third-Party Visitation Law

Delaware handles grandparent visitation through a general third-party visitation statute, 13 Del. C. Chapter 24, rather than a grandparent-specific law. Section 2410(a) opens the door to «any adult person or persons», but only «provided that» the petitioner «(1) Has a substantial and positive prior relationship with the child; or (2) Is a grandparent, aunt, uncle or adult sibling of the child.» Standing is conditional, not universal: a neighbor, a family friend, or a former partner with no substantial prior relationship has no standing at all.

Grandparents have standing because Section 2410(a)(2) names them by relationship, which is also why a grandparent does not have to prove the substantial and positive prior relationship that an unrelated petitioner must establish. No divorce, death, or other triggering event is required before a grandparent files.

The real gate is substantive, found in Section 2412. A petitioner must show that visitation serves the child's best interest, and that one of four conditions applies as to each parent: the parent consents; the child is dependent, neglected, or abused in the parent's care; the parent is deceased; or, where the parent objects, the petitioner proves by clear and convincing evidence that the parent's objection is unreasonable, and separately shows by a preponderance of the evidence that the visitation will not substantially interfere with the parent-child relationship.

That last pathway, the one that applies when a fit parent actively objects, is the one most grandparents will actually face. It requires clearing two distinct evidentiary showings, not one. This is a real, moderate barrier: not the harm requirement some states impose, but meaningfully more than a bare best-interest test, and it reflects the same constitutional concern behind Troxel v. Granville, 530 U.S. 57 (2000), that a fit parent's own decision deserves genuine deference.

Delaware's «unreasonable objection» framing is distinct from both the presumption-rebuttal states like Alabama, where the grandparent must show a strong relationship to overcome a presumption, and harm states like Connecticut, where actual harm to the child must be proven. In Delaware, the focus is squarely on whether the parent's specific reason for objecting holds up, which in practice means the grandparent's evidence often centers on rebutting whatever justification the parent has offered, not simply building an independent case for why visitation would help the child.

How Delaware's Supreme Court Has Applied the Statute

This two-part test is not just statutory theory; the Delaware Supreme Court has applied it to grandparents in real, decided appeals, with outcomes running both ways. The leading illustration is Grant v. Grant, 173 A.3d 1051 (Del. 2017). There, the Family Court had awarded grandparents supervised, therapeutic visitation over the parents' objection, and the Supreme Court reversed, holding the grandparents had not carried either required showing under Section 2412: they had not proven by clear and convincing evidence that the parents' objection was unreasonable, and they had not separately shown by a preponderance of the evidence that visitation would not substantially interfere with the parent-child relationship. Grant is a concrete demonstration of how demanding the two-part test is in practice, even after a grandparent wins in the Family Court.

Grant is not an outlier, and it does not mean Delaware grandparents always lose. The Grant opinion's own footnotes collect several more Delaware Supreme Court decisions applying the same statute to grandparent petitioners, describing Everett v. Scott (Del. 2016) and Samuels v. Jowers (Del. 2015) as affirming awards of grandparent visitation, and Grey v. Knight (Del. 2014) and Frank v. Stewart (Del. 2013) as affirming denials. The pattern matches the statute's design: outcomes turn on the specific facts about the parent's stated reasons and the visitation's effect on the parent-child relationship, not on any automatic rule for or against grandparents.

Guardianship, Not Custody, Is the Nonparent Track

A grandparent cannot obtain custody in Delaware. Under 13 Del. C. Section 721(a), «A child custody proceeding is commenced in the Family Court of the State, or as otherwise provided by law, by a parent filing a petition seeking custody of the child», so a nonparent cannot commence one at all.

The nonparent vehicle is guardianship, under 13 Del. C. Chapter 23. Section 2330(a) requires the court to find either the parent's voluntary consent or, after a hearing on the merits and by a preponderance of the evidence, both that the child is dependent, neglected, or abused and that it is in the child's best interests for the guardianship to be granted. Both findings are required on that contested route, not just the dependency finding.

The label difference matters beyond terminology, because guardianship is not permanent the way custody is. Under Section 2332, a guardianship order can be terminated, modified, or rescinded, including where a parent shows the guardianship is no longer necessary for the reason it was established. This is a distinct legal track from visitation, generally reserved for more serious situations. For more, see Can Grandparents Get Custody? and Delaware child custody laws.

What Happens After Termination of Parental Rights or Adoption

Delaware's rule here is specific and worth understanding carefully. Where a parent's rights have already been terminated, which typically precedes an adoption, that terminated parent and the terminated parent's relatives, including grandparents on that side, are barred from filing for third-party visitation. Section 2410(d) then provides two ways back in, and only two.

