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70 articles
Argentina's Personal Data Protection Law (Law 25.326) governs data privacy with EU adequacy status. Learn about AAIP enforcement, habeas data rights, consent rules, and pending reform.
Guide to Australia's Privacy Act 1988, 13 Australian Privacy Principles, OAIC enforcement, data breach rules, and 2024-2026 reform timeline.
Austria enforces data privacy through the GDPR and DSG (Datenschutzgesetz). Learn about DSB enforcement, the Google Analytics ruling, penalties, and breach rules.
Complete guide to Bahrain data privacy laws under the PDPL (Law No. 30 of 2018). Learn about the Personal Data Protection Authority, penalties, cross-border transfers, and compliance.
Understand Bangladesh data privacy laws including the Personal Data Protection Ordinance 2025, Cyber Security Ordinance 2025, constitutional privacy rights, and telecom regulations.
Belgium enforces data privacy through GDPR and the Law of 30 July 2018. Learn about APD/GBA enforcement, fines up to 4% of turnover, and Belgian-specific rules.
Complete guide to Brazil's LGPD data privacy law. Covers the 10 legal bases, ANPD enforcement, penalties up to BRL 50M, EU adequacy decision, and compliance requirements.
Learn how Bulgaria implements GDPR through the Personal Data Protection Act, CPDP enforcement, the EUR 2.55M NRA data breach fine, EGN protections, and compliance tips.
Complete guide to Canada data privacy laws including PIPEDA, Quebec Law 25, Alberta and BC PIPA. Covers penalties up to $25M, breach notification rules, and 2026 reform status.
Complete guide to Chile data privacy laws under Law 21.719 reforming Law 19.628. Learn about the new Data Protection Agency, GDPR-aligned provisions, and penalties.
China's PIPL, Data Security Law, and Cybersecurity Law form strict data privacy rules. Learn consent requirements, cross-border transfer rules, penalties up to 5% revenue, and compliance steps.
Colombia protects personal data under Law 1581 of 2012 and the habeas data constitutional right. Learn about SIC enforcement, consent rules, penalties, and cross-border transfers.
Learn how Croatia implements GDPR, AZOP enforcement with nearly EUR 7M in 2025 fines, OIB number protections, video surveillance rules, and compliance requirements.
Complete guide to Cyprus data privacy laws under Law 125(I)/2018 and the GDPR. Learn about the Commissioner's enforcement powers, fines, data subject rights, and compliance.
Learn how the Czech Republic implements GDPR through Act 110/2019, UOOU enforcement including the EUR 13.9M Avast fine, public body exemptions, and compliance tips.
Learn how Denmark implements GDPR through the Danish Data Protection Act, Datatilsynet enforcement via courts, CPR number protections, CCTV rules, and compliance tips.
Complete guide to Egypt data privacy laws under Law No. 151 of 2020. Learn about the Personal Data Protection Center, licensing requirements, penalties, and 2025 regulations.
Learn how Estonia implements GDPR through the Personal Data Protection Act, the AKI enforcement authority, e-Residency data obligations, and X-Road secure data exchange.
Complete guide to EU GDPR data privacy laws. Covers the 7 principles, data subject rights, penalties up to 4% of global turnover, enforcement stats, and compliance requirements.
Learn how Finland implements GDPR through the Data Protection Act 1050/2018, the Data Protection Ombudsman, strict employee monitoring rules, and compliance tips.
France enforces data privacy through GDPR and the Loi Informatique et Libertes. Learn about CNIL fines, cookie rules, breach notification, and penalties.
Germany enforces some of the strictest data privacy laws in Europe through the GDPR and BDSG. Learn about the BfDI, state DPAs, employee data rules, penalties, and compliance requirements.
Complete guide to Ghana data privacy laws under the Data Protection Act 2012 (Act 843). Learn about the Data Protection Commission, registration requirements, and penalties.
