Dying Without a Will in Singapore: Intestate Succession
When a person dies without a valid will, they are said to have died intestate. Nobody gets to choose who inherits: the Intestate Succession Act 1967 imposes a fixed set of shares based on which family members survive. Those shares apply whether or not they match what the deceased would have wanted, which is the clearest argument for making a will.
This guide sets out the main distribution rules under the Act, the separate position of Muslims, and why CPF savings fall outside all of it.
This is general legal information, not legal advice. Consult a qualified advocate and solicitor about your situation.
When the intestacy rules apply
The Intestate Succession Act 1967 applies where a person dies without a valid will, or where a will does not dispose of the whole estate. The estate is then divided according to fixed rules in section 7 of the Act, based on who survives the deceased.
Because the shares are fixed by statute, an unmarried partner, a stepchild who was never adopted, or a favourite charity receives nothing under intestacy, however close the relationship. Only a will can provide for them.
How the estate is divided
Section 7 sets out the order and the shares. The most common situations are:
| Who survives | Who inherits |
|---|---|
| Spouse, no children, no parents | Spouse takes the whole estate (Rule 1) |
| Spouse and children | Spouse one-half; children share the other half equally (Rule 2) |
| Spouse and parents, no children | Spouse one-half; parents the other half (Rule 4) |
| Children, no spouse | Children share the whole estate equally |
| Parents, no spouse, no children | Parents take the whole estate equally |
| Siblings only | Brothers and sisters share equally |
Where children are involved, they take equal shares, and the children of a child who has already died take that child's share between them (per stirpes). If none of the closer relatives survive, the estate passes down a fixed ladder: parents, then brothers and sisters, then grandparents, then uncles and aunts.
What intestacy does not do
The rules are rigid, and this produces results that surprise many families:
- An unmarried partner inherits nothing, no matter how long the relationship lasted.
- A friend, a carer or a charity receives nothing.
- You cannot adjust the shares between your children.
- You cannot appoint the executor of your choice; the court appoints an administrator instead.
Every one of these can be changed by making a will.
Muslims: the Intestate Succession Act does not apply
Section 2 of the Intestate Succession Act 1967 expressly excludes Muslims: "Nothing in this Act shall apply to the estate of any Muslim." A Muslim who dies without a will therefore does not have the estate divided under the rules above.
Instead, under section 112 of the Administration of Muslim Law Act 1966, the estate is distributed according to Muslim law, the faraid rules. The exact shares depend on which relatives survive and follow fixed proportions under Muslim law. The Syariah Court issues an Inheritance Certificate confirming the beneficiaries and their shares, which the family then uses to distribute the estate.
CPF savings are outside intestacy
A large asset for many people, their CPF savings, is not governed by the Intestate Succession Act at all. CPF money does not form part of the estate. If the deceased made a CPF nomination, the nominees receive it directly. If there was no nomination, the Public Trustee distributes it, applying the intestacy rules or Muslim law as appropriate, but the court estate and the CPF are handled separately.
Settling an intestate estate
Where there is no will, a next of kin must apply to the Family Justice Courts for Letters of Administration to be appointed administrator before the estate can be distributed. That process, and how it differs from a Grant of Probate, is covered on the probate page.
This guide is part of the wills, estates and power of attorney in Singapore section, which links the related guides on planning ahead and settling an estate.
Frequently Asked Questions
What happens if I die without a will in Singapore?
You die intestate, and the Intestate Succession Act 1967 decides who inherits in fixed shares. For example, a spouse with no children and no surviving parents takes the whole estate, while a spouse with children takes one-half and the children share the other half. An unmarried partner, friend or charity receives nothing.
How is an estate divided without a will in Singapore?
Under section 7 of the Intestate Succession Act 1967: spouse only takes everything; spouse and children means spouse one-half and children one-half; spouse and parents but no children means one-half each. Without a spouse, the estate passes to children, then parents, then siblings, then more remote relatives.
Does the Intestate Succession Act apply to Muslims?
No. Section 2 states that nothing in the Act applies to the estate of any Muslim. A Muslim who dies without a will has the estate distributed according to Muslim law, or faraid, under section 112 of the Administration of Muslim Law Act 1966, confirmed by an Inheritance Certificate from the Syariah Court.
Does an unmarried partner inherit under Singapore intestacy?
No. The Intestate Succession Act 1967 provides only for legally recognised relationships such as spouse, children and parents. An unmarried partner inherits nothing under intestacy, regardless of how long the couple lived together. Only a will can provide for a partner.
Is CPF distributed under the intestacy rules?
CPF savings do not form part of the estate and are not governed by the Intestate Succession Act. They pass by CPF nomination if one was made. If there was no nomination, the Public Trustee distributes the CPF, applying the intestacy rules or Muslim law, but separately from the rest of the estate.
Sources and References
- Intestate Succession Act 1967, sections 2 and 7, Singapore Statutes Online(sso.agc.gov.sg).gov
- Administration of Muslim Law Act 1966, sections 111 and 112, Singapore Statutes Online(sso.agc.gov.sg).gov
- Central Provident Fund Board, Making a CPF nomination(cpf.gov.sg).gov
- Family Justice Courts, Probate and Administration(judiciary.gov.sg).gov