Trump AI Executive Orders: Each Order Explained (2027)

As of November 4, 2026, President Trump has signed ten executive orders centered on AI since January 20, 2025, by our count of Federal Register documents through November 2, 2026. None of the ten sets general rules for private AI companies. The one aimed at state law is Executive Order 14365 (90 FR 58499), which works through agencies, litigation and a request to Congress; no sentence in it declares a state law preempted or invalid.

Status as of November 4, 2026: The newest order on the list is EO 14434, signed September 29, 2026. Under EO 14365, the Justice Department has formed its AI Litigation Task Force, the White House has issued legislative recommendations, and the FTC has proposed, but not finalized, a policy statement. Separately, in April 2026 the Justice Department intervened in a lawsuit against Colorado's AI law under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. We did not find a published Commerce evaluation in the Federal Register or on ntia.gov, or a BEAD notice carrying the order's AI condition on NTIA's sites.

This page covers presidential executive orders and related federal documents since January 20, 2025. For state statutes, start with our AI laws hub. This is general legal information, not legal advice.

Trump's AI-Centered Executive Orders: The List

The table lists the ten orders in signing order. Every title is the official Federal Register title, and each citation links to the published order.

"No follow-on document found" reports our Federal Register search by order number as of November 4, 2026. It does not mean an agency has done nothing, because agencies can act in ways the Federal Register does not show.

How We Counted

Ten is an editorial count of orders centered on AI, not a legal category. Many other presidential documents touch AI without being centered on it. Examples include the proclamation Ratepayer Protection Pledge (March 4, 2026), on data center electricity costs, EO 14299 (nuclear power, including for AI data centers), EO 14359 (AI tools in child welfare) and EO 14426 (Veterans Affairs AI tools).

What the Major AI Executive Orders Do

EO 14179: Removing Barriers to American Leadership in AI

EO 14179, signed January 23, 2025, sets the policy the later orders build on: "to sustain and enhance America's global AI dominance in order to promote human flourishing, economic competitiveness, and national security." Section 4 ordered an action plan within 180 days.

Section 5 ordered a review of actions taken under "the revoked Executive Order 14110" and told OMB to revise memoranda M-24-10 and M-24-18 within 60 days. Section 6(c) says the order creates no right or benefit enforceable "by any party".

EO 14318, 14319 and 14320: The July 2025 Orders

The President signed three orders on July 23, 2025, the day the AI Action Plan came out.

EO 14318 (data centers). It defines a "Data Center Project" as a facility needing "greater than 100 megawatts (MW) of new load dedicated to AI inference, training, simulation, or synthetic data generation." It tells Commerce to launch financial support for qualifying projects, and it addresses federal environmental review, permitting and federal lands. It also revokes EO 14141.

EO 14319 ("Preventing Woke AI"). Section 3 tells agency heads to "procure only those LLMs developed in accordance with" two principles, truth-seeking and ideological neutrality. The order covers what the federal government buys. It states that "the Federal Government should be hesitant to regulate the functionality of AI models in the private marketplace." Section 4(b)(i) calls for contract terms charging decommissioning costs to a vendor when an agency terminates for the vendor's noncompliance.

EO 14320 (AI exports). It told the Commerce Secretary to establish the American AI Exports Program within 90 days. Commerce's call for proposals followed on April 10, 2026.

EO 14365: The Order on State AI Laws

EO 14365, signed December 11, 2025, states a policy of "a minimally burdensome national policy framework for AI." It then assigns tasks to agencies and asks for a legislative recommendation. No sentence declares any state law preempted or invalid, and Section 9(b) says the order "shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations."

Section 1 refers to "a new Colorado law banning 'algorithmic discrimination'" that "may even force AI models to produce false results". The order does not name the Colorado AI Act or SB 24-205.

Section 5(a) states three limits. It reaches only "non-deployment funds", only for states identified under Section 4, and only "to the maximum extent allowed by Federal law."

The Section 8 carve-outs limit a recommendation. Section 8(b) says the recommendation "shall not propose preempting otherwise lawful State AI laws" on child safety, AI compute and data center infrastructure (other than generally applicable permitting reforms), state government procurement and use of AI, and other topics to be determined. It describes what the proposal may contain. It does not exempt anything in force today.