The first is a timing route: filing is allowed if more than three years have passed since the termination-of-parental-rights order was entered AND the child has not been adopted. Because that second condition requires the child to remain unadopted, an actual adoption closes this particular route regardless of how much time has passed.

The second route survives an adoption. Filing is allowed where the adoptive parent, or both adoptive parents where there are two, «previously entered into a written notarized agreement or court-approved agreement for continued visitation and a copy of the agreement is attached to the petition.» There is no three-year wait on this route. In practical terms, a written post-adoption visitation agreement, including one made as part of a stepparent adoption, can preserve a grandparent's ability to petition, but only where the adoptive parents actually signed one.

How to Petition for Third-Party Visitation in Delaware

A visitation case is filed in the Family Court of the State of Delaware, and a grandparent may file under Section 2410(a)(2) without needing to wait for a specific triggering event. No official statewide fee schedule was located for this filing, so confirm the current cost with the Family Court clerk's office where you plan to file. If the case is appealed, the decided Delaware Supreme Court cases described above show how the two-part standard is enforced at that level.

Delaware's Family Court generally schedules a case management conference early in the process and often refers contested visitation matters to mediation before a merits hearing, consistent with the court's general preference for resolving family disputes without a trial where possible. If mediation fails, the hearing focuses on the two-part showing described above, unreasonableness of the parent's objection and lack of substantial interference with the parent-child relationship, and both sides typically present documentary evidence and testimony about the family's history.

Delaware's Family Court system generally favors mediation, and a grandparent should try that route, or a direct conversation with the parent, before filing a petition. Even a moderate-difficulty legal standard means real time, cost, and an adversarial posture toward the child's parent once litigation starts, which can itself strain the relationship a grandparent hopes to preserve. If a family decides to move forward, a family-law attorney licensed in Delaware can evaluate whether the parent's objection is realistically unreasonable under the statute before a case is filed.

Disclaimer

This article provides general information about Delaware third-party visitation and guardianship law. It is not legal advice and does not create an attorney-client relationship. Case outcomes depend heavily on individual facts. Verify current statutory text and consult a licensed Delaware family-law attorney before relying on anything here for a specific situation.

Related Articles

• Grandparents' Rights by State
• Grandparent Visitation Rights
• Can Grandparents Get Custody?
• Delaware Child Custody Laws
• Delaware Divorce Laws

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Last updated: 2026-08-12.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does Delaware have a grandparent-specific visitation statute?

No. Grandparents petition under Delaware's general third-party visitation law, 13 Del. C. Chapter 24. Section 2410(a) allows «any adult person» to file only provided that the petitioner has a substantial and positive prior relationship with the child or is a grandparent, aunt, uncle, or adult sibling of the child. Grandparents qualify under that second clause.

What must a grandparent prove if a Delaware parent objects to visitation?

Under 13 Del. C. Section 2412, the petitioner must prove by clear and convincing evidence that the parent's objection is unreasonable, and separately show by a preponderance of the evidence that visitation will not substantially interfere with the parent-child relationship.

Does adoption end a grandparent's path to visitation in Delaware?

Not necessarily. Where a parent's rights were terminated, that parent's relatives including grandparents can file under Section 2410(d) only if more than three years have passed since termination and the child has not been adopted, or if the adoptive parents previously entered a written notarized or court-approved agreement for continued visitation and a copy is attached to the petition. That second route works even after an adoption and carries no waiting period.

Can grandparents get custody or guardianship instead of visitation in Delaware?

Not custody. Under 13 Del. C. Section 721(a) a child custody proceeding is commenced by a parent, so a nonparent cannot start one. The nonparent route is guardianship under 13 Del. C. Section 2330, which requires the parent's consent or, after a hearing, proof by a preponderance of the evidence both that the child is dependent, neglected, or abused and that guardianship is in the child's best interests. A guardianship can later be terminated, modified, or rescinded under Section 2332.

Where do grandparents file for visitation in Delaware?

In the Family Court of the State of Delaware, under 13 Del. C. Section 2410, without needing to wait for a specific triggering event.

Do Delaware grandparents need to show a prior relationship with the child?

Not as a standing requirement. Section 2410(a)(2) lists grandparents separately from petitioners who must show a substantial and positive prior relationship, so a grandparent's eligibility to file does not depend on that showing. Evidence of an existing relationship still helps establish that visitation serves the child's best interest under Section 2412.