Learn how Greece implements GDPR through Law 4624/2019, HDPA enforcement on CCTV and surveillance, video monitoring rules, fines, and compliance requirements.
Learn how Hungary implements GDPR through the Info Act, NAIH enforcement including the landmark AI fine, strict employee monitoring rules, and compliance requirements.
Complete guide to Iceland data privacy laws under Act 90/2018 and the GDPR. Learn about Personuvernd enforcement, fines, data subject rights, and compliance requirements.
India's DPDP Act 2023 is the country's first comprehensive data protection law. Learn about consent rules, penalties up to INR 250 crore, cross-border transfers, and the phased compliance timeline through 2027.
Complete guide to Indonesia's PDP Law (Law 27/2022). Covers data subject rights, breach notification, cross-border transfers, penalties up to 2% revenue, and DPO requirements.
Ireland's DPC enforces GDPR for Meta, Google, Apple, and TikTok. Learn about the Data Protection Act 2018, record fines totaling over 4 billion euros, and your rights.
Complete guide to Israel data privacy laws. Covers the Privacy Protection Law 5741-1981, Amendment 13 reforms, PPA enforcement, EU adequacy, and compliance requirements.
Italy enforces data privacy through the GDPR and Privacy Code (D.Lgs. 196/2003). Learn about Garante enforcement, breach rules, criminal penalties, and landmark AI cases.
Japan's APPI governs personal data with strict cross-border transfer rules, mandatory breach reporting, and expanded individual rights. 2026 guide.
Kenya enforces data privacy through the Data Protection Act 2019 and the ODPC. Learn about data subject rights, breach notification, penalties up to KES 5M, and cross-border transfer rules.
Learn how Latvia implements GDPR through the Personal Data Processing Law, DVI enforcement authority, notable fines up to EUR 1.2M, and criminal penalties.
Learn how Lithuania implements GDPR, VDAI enforcement including the EUR 2.4M Vinted fine, data breach trends, dual supervisory structure, and compliance requirements.
Learn about Luxembourg data privacy laws including GDPR implementation, the Law of 1 August 2018, CNPD enforcement, the record EUR 746M Amazon fine, and financial sector rules.
Malaysia enforces data privacy through the PDPA 2010 (Act 709) and its 2024 amendments. Learn about JPDP enforcement, 7 data protection principles, breach notification, and penalties up to RM 1 million.
Complete guide to Malta data privacy laws under Cap. 586 and the GDPR. Learn about IDPC enforcement, data subject rights, cross-border transfers, and penalties.
Mexico overhauled its data privacy framework in 2025. Learn about the LFPDPPP, ARCO rights, INAI dissolution, penalties up to $3.8M USD, and compliance requirements.
Complete guide to Netherlands data privacy laws. Covers GDPR, UAVG, Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens enforcement, BSN protections, breach rules, and major fines.
Complete guide to New Zealand data privacy laws under the Privacy Act 2020, covering all 13 Information Privacy Principles, breach notification, penalties, and cross-border transfers.
Complete guide to Nigeria data privacy laws under the NDPA 2023. Covers NDPC enforcement, data subject rights, breach notification, penalties up to 2% revenue, and cross-border transfer rules.
Complete guide to Norway data privacy laws under the Personal Data Act and GDPR via EEA. Learn about Datatilsynet enforcement, fines, data subject rights, and compliance.
Guide to Pakistan data privacy laws including PECA 2016, the pending Personal Data Protection Bill, Article 14 privacy rights, and telecom data regulations.
Complete guide to Peru data privacy laws under Law 29733 and the 2024 regulatory reform. Learn about ANPDP enforcement, penalties, cross-border transfers, and compliance.
Complete guide to Philippine data privacy law under RA 10173. Covers NPC enforcement, data subject rights, breach notification rules, penalties up to PHP 5M, and cross-border transfers.
Complete guide to Poland data privacy laws including GDPR implementation, UODO enforcement, notable fines, breach notification rules, and Polish-specific provisions.