The FTC statement is still a proposal. The FTC's proposal says, "Although the FTC Act does not expressly preempt State law, State law is impliedly preempted to the extent it conflicts with a Federal regulatory scheme." It names "Colorado's recently revised Artificial Intelligence Act." For now it is a proposed statement of the agency's views.

The White House recommendations are a request to Congress. They say "Congress should preempt state AI laws that impose undue burdens" and that "States should not be permitted to regulate AI development". They would keep state police powers "to enforce laws of general applicability against AI developers and users, including particular laws to protect children, prevent fraud, and protect consumers", along with state zoning and a state's own use of AI. They are not law.

We found one Justice Department court action. On April 24, 2026, the department intervened under 42 U.S.C. 2000h-2 in xAI's lawsuit against Colorado's AI law, X.AI LLC v. Weiser (D. Colo.). Its complaint in intervention pleads two Equal Protection counts and cites EO 14365 and the Action Plan, but it does not mention the AI Litigation Task Force. Our search of court dockets and justice.gov press releases found no standalone Justice Department suit against a state AI law.

The rest of the fight over state law, including the case list and federal bills, is on our state AI law preemption tracker.

EO 14409: Frontier Models and Cybersecurity

EO 14409, signed June 2, 2026, centers on cybersecurity. Section 3 calls for a classified benchmarking process and "a voluntary framework with AI developers" for government access to "covered frontier models" for "up to 30 days" before release to other trusted partners. Section 4 tells the Attorney General to prioritize computer-crime enforcement involving AI.

Section 3(c) limits the order: "Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize the creation of a mandatory governmental licensing, preclearance, or permitting requirement for the development, publication, release, or distribution of new AI models, including frontier models." The order has no state-law provision.

EO 14434: The "Super Intelligence" Order

EO 14434, signed September 29, 2026, is a terminology order. To the maximum extent permitted by law, Section 2(a) tells agencies to use "Super Intelligence" and "SI" in "official correspondence, public communications, websites, reports, policy documents, and other non-statutory documents within the executive branch."

Section 2(b) says, "Nothing in this section requires the alteration of previously issued regulations, Presidential actions, contracts, grants, or other historical documents." Section 3(a) defines the new terms by the existing statutory definition of artificial intelligence, 15 U.S.C. 9401(3). The order changes executive-branch vocabulary only: it changes no statute, state law or private duty, and state statutes keep their own terms.

America's AI Action Plan (July 2025)

"Winning the Race: America's AI Action Plan," the plan EO 14179 ordered, was released July 23, 2025. It has three pillars: Accelerate AI Innovation, Build American AI Infrastructure, and Lead in International AI Diplomacy and Security. The plan describes itself as policy recommendations. It is not law.

On state law, it says: "The Federal government should not allow AI-related Federal funding to be directed toward states with burdensome AI regulations that waste these funds, but should also not interfere with states' rights to pass prudent laws that are not unduly restrictive to innovation."

It recommends that OMB work with agencies that have AI-related discretionary funding programs to ensure, "consistent with applicable law," that they "consider a state's AI regulatory climate when making funding decisions and limit funding if the state's AI regulatory regimes may hinder the effectiveness of that funding or award." It also recommends that the FCC evaluate whether state AI regulations interfere with its work under the Communications Act of 1934.

On procurement, it recommends that the government "only contracts with frontier large language model (LLM) developers who ensure that their systems are objective and free from top-down ideological bias." EO 14319 addressed federal LLM procurement the same day.

OMB AI Memos: M-25-21, M-25-22 and M-26-04

OMB memoranda tell federal agencies how to carry out policy. These three cover federal use and purchasing of AI. They do not regulate private AI use.

M-25-21: Federal Use of AI

M-25-21, dated April 3, 2025, "rescinds and replaces" M-24-10. It gave each agency 60 days to retain or designate a Chief AI Officer, and gave each CFO Act agency 90 days to convene an AI governance board, which may be an existing body. It gave agencies 365 days to document minimum practices for high-impact AI uses.

M-25-22: Federal AI Purchasing

M-25-22, also dated April 3, 2025, "rescinds and replaces" M-24-18. It applies to contracts under solicitations issued 180 days or more after the memo and to options exercised after that date. It does not apply to AI acquired as a component of a National Security System.

M-26-04: Unbiased AI Principles

M-26-04, dated December 11, 2025, implements EO 14319. It says: "No later than March 11, 2026, agencies must update their policies and procedures to ensure that contracts for the procurement of LLMs include contractual requirements addressing compliance with the Unbiased AI Principles."

It excludes national security systems and agency regulatory actions on non-agency uses of AI. A footnote prints the order's number as 14139; the Federal Register number is 14319. The memo has its own sunset, covered in the 2027 section below.

Do These Orders Override State AI Laws?

EO 14365 does not itself declare any state law preempted, and in the cases on our preemption tracker we found no decision holding a state AI law preempted by an executive order. As of November 4, 2026, we found no federal statute in the public laws of the 119th Congress that sets general rules for private AI systems or generally preempts state AI laws. Sector statutes exist, such as the TAKE IT DOWN Act on intimate images, and some state AI laws face court challenges on other grounds.

One preemption ruling did come from a statute. In August 2025, in Kohls v. Bonta, a federal court declared that California's AB 2655 "violates and is preempted by" Section 230, 47 U.S.C. 230, "as-applied to X Corp. and Rumble," because both are providers of an interactive computer service and applying AB 2655 to "any such provider" is preempted. Its injunction protects X Corp. and Rumble. A separate stipulated order bars the defendant state officials from enforcing AB 2655 against any provider of an interactive computer service, and it ends if an appellate court vacates the judgment. The state has appealed to the Ninth Circuit, No. 25-6138.

Colorado is where the Justice Department has gone to court. SB 24-205 became law May 17, 2024, and SB 25B-004 moved its developer and deployer duties from February 1 to June 30, 2026. SB 26-189, signed May 14, 2026, repeals and reenacts the 2024 law effective January 1, 2027, for decisions made on or after that date, apart from a few provisions that took effect on passage. We found nothing in these acts that suspends the SB 24-205 duties from June 30 to December 31, 2026, and a federal court order bars the Attorney General from starting enforcement, including an investigation, for alleged violations that occurred or may occur on or before 14 days after the court rules on xAI's expected preliminary injunction motion.

That order is a stipulated minute order in X.AI v. Weiser binding Colorado's Attorney General. It is not a ruling on the law's validity, and the case has no merits ruling.

For individuals and businesses, the practical point is the order's own text. EO 14365, like EO 14179, EO 14409 and EO 14434, says it creates no right or benefit enforceable "by any party" against the United States. The order does not by its own words change what a state law requires. State laws now in court are a separate matter, and the preemption tracker lists them.

The One Big Beautiful Bill and the AI Moratorium

The AI moratorium in the 2025 budget bill was a proposal in Congress, not an executive order. The House passed a 10-year ban on enforcing state AI laws in H.R. 1. The Senate recast it as a condition on broadband funds, then struck that version 99-1 on July 1, 2025. The enacted law, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (P.L. 119-21), contains neither.

Before These Orders: EO 14110 and EO 14148

President Biden signed EO 14110, "Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence," on October 30, 2023 (88 FR 75191).

EO 14148 revoked EO 14110 on January 20, 2025. It is a general rescission order, "Initial Rescissions of Harmful Executive Orders and Actions" (90 FR 8237), and EO 14110 appears in its list at item (ggg). EO 14179, signed January 23, ordered an AI Action Plan and a review of actions taken under the revoked order.

The two are easy to confuse. EO 14179 Section 1 says it "revokes certain existing AI policies and directives", and EO 14365 Section 1 links the earlier revocation to EO 14179. Those are the orders' own descriptions. The document that lists EO 14110 is EO 14148.

A second Biden order, EO 14141 of January 14, 2025, on AI infrastructure (90 FR 5469), was revoked by EO 14318.

What Changes in 2027

These are the dated and open items we are tracking. None of them is a forecast.

• November 28, 2026: "Super Intelligence" definition. EO 14434 Section 3(b) gives the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology 60 days from the order to submit "proposed legislative language to establish a Federal definition". A submission to the President is not law.
• January 1, 2027: Colorado. The rewritten law is scheduled to take effect January 1, 2027, but a federal court order bars the Attorney General from starting enforcement, including an investigation, for alleged violations that occurred or may occur on or before 14 days after the court rules on xAI's expected preliminary injunction motion. xAI's motion is due within 28 days after final adoption of the implementing rules, and the Colorado Attorney General's rulemaking page showed no adoption as of November 4, 2026.
• December 11, 2027: M-26-04 sunset. The memo says it "shall cease to have any force or effect two years after the date of its issuance, unless the Director of OMB provides otherwise."
• No date: Commerce, NTIA and FCC under EO 14365. The table above shows where each step stands, including the September 2026 NTIA notice that does not carry the AI condition. If Commerce publishes its evaluation, the FCC's 90-day clock starts.
• No date: FTC final statement. Comments closed July 31, 2026. We found no final statement in the Federal Register.
• Pending: FY2027 defense bills. The House passed H.R. 8800 on July 22, 2026, and the Senate received it on September 14, 2026. The latest action we found on S. 4784 is a motion to proceed on July 27, 2026. Neither bill is law.