Learn how Portugal implements GDPR through Law 58/2019, the role of the CNPD supervisory authority, enforcement fines, employee monitoring rules, and compliance tips.
Complete guide to Qatar data privacy laws under Law No. 13 of 2016. Learn about the NDPO enforcement, penalties up to QAR 5 million, cross-border transfers, and compliance.
Learn how Romania implements GDPR through Law 190/2018, ANSPDCP enforcement, employee monitoring restrictions, biometric data rules, and public authority penalties.
Complete guide to Russia's Federal Law No. 152-FZ on personal data. Covers Roskomnadzor enforcement, data localization, breach notification, penalties up to 500M rubles, and cross-border transfers.
Complete guide to Saudi Arabia's Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL). Covers SDAIA enforcement, data subject rights, consent rules, breach notification, penalties up to SAR 5M, and cross-border transfers.
Complete guide to Singapore data privacy laws under the PDPA. Covers the 9 data protection obligations, breach notification rules, penalties up to 10% turnover, and 2026 NRIC changes.
Learn how Slovakia implements GDPR through Act 18/2018, UOOU enforcement, strict birth number protections, employee monitoring rules, and compliance requirements.
Learn how Slovenia implements GDPR through ZVOP-2, the Information Commissioner's new enforcement powers, biometric data restrictions, processing log requirements, and compliance tips.
Guide to South Africa's POPIA data privacy law. Covers 8 conditions for lawful processing, ZAR 10M penalties, breach notification, and cross-border transfer rules.
South Korea's PIPA is among the world's strictest data privacy laws. Learn about consent rules, data subject rights, PIPC enforcement, cross-border transfers, and penalties up to 10% of revenue.
Spain enforces data privacy through the GDPR and LOPDGDD (Ley Organica 3/2018). Learn about AEPD enforcement, digital rights, penalties, and breach notification rules.
Complete guide to Sri Lanka data privacy laws under the PDPA. Covers Data Protection Authority enforcement, data subject rights, breach notification, penalties, and cross-border transfers.
Sweden enforces GDPR through the Data Protection Act (2018:218) and IMY. Learn about fines, breach notification, and compliance requirements.
Complete guide to Switzerland's nFADP data privacy law. Covers FDPIC enforcement, CHF 250,000 penalties, cross-border transfers, and compliance.
Complete guide to Taiwan data privacy laws under the PDPA. Learn about the 2025 amendments, the new Personal Data Protection Commission, cross-border transfers, and penalties.
Learn about Tanzania's data privacy laws including the Personal Data Protection Act 2022, PDPC enforcement, EPOCA provisions, cross-border transfer rules, and compliance requirements.
Thailand's PDPA governs personal data collection, use, and transfer. Learn about PDPC enforcement, data subject rights, breach notification, penalties up to THB 5 million, and cross-border rules.
Turkey's KVKK (Law No. 6698) governs personal data protection with GDPR-like rules. Learn about 2024 amendments, cross-border transfers, breach notification, VERBIS registration, and penalties up to 17M TRY.
Complete guide to UAE data privacy laws including Federal PDPL, DIFC Data Protection Law, and ADGM regulations. Covers data subject rights, penalties up to USD 28M, and cross-border transfers.
Complete guide to Ukraine data privacy laws and the GDPR alignment reform. Learn about the current framework, proposed GDPR-size penalties, and the new data protection authority.
Complete guide to UK data privacy laws including UK GDPR, Data Protection Act 2018, ICO enforcement, penalties up to 4% turnover, and 2025 reforms.
Complete guide to Uruguay data privacy laws under Law 18.331. Learn about EU adequacy status, URCDP enforcement, database registration, cross-border transfers, and compliance.
Complete guide to Vietnam data privacy laws under Decree 13/2023/ND-CP. Learn about cross-border transfer rules, data localization, consent requirements, and enforcement.