Change Log

This page is updated in place when a new order or a major follow-through step is published.

• November 4, 2026: Page published, covering ten AI-centered orders in Federal Register documents published through November 2, 2026.

Related AI Law Guides

• AI Laws in the United States
• State AI Law Preemption Tracker
• TAKE IT DOWN Act
• Colorado AI Laws
• California AI Laws

Frequently Asked Questions

How many AI executive orders has Trump signed?

As of November 4, 2026, we count ten executive orders centered on AI since January 20, 2025, based on Federal Register documents through November 2, 2026: EO 14179, 14277, 14318, 14319, 14320, 14355, 14363, 14365, 14409 and 14434. Other orders touch AI without being centered on it, so this is not a count of everything touching AI.

What is Executive Order 14365?

EO 14365, 'Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence,' was signed December 11, 2025 (90 FR 58499). It directs federal agencies to challenge or discourage state AI laws that conflict with a stated national policy and calls for a federal framework from Congress. It does not itself declare any state law preempted.

What is Executive Order 14179?

EO 14179, 'Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence,' was signed January 23, 2025 (90 FR 8741). It sets a policy of sustaining America's global AI dominance, ordered an action plan within 180 days, and ordered a review of actions taken under the revoked EO 14110.

Did Trump's executive order ban state AI laws?

No sentence in EO 14365 declares a state law preempted or invalid. It works through a Justice Department task force, agency actions and a recommendation to Congress. As of November 4, 2026, in the cases on our preemption tracker, we found no decision holding a state AI law preempted by an executive order, though some state AI laws face court challenges on other grounds.

Which order revoked Biden's AI executive order?

EO 14148 revoked EO 14110 on January 20, 2025. EO 14179, signed January 23, ordered an AI Action Plan and a review of actions taken under the revoked order.

What is America's AI Action Plan?

'Winning the Race: America's AI Action Plan,' which EO 14179 ordered, was released July 23, 2025. It has three pillars: AI innovation, AI infrastructure, and international AI diplomacy and security. It contains policy recommendations and is not law.

Did the Big Beautiful Bill ban state AI laws?

No. The House passed a 10-year ban on enforcing state AI laws. The Senate recast it as a condition on broadband funds, then struck that version 99-1 on July 1, 2025. The enacted law, P.L. 119-21, contains neither.

Has the Justice Department sued a state over its AI law?

As of November 4, 2026, we found one court action: the department intervened on April 24, 2026, under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, in xAI's lawsuit against Colorado's AI law. In court dockets and justice.gov press releases, we found no standalone Justice Department suit against a state AI law. That is a result of our search, not proof that none exists.

Is BEAD broadband funding being withheld over state AI laws?

EO 14365 Section 5(a) reaches only BEAD non-deployment funds, only for states identified under Section 4, and only to the maximum extent allowed by federal law. As of November 4, 2026, we did not find a published Commerce evaluation in the Federal Register or on ntia.gov, or a BEAD notice carrying the order's AI condition on NTIA's sites. NTIA's September 2026 BEAD notice on program savings does not mention AI.

Did Trump rename AI to Super Intelligence?

Only inside the executive branch. EO 14434, signed September 29, 2026, tells agencies to use 'Super Intelligence' and 'SI' in non-statutory documents. It changes no statute, state law or private duty, and the statutory term remains artificial intelligence.

Does the Preventing Woke AI order apply to private companies?

EO 14319 applies to what the federal government buys. Agencies must procure large language models that meet its Unbiased AI Principles, so it reaches companies as federal vendors. The order states that the government should be hesitant to regulate the functionality of AI models in the private marketplace.

Does EO 14409 require government approval before releasing an AI model?

No. EO 14409 calls for a voluntary framework for early government access to covered frontier models, and Section 3(c) says the section does not authorize a mandatory licensing, preclearance or permitting requirement for new AI